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TRANSCRIPT
What is Fundamental?
Oleh:
Prof. Abd. Aziz TajuddinDekan Penyelidikan Pelantar Sains Fundamental /
Pengerusi JK Sains FundamentalUniversiti Sains Malaysia
What is Fundamental Research?
•
Research leading to the advancement of knowledge in the areas of human and natural sciences
•
The research should focus on:– accumulation of theories– fundamental structures– fundamental processes
IMPORTANCE OF FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH
•
It contributes towards the advancement of knowledge.
•
It leads
to new discoveries and technological inventions in science.
•
It is the road to achieving the Nobel Laureate prize.
Definition of Fundamental Research
•
“A principle (research) which serves as the groundwork of a system, going to the root of the matter, serving as a base or foundation; essential, primary, original (basic knowledge) from which others are derived.”
Norazmi Mohd Nor 2002
“Basic Research is the engine that drives medical advances”
Prof. E.D. MillerDean & CEO of John Hopkin’s University School of Medicine
Excellent Fundamental Research produces new knowledge & ideas • that change the way people think• that endure, and• that are widely used by others
Office of Basic Energy Sciences, DOE, USA
Basic research or fundamental research (sometimes pure research)
•
is research
carried out to increase understanding of fundamental principles. Many times the end results have no direct or immediate commercial benefits: basic research can be thought of as arising out of curiosity. However, in the long term it is the basis for many commercial products and applied research. Basic research is mainly carried out by universities and research institutes though some commercial companies do get involve at times.
Curiosity•
To answer the question
WHY?
Curiosity•
Basic (aka fundamental or pure ) research is driven by a scientist's curiosity or interest in a scientific question. The main motivation is to expand man's knowledge , not to create or invent something. There is no obvious commercial value to the discoveries that result from basic research.
For example, basic science investigations probe for answers
to questions such as:•
How did the universe begin?
•
What are protons, neutrons, and electrons composed of?
•
How do slime molds reproduce? •
What is the specific genetic code of the fruit fly?
•
Most scientists believe that a basic, fundamental understanding of all branches of science is needed in order for progress to take place.
•
In other words, basic research lays down the foundation for the applied science that follows. If basic work is done first, then applied spin-offs often eventually result from this research.
•
As
Dr. George Smoot
of LBNL says, "People cannot foresee the future well enough to predict what's going to develop from basic research. If we only did applied research, we would still be making better spears."
There have been many historical examples in which basic research has played a vital role in the advancement
of scientific knowledge. Here are just a few important
examples:
Our understanding of genetics and heredity is largely due to the studies of Gregor Mendel, who studied pea plants in the 1860's, and the experiments with fruitflies by T.H. Morgan in the early 20th century. These organisms were used because it was easier to design experiments using pea plants and fruitflies than using higher forms of life. (Fruitflies are still being used today in the Human Genome Project!)
DNA has been called the "ladder of life". Today, the double-helix structure of DNA is routinely introduced in middle school life science classes, but in the early 1950's, the structure of DNA was still being determined. Using data gathered from the previous basic research of other scientists, James Watson and Francis Crick discovered the structural design
of the DNA molecule in 1953.
Determining DNA's structure was vital to our understanding of how DNA worked.
•Many of today's electrical devices (e.g., radios, generators and alternators) can trace their roots to the basic research conducted by Michael Faraday in 1831. He discovered the principle of electromagnetic induction, that is, the relationship between electricity and magnetism. •At LBNL's Advanced Light Source, x-rays are used to help us to probe into very tiny samples of materials. But our understanding of the properties of x-rays began with the fundamental experiments of Wilhelm Rontgen
in 1895.
In 1931, Earnest O. Lawrence
invented the first functional cyclotron, a device that would allow scientists to accelerate atomic particles to incredible speeds. Soon after, the Berkeley National Laboratory was established. Subsequent basic research at LBNL led to the discovery of many radioactive isotopes. Some of these isotopes --
such as carbon-14, cobalt-
60, hydrogen-3 (tritium), iodine-131, and technetium- 99 --
later became vital research tools used by
biologists, paleontologists, and archeologists, or as aids in the medical treatment
of various diseases.
Radio-isotope research at LBNL also included the creation of 15 of the so-called "heavy" (transuranic) elements. Albert Ghiorso, co-discoverer of 12 heavy elements, explains why
the pursuit of new manmade
elements is a worthwhile venture.
Each of these scientists was trying to learn about the basic nature of the phenomena that they were studying. Only today can we see the vast implications of their research!
•
The distinction between basic and applied research isn't always clear. It sometimes depends on your perspective or point of view. According to Dr. Ashok Gadgil of LBNL, one way to look at it is to ask the following question: "How long will it be before some practical application results from the research ?"
•
If a practical use is only a few years away, then the work can be defined as strictly applied research.
•
If a practical use is still 20-50 years away, then the work is somewhat applied and somewhat basic in nature.
•
If a practical use cannot be envisioned in the foreseeable future, then the work can be described as purely basic research.
•
For example, for some time now, a fair amount of research has been underway on developing fusion reactors to provide a controlled energy source for cities. There is a clear applied goal to this work, yet there are so many technical obstacles to overcome that it may be another 30 to 50 years before we see a functional fusion reactor
in use.
The development of fusion energy could be regarded as both basic and applied research.
•
Superconductivity is another research area that falls into this gray zone. Most conductors of electricity are not very efficient; some energy is lost as heat as the electricity passes through the (typically metallic) conductor. Superconductors are materials that lose little or no energy as electricity passes through them. However, the earliest superconductors had to be cooled with expensive liquid helium to temperatures below -
269 �C to work properly. Newer materials have been developed in recent years that show superconductive properties at much warmer temperatures, requiring only inexpensive liquid nitrogen to be sufficiently cooled.
•
Clearly, the development of new superconductive materials falls into the realm of basic research. However, if and when superconductive materials are developed that can be used as easily as copper wire, many important practical applications will soon follow, including providing electricity to cities much more efficiently.
A proposal to do fundamental research in the
arts and social sciences must reflect the following elements:
•
Strong, clear and explicit theoretical underpinning•
distinguishable from research that is purely applied in nature
•
an empirical component that is clearly directed at exploring the theoretical concerns of the research
•
having the ultimate aim of revisiting, reconstructing, or building new theoretical, conceptual or paradigmatic knowledge bases in the arts and social sciences
•
31 Disember, 2009
FRGS FASA 1 / 2010
Latar Belakang/Sejarah
Kementerian Pengajian Tinggi (KPT) telah memperuntukkan dana sebanyak RM 200 juta di bawah Rancangan Malaysia ke-Sembilan (RMK-9) bagi melaksanakan Skim Geran Penyelidikan Fundamental IPTA (FRGS) untuk diagihkan kepada institusi – institusi Pengajian Tinggi Awam (IPTA). Terdapat dua bentuk geran yang boleh dipohon di bawah FRGS iaitu:-
(i) Projek-projek yang dipohon oleh penyelidik melalui kepada Pengurusan Penyelidikan di IPTA masing- masing;
(ii) Projek-projek yang dikenalpasti oleh pihak jawatankuasa Geran Penyelidikan Fundamental secara Top Down.
Inception of FRGS Grant•
RM100 million grant has been given to MoE to promote fundamental research and was mentioned RM200 millions under RM9 for MOHE.
•
RM32 millions has been distributed to IPTAs.
•
USM has received RM3 million for this purpose in 2002 and RM4 millions in 2003 out of which RM1 millions has been allocated top-down and RM7.8 millions for 2006
Objektif
•Penyelidikan Fundamental merupakan penyelidikan asas yang dilakukan untuk tempoh satu jangka masa, berterusan dan tidak menghasilkan manfaat dalam jangka masa yang singkat.
•Penyelidikan ini juga bertujuan untuk menggalakkan penerokaan idea/ konsep/ teori baru yang seterusnya akan menjadi pemangkin kepada penemuan baru, perkembangan ilmu dan penciptaan yang inovatif dan terkini.
Demarcation: basic/fundamental versus applied research:
•
not at all clear cut•
inextricably inter-twined
•
hybrid of new knowledge generation and subsequent exploitation
•
major innovation -
rarely possible without prior generation of new knowledge founded on basic research
•
strong scientific discipline + strong collation = generation of knowledge and application
Basic/Fundamental ScienceValue/definition of basic scientific research:
•
fundamental theoretical or experimental investigative research to advance investigative research to advance knowledge without a specifically envisaged or immediately practical application
•
the quest for new knowledge and the exploration of the unknown
•
naively perceived as unnecessary luxury that can simply replaced by applied research top more directly address immediate need
Retard basic research = stifle innovation and application New scientific knowledge :
•
fostering innovation & economic growth •
sound foundation for education and training
•
Investment in basic research (ARGUEABLY) : •
why not focus primarily / exclusively on the existing information to develop applied solution ?
•
superficially (such approach) facilitated by the emergence of global society (internet access)
•
merit for a short-term (may be)?
Neglecting basic and applied research is seriously flawed! WHY?
•
Basic & Applied Research: a continuum and interdependent
•
integration of B&A research is crucial to problem solving, innovation, and product development
•
Knowledge is more than information –
transfer of scientific knowledge requires well –
trained
(cognitive capability, skills and training) scientists at both ends of the exchange
•
excessive dependency on foreign B&A research rarely likely lead to solving local problems
Charting future research: Globalization and participation
“…a country with no basic scientific research capacity effectively excludes itself from having any real influence on the future directions of science…”
Why??
Antarctica
Global knowledge economy:
•
Thriving scientific community to generate new knowledge and to exploit (academia and industry –
irrefutable)
•
Exploitation and application of scientific information requires skilled scientists with good understanding of the basic theories and practice of science
•
Adequate investment in Basic&Applied research is critical
•
WHY???
“…
support for basic science is not something that can be postponed or diminished when times are hard in the misplaced hope that applied research alone will provide a better return…”
ICSU2004
Bidang Penyelidikan
Bidang-bidang keutamaan bagi Penyelidikan Fundamental ialah:-
A. Sains Tulen B. Sains Gunaan C. Teknologi dan Kejuruteraan D. Sains Perubatan (termasuk kajian klinikal) E. Sains Sosial dan Kemanusiaan F. Sastera dan Sastera Ikhtisas G. Natural Sciences and National Heritage (Geologi,
Arkeologi,Taxonomi, Biodiversiti, Ekologi dll)
Kriteria Pemilihan
Setiap permohonan Geran Penyelidikan Fundamental harus memenuhi kriteria seperti berikut:-
(i) Penyelidikan yang dipohon merupakan projek yang dapat menghasikan sesuatu idea baru yang akan dapat membangunkan satu penyelidikan yang lain.
(ii) Penyelidikan yang merangkumi isu-isu kemanusiaan dansains sosial bagi tujuan peningkatan nilai kehidupan sejagat.
(iii) Penyelidikan yang akan dapat menambahbaik sesuatupolisi dan metodologi penyelesaian yang sedia ada.
(iv) Projek penyelidikan yang merupakan niche IPTA sertaprojek-projek strategik negara (national interest) yang mampumembangun sesuatu industri bagi kepentingan negara.
RESULTS OF FIRST EXCERCISE
2002
Statistics of Applications (2002)
•A total of 174 applications from 21 Schools, Centers and Units were received.
Detailed Results
Number of approved applications
63
Number of projects rejected
111
Percentage of Success ~57%
Amount of money disbursed
RM4,929,026
Results Of Second Exercise
( 2003)
Statistics of Applications
• A total of 128 applications from 26 Schools, Centers and Units were received
Detailed Results (2003)Number of Approved Applications 36
(RM3,015,458.00)Number of KIV cases 25
(RM2,410,775.69)Number of Projects rejected 59
Number of Conditional Approval 8 (RM751,515.00)
Percentage of Success 28%
Amount of Money Disbursed RM 3,015,458.00
Results Of MOHE Exercise
( 2006)
FRGS FASA I / 2006
PERMOHONAN FRGS YANG DITERIMA DAN DIPROSES
Bil Perkara Jumlah Keseluruhan
1. Jumlah Permohonan Diterima
180
2. Jumlah Permohonan Diperakui Peringkat Jawatankuasa FRGS
144
3. Jumlah Permohonan Ditolak
35
4. Geran FRGS Top Down 1
5. Jumlah Permohonan Dihantar Ke Kementerian Pengajian Tinggi
145
Keputusan Permohonan FRGS 2006
Peruntukan yang diluluskan oleh KPT
Jenis Projek Peruntukan Lulus (RM)
Projek-projek dalam kategori A -
D 7,932,025.54
TOP-DOWN 4,039,780.00
Kategori A (Highly Recommended)Bilangan Pusat Pengajian Bilangan
Penerima
1. Ilmu Kemanusiaan 6
2. Ilmu Pendidikan 3
3. IPPT 1
4. ISDEV 2
5. Kajian Samudera & Pantai 1
6. Kejuruteraan Aeroangkasa 1
7. Kejuruteraan Awam 1
8. Kejuruteraan Bahan & Sumber Mineral 5
9. Kejuruteraan Elektrik & Elektronik 2
10. Kejuruteraan Kimia 8
11. Pengurusan 3
12. Perumahan, Bangunan & Perancangan 2
13. Sains Farmasi 2
14. Sains Kajihayat 5
15. Sains Kemasyarakatan 1
16. Sains Kesihatan 2
17. Sains Kimia 14
18. Sains Perubatan 2
19. Teknologi Industri 2
JUMLAH KESELURUHAN 63
Kategori B (Recommended)
Bilangan Pusat Pengajian Bilangan Penerima
1. Sains kimia 2
JUMLAH KESELURUHAN 2
Kategori C (Pembudayaan Penyelidikan)
Bilangan Pusat Pengajian Bilangan Penerima
1. Bah. Pembangunan Koporat & Lestari 1
2 . Ilmu Kemanusiaan 5
3 . ISDEV 1
4 . Kajian Samudera & Pantai 1
5 . Kejuruteraan Bahan & Sumber Mineral 2
6 . Kejuruteraan Kimia 1
7 . Kejuruteraan mekanik 1
8 . Pendidikan Jarak Jauh 3
9 . Pengurusan 3
10 . Penyelidikan & Pembangunan Wanita 1
11 . Sains Farmasi 3
12 . Sains Fizik 3
13. Sains Kajihayat 13
14 . Sains Kimia 2
15 . Sains Komputer 3
16. Sains Matematik 14
17 . Sains Perubatan 7
18 . Teknologi Industri 2
JUMLAH KESELURUHAN 66
Kategori D (Not Fundamental)
Bilangan Pusat Pengajian Bilangan Penerima
1. Kajian Samudera & Pantai 1
2. Pendidikan jarak jauh 1
3. Sains Kajihayat 2
4. Sains Kesihatan 1
JUMLAH KESELURUHAN 5
Rumusan Bilangan Projek Yang Berjaya dan Amaun
FASA Bilangan Permohonan Yang Diluluskan
Jumlah Peruntukan Yang Diluluskan
(RM)
2006 138 8,956,069.12
2007 182 12,905,820.00
2008 27 2,536,516.00
2009 13 579,270.00
JUMLAH KESELURUHAN 360 24,977,675.12
Rumusan Bilangan Projek Yang Berjaya dan Amaun
FASA Bilangan Permohonan Yang Diluluskan
Jumlah Peruntukan Yang Diluluskan
(RM)
2002 63 4,929,026.00
2003 36 3,015,458.00
2006- 2009
360 24,977,675.12
JUMLAH KESELURUHAN 459 32,922,159.12
GUIDE TO WRITING
FRGS APPLICATION
Contents
•
Research background•
Objectives
•
Methodology•
Expected Outcomes
•
Importance & Benefits of Research•
Project costs & Tips on preparing budget
•
Overall Tips•
Evaluation criteria
Tailor your research such that it deals with solving problem at the
fundamental level
This is very important
What studies constitute Fundamental Level Research?
•
Physics/Engineering-atomic, electronic, molecular, atomic bonding, thermodynamic, material responses, interaction, transition.
•
Biology/Medicine/Pharmacy-cells, biological mechanism, genes, protein/nucleic acid interaction, neuron activity, cell activation.
What studies constitute Fundamental Level Research?
•
Chemistry-related fields-synthesis (chemical interaction), structural behavior, electronics, atomic, ions, molecules, molecular properties.
•
Mathematics-pure mathematical theories.
Research Background•
Remember that you are not writing a thesis.
•
Must be brief, yet thorough enough to support the need for the project
•
Show you have done a thorough literature search. A background description must include:–
whether a similar study has been done before? If so, where, how, & what were the findings
–
state your rationale for conducting the current project
–
Give references•
Must indicate potential for success
Research Background (cont.)
•
Do not reinvent the wheel
•
Make sure its impact-oriented or it leads to an advancement of knowledge
•
Be innovative
Objectives
•
Specific objectives are important since it relates to the milestone achievements of the project.
•
Objectives set could be carried out within the duration of the grant.
Objectives (cont.)
•
Use result-oriented words, e.g.,–
To define …
–
To classify …–
To determine …
–
To assess …–
To develop …
Example of FR (Physics)
•
To develop a new mathematical formalism to explain/understand a certain physical phenomenon.
•
To understand and classify a new phase transition in a material.
Example of FR (Medical Sciences)
•
To identify the cytokines secreted by Th1 and Th2 cell subsets.
•
To determine the role of macrophage in artherosclerosis.
Example of FR (Kemanusiaan)•
Pengelompokan leksikostatistik bahasa-
bahasa bumiputera di Sarawak•
On defining the model of spatial distribution and diffusion of Melanau Language family along Rejang-Baram rivers
•
Sistem bacaan USM•
The psychoragraphic clusters of Malaysian domestic travellers
Example of FR (Kemanusiaan)•
Developing a model of flood hazards on urban floodplains in Malaysia
•
Toward a nurturant-task model of leadership in Malaysia: a contingency approach
Example of FR (Pendidikan)•
Kajian pembinaan dan pentaksiran kerangka kepekaan nombor murid sekolah rendah tahap 1
•
Tahap kefahaman Bahasa Melayu murid- murid sekolah rendah
•
Learning English in rural secondary schools: difficulties, learning styles, strategies and motivation
•
Interaction model in video conferencing learning environment in distance education
Example of FR (Pendidikan)•
Tahap penguasaan kemahiran menulis dalam Bahasa Melayu melalui Kurikulum Bersepadu Sekolah Rendah (KBSR)
Example of FR (Sastera)•
Tapak Bukit Bunuh Lenggong Perak –
sumbangan kepada kebudayaan paleolitik dunia
•
Prehistoric trade, exchange and culture contact between Bukit Tengkorak and other sites in South East Asia and the Pacific Region
Methodology•
Include relevant details :–
What do you plan to do to achieve the research objectives?
–
How, when & why?–
Study location
–
Sample size / number of tests to be done–
Need approval from govt. ministries? Attach an approval letter.
•
Provide a timetable & flow-chart of your research design
Methodology (cont’d)
•
State the logical progression of the work towards fulfilling the objectives
•
State your end-points/milestones of the project, & when you plan to achieve them
•
Milestones are important since they are used in monitoring progress of projects
•
State the risk and duration of the project
Expected Outcome
•
Define clearly the expected results.•
Examples for Physics:–
Development of a new mathematical formalism for a dipole switching process
–
Classification of a new phase transition•
Examples for Medical Sciences:–
Identification of cytokines secreted by Th1 and Th2 cells
–
Understanding the role of macrophage in artherosclerosis
Importance and Benefits of Research
•
Explain how your proposed research contributes to the advancement of new knowledge.
•
Examples:–
Leads to a better understanding of the subject involved
–
The research findings lead to an explanation of a certain process that has never been clearly explained before
•
Example for physics: it leads to a discovery of a new type of phase transition in a material
•
Example for medical sciences: it leads to a better understanding of T cell function
Project Costs (New guidelines)•
Prepare proposed project costing for 36 month duration.
•
Proposed budget must not exceed RM100,000 per year for MOHE FRGS. USM RU RM250k/RM1(team)/RM5m (cluster)
Tips on Preparing Budget•
Put items in their right vote.–
Conference fees in vote 29000
•
Please itemize all proposed items in each vote.–
Specify conferences to attend i.e. national or international.–
If chemicals are needed, append a complete list.–
Be specific about items/equipments proposed under vote 35000.
•
Name the required software e.g. MATHEMATICA,PLOTIT etc.
•
Clearly describe each equipment. The best is to provide justification for each. E.g. Why PC or notebook is required?
Tips on Preparing Budget (cont.)
•
Guideline on quantum of RM for certain votes and popular items:–Read the instructions properly
because they keep on changing it from phase to phase due to constructive feedbacks
Overall Tips to Increase Your Chances of Success
•
Include a milestone list in your application
•
Give a Gantt chart in line with your milestone list
•
Please include your latest version CV and CV’s of your co-
researchers
Evaluation Criteria•
The research is FUNDAMENTAL
•
Applicants must have good research track records: publications & previous findings.
•
Are young academic staff
encouraged to apply? Special consideration
will be given based
on the viability of the project.•
Research leader and team capability.
•
Viability
of research plan.•
The budget
proposed must be reasonable.
•
Utilization of existing
/ available infrastructure.
FRGS 2002 - 2005
Statistik Permohonan Berjaya•
99 permohonan FRGS daripada 19 Pusat Pengajian dan Pusat Penyelidikan telah diluluskan dengan peruntukan sebanyak RM 6 juta.
1 1 12 2 2
3 3 3 34 4 4 4
5
11
14 14
18
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
Bil. P
ermoh
onan
Pusat Pengajian/Pusat Penyelidikan
Kejuruteraan Awam PengurusanPerumahan, Bangunan & Perancangan Pusat Penyelidikan ArkeologiKejuruteraan Mekanik Sains FizikKejuruteraan Bahan & Sumber Mineral Kejuruteraan Elektrik & ElektronikSains Farmasi Sains KomputerIlmu Pendidikan Ilmu KemanusiaanKejuruteraan Kimia Teknologi IndustriPendidikan Jarak Jauh Sains BiologiSains Kimia Sains MatematikSains Perubatan, Kesihatan dan Pergigian
OUTPUT FRGS 2002-2005
Penerbitan
Jurnal ISI Jurnal Lain
52 41
Siswazah Penyelidik
PhD MSc Pra- Siswazah
11 37 60
“FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH AT USM 2002-2005”
FRGS FASA 1/2006FRGS FASA 1/2006
LAPORAN LAPORAN KESELURUHAN FRGS KESELURUHAN FRGS
FASA 1/2006FASA 1/2006
LAPORAN KESELURUHAN FRGS FASA 1/2006LAPORAN KESELURUHAN FRGS FASA 1/2006
LAPORAN KESELURUHANSEHINGGA 31 DIS 2007
NUMBER OF ARTICLESNUMBER OF ARTICLES
231
33
23 21 16 15 10 6 5 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
21
40
23
10
16
28
22
8 11
2 2 2 0 4 0 0 0 0
30
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
260
USMUKM UM
UMTUiTM
UTM
UPMUIAM
UNIMAP
UMSUTHM
UUM
UMPUNIM
ASUPSIUTeMUSIMUDM
IPTA
BIL
ISI Index Journal ISI Non Index Journal
PAPER PRESENTATIONSPAPER PRESENTATIONS12
4
87
93
87 85
50
24
43
28
25
14
8 6 4
1 0 0 0
103
116
47
54
69
12
45
41
19
27
11
5
8
2 0 0 02
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
UKM
UPM
USM UM
UTM
UIAM
UMTUNIM
APUTHM
UiTM
UMS
UUM
UTeMUNIM
AS
UMP
UPSIUSIM
UDM
IPTA
BILINTERNATIONAL NATIONAL
PEMBANGUNAN PEMBANGUNAN MODAL INSAN MODAL INSAN
(Sehingga 31 Disember 2007)(Sehingga 31 Disember 2007)
FRGS FASA 1/2006FRGS FASA 1/2006
HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENTHUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT
105
87
51
44 43
1813
9 8 72 2 2 1 0 0 0 01
62
22
1 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
USM
UKM
UPM
UTM UM
UIAM
UiTMUNIM
AP
UMS
UMTUTH
M
UMP
UPSIUUM
UNIMAS
UTeM
USIM
UDM IPTA
BIL
ON GOING GRADUATED
PhD STUDENTPhD STUDENT
HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENTHUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT
129
115
83
6256
4237
26 23 22
4 4 3 1 0 0 0 08
28
12
34
37 4 2 3 3 4
0 0 0 0 0 0 00
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
UPM
UKM
USM
UTM UM
UMTUIA
M
UMSUNIM
APUiTMUTH
M
UMPUPSIUUM
UNIMAS
UTeM
USIM
UDM
IPTA
BILON GOING GRADUATED
MSc STUDENTMSc STUDENT
HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENTHUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT
140
115
83
6256
4237
26 23 22
4 4 3 1 0 0 0 0
46
28
12
34
37 4 2 3 3 4
0 0 0 3 0 0 00
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
UPM
UKM
USM
UTM UM
UMT
UIAM
UMSUNIM
AP
UiTMUTHM
UMP
UPSIUUM
UNIMAS
UTeM USIM
UDM
IPTA
BIL
ON GOING GRADUATED
Undergraduate Final Year ProjectUndergraduate Final Year Project
HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENTHUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT
914
9
24
5
17
6 6 5 4 2 2 0 2 40 1 0
117
91
64
5653
48
32 31
1915 12 11
5 3 1 1 0 00
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
UPM
UKM
UIAM
USM UM
UTM
UiTM
UMT
UMSUNIM
APUTHM
UUMUNIM
AS
UMPUTeM UPSI
UDM
USIM
IPTA
BIL
Temporary Research OfficerTemporary Research Assistant
Temporary ResearchTemporary Research
BIL IPTA PERATUS PERBELANJAAN (%)
1 UPM 30.64
2 USM 33.24
3 UKM 30.19
4 UiTM 36.66
5 UTM 43.74
6 UM 56.82
7 UIAM 28.49
8 UMT 50.55
9 UMS 45.16
10 UNIMAP 54.12
11 UTHM 23.27
12 UNIMAS 52.5
13 UUM 39.33
14 UMP 37.44
15 UPSI 39.96
16 UTEM 58.29
17 USIM 0
18 UDM 74.81
JUMLAH KESELURUHAN 40.85
PERATUS PERBELANJAAN PERUNTUKAN FRGS FASA 1/2006PERATUS PERBELANJAAN PERUNTUKAN FRGS FASA 1/2006
PERATUSAN PERBELANJAANPERATUSAN PERBELANJAAN
74.8
1
58.2
9
57
54.1
2
52.5
50.5
5
45.1
6
43.7
4
39.9
6
39.3
3
36.6
6
33.2
4
30.6
4
30.1
9
23.2
7
0
28.2
937.4
4
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
UDMUTe
M UMUNIM
APUNIM
AS
UMT
UMS
UTM UPSIUUM
UMPUiTM
USM
UPM
UKM
UIAM
UTHM
USIM
IPTA
PER
AT
US
(%)
Observations and Findings :
a) Complete and clear in terms of objectives, methodology and expected out-and comply with the definition of FR
b) Not clear and could not be classified as FRc) Complete and clear in terms of objective, methodology and
expected out-put, but could not be classified as FRd) Satisfy the equipments but the proposed budget is too high –
the committee recommended for other sources of funding (MOSTI)
e) Do not satisfy the requirements as the proposals more inclined towards applied research in nature
f) Incomplete application forms – partly due to the nature of assessment conducted at the respective IPTAs
Observations and findings (cont.): more specific-not recommended:
g) Nature of projects more on monitoring and survey type h) Already at the product development stage i) Incomplete of application form including detailed costing j) No endorsement from the authority (e.g. RMC or DVC)k) Classified under different field and category
Way Forward: Recommendations for the future improvement
a) Niche areas considered as top-down projects; natural history issue (biodiversity, taxonomy, ecology, archaeology and geology)
b) Those projects (a) should be given a priorityc) Pure and applied sciences should be further
subdivided or categorized – physical, biological, biochemical, environmental, mathematical, bioprocess and chemical processing
Sekian…
http://www.usm.my/r&d/download.htm