what is fsm - national institute of urban affairs is fsm.pdf · exposure visit and fsm workshop in...
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Sanitation Capacity Building Platform
What is Fecal Sludge ManagementManagement
Sanitation Capacity Building Platform
What is Fecal Sludge ManagementManagement
Urban Sanitation Situation in India(Census 2011)
On Site Sanitation and
Household Toilet81.4%
% of fresh water resource which is being used for drinking purpose is
Sewage contributes 60% of total pollution load.% of total domestic wastewater is generated in Class-I cities.CPCB Report, 2009
Septic tanks38.2%
Pit Latrines 8.8%
Safe Disposal
31% (11467 MLD out of 38,254 MLD from Class I&II towns)
SewerageConnection
Insanitary (Dry & Bahao) Latrines
1.7%
Source : MOUD
Urban Sanitation Situation in India
and Sewerage
No Household Toilets
18.6%
Community
contaminated.
Community Toilets
6%
Open Defecatio
31% (11467 MLD out of 38,254 MLD from Class I&II towns)
Unsafe Disposal
69 %
SewerageConnection
32.7%
Sanitation Sanitation Sanitation Sanitation SystemsSystemsSystemsSystems
Non-Sewered
Sanitation System
Fecal Sludge
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De-Centralized
Wastewater
Treatment System
(DEWATS)
Fecal Sludge
Fecal Sludge Management
SystemsSystemsSystemsSystems
Sewered
Sanitation system
Wastewater
Centralized
Wastewater
Treatment
Centralized
Wastewater
Treatment System
(DEWATS)
Wastewater
User Interface
ExcretaStorage
Emptying and
Transport
Fecal Sludge Management
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TreatmentUse or
Disposal
FSM
WC to
sewer
33%
TransportCollectionContainment
Urban India
17%
covered pits, VIPs
On-site
facility
Septic tanks,
covered pits, VIPs
etc.
Open defecation
(including open
pits)
Unsafely
emptied
or discharged
Source: Census
9%9%
17%
81% Local area and beyond, via drains
Treatment Reuse/ disposalTransport
Not treated to standard
Treated
Leakage
Sewer coverage No of Cities % of popu
<10 % 191 16.45%
10 - 30% 158 20.10%
30 - 60% 75 24.22%
>60% 78 39.23%
100%88%
Not treated
but unknown
where it goes
Not treated
but unknown
where it goes
41% 14%
Leakage
17%
Receiving
WatersLocal area and beyond, via drains
User Interface
ExcretaStorage
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• Open-defecation
• Poorly designed septic tanks do not comply with designs prescribed by BIS
• Effluent goes straight into open drains or soak
not comply with designs prescribed by BIS
Effluent goes straight into open drains or soak pits - Contamination
Questions
What type of septic tanks does your city have?
Are the septic tanks built as per the specifications in the
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Are the septic tanks built as per the specifications in the
building by-laws?
Who builds the sceptic tanks?
What type of septic tanks does your city have?
Are the septic tanks built as per the specifications in the Are the septic tanks built as per the specifications in the
Septic tank diagram
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Emptying and
Transport
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• Manual emptying
• Difficult to purchase equipment
• No training, no hygiene, learn on the
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Difficult to purchase equipment
training, no hygiene, learn on the spot
Questions
Who and how are septic tanks emptied?
How often are they emptied?
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How often are they emptied?
Who and how are septic tanks emptied?
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• No treatment
Contamination
Treatment
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No treatment – Disposal on fields or surface water –
Contamination – Public Health
Questions
How is the fecal sludge treated?
Where is it disposed?
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Where is it disposed?
Do you have a functional sewage treatment plant?
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Do you have a functional sewage treatment plant?
Technology OptionsTechnology OptionsTechnology OptionsTechnology Options
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Motorized Collection and TransportMotorized Collection and TransportMotorized Collection and TransportMotorized Collection and TransportSenegal and Cameroon
(Credit: Linda Strande)
Motorized Collection and TransportMotorized Collection and TransportMotorized Collection and TransportMotorized Collection and Transport
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(Credit: Linda Strande)
(Credit: Linda Strande)
Motorized Collection and TransportMotorized Collection and TransportMotorized Collection and TransportMotorized Collection and TransportBangladesh
Motorized Collection and TransportMotorized Collection and TransportMotorized Collection and TransportMotorized Collection and Transport
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(Credit: Sandec/Eawag)
Emptying Technology Options Emptying Technology Options Emptying Technology Options Emptying Technology Options – Manual EmptyingManual EmptyingManual EmptyingManual Emptying
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Manual EmptyingManual EmptyingManual EmptyingManual Emptying
Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Motorized TransportMotorized TransportMotorized TransportMotorized Transport
(Credit: Moritz Gold)
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(Credit: Moritz Gold)
Lusaka, Zambia
Manual TransportManual TransportManual TransportManual Transport
(Credit: WSUP (2014): FSM services in Lusaka: moving up the
excreta management ladder)
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(Credit: Research Triangle Institute)
Haiti
CoCoCoCo----Composting Treatment SiteComposting Treatment SiteComposting Treatment SiteComposting Treatment Site20
Composting Treatment SiteComposting Treatment SiteComposting Treatment SiteComposting Treatment Site
Bangladesh
Planted Drying Beds Treatment SitePlanted Drying Beds Treatment SitePlanted Drying Beds Treatment SitePlanted Drying Beds Treatment Site21
Planted Drying Beds Treatment SitePlanted Drying Beds Treatment SitePlanted Drying Beds Treatment SitePlanted Drying Beds Treatment Site
Uganda
Drying Beds Treatment SiteDrying Beds Treatment SiteDrying Beds Treatment SiteDrying Beds Treatment Site22
Senegal
Solar Drying Treatment SiteSolar Drying Treatment SiteSolar Drying Treatment SiteSolar Drying Treatment Site23
Afghanistan
Biogas Reactor Treatment SiteBiogas Reactor Treatment SiteBiogas Reactor Treatment SiteBiogas Reactor Treatment Site24
Biogas Reactor Treatment SiteBiogas Reactor Treatment SiteBiogas Reactor Treatment SiteBiogas Reactor Treatment Site
South Africa
Disposal SiteDisposal SiteDisposal SiteDisposal Site25
Fecal sludge can be used for various purposes.
Fecal Sludge UseFecal Sludge UseFecal Sludge UseFecal Sludge Use
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Treated fecal
sludge used as a
soil conditioner
AgricultureAgricultureAgricultureAgriculture
Anaerobic
digestion
produces biogas
BiogasBiogasBiogasBiogas
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Briquette made
from fecal
sludge can
replace wood
Solid FuelSolid FuelSolid FuelSolid Fuel
Chickens love
larvae
ProteinProteinProteinProtein
Implementation ModelsImplementation ModelsImplementation ModelsImplementation Models
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A Financial A Financial A Financial A Financial Flow Flow Flow Flow DiagramDiagramDiagramDiagram
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Financial FlowFinancial FlowFinancial FlowFinancial Flow
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Outline Outline Outline Outline of the Meetingof the Meetingof the Meetingof the Meeting
1.1.1.1.IntroductionIntroductionIntroductionIntroduction
2.2.2.2.Decentralized Decentralized Decentralized Decentralized sanitationsanitationsanitationsanitation
3.3.3.3.Sanitation Capacity Building PlatformSanitation Capacity Building PlatformSanitation Capacity Building PlatformSanitation Capacity Building Platform
4.4.4.4.Next stepsNext stepsNext stepsNext steps
sanitationsanitationsanitationsanitation
Sanitation Capacity Building PlatformSanitation Capacity Building PlatformSanitation Capacity Building PlatformSanitation Capacity Building Platform
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Design of PlatformDesign of PlatformDesign of PlatformDesign of Platform
Objective: To build the capacity of cities and other stakeholders working in
urban sanitation to ensure improved delivery of sanitation services through
decentralized approach.
Assess the needs
Develop a capacity building
programme
Coordinate with
partners
: To build the capacity of cities and other stakeholders working in
urban sanitation to ensure improved delivery of sanitation services through
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Coordinate with
partners
Provide customized
capacity building activities
Monitor the progress
Platform partnersPlatform partnersPlatform partnersPlatform partners
Assess the needs
Develop a capacity building
programme
Coordinate with
partners
Coordinate with
partners
Provide customized
capacity building activities
Monitor the progress
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Outline Outline Outline Outline of the Meetingof the Meetingof the Meetingof the Meeting
1.1.1.1.IntroductionIntroductionIntroductionIntroduction
2.2.2.2.Sanitation Capacity Building PlatformSanitation Capacity Building PlatformSanitation Capacity Building PlatformSanitation Capacity Building Platform
3.3.3.3.Decentralized sanitationDecentralized sanitationDecentralized sanitationDecentralized sanitation
4.4.4.4.Next stepsNext stepsNext stepsNext steps
Sanitation Capacity Building PlatformSanitation Capacity Building PlatformSanitation Capacity Building PlatformSanitation Capacity Building Platform
Decentralized sanitationDecentralized sanitationDecentralized sanitationDecentralized sanitation
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Next stepsNext stepsNext stepsNext steps
Exposure visit and FSM workshop in Bangalore
NIUA and Partners will work with the city on FSM
Strategy followed by DPRStrategy followed by DPR
Exposure visit and FSM workshop in Bangalore
NIUA and Partners will work with the city on FSM
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