WHAT IS ENGINEERING? Engineers solve problems using science and math, harnessing the forces and materials in nature. They draw on their creative powers to come up with quicker, better, and less expensive ways to do the things that need to be done. And they find ways to make dreams a reality. Engineering is: the application of scientific and mathematical principles to practical ends Engineers are basically INVENTORS! What do ENGINEERS need?! 1. The Engineering Design Process - EDP it is as important to Engineering as the scientific method is to science and mathematical algorithms are to mathematics. 2. Curiosity If you are curious, you can be taught the science and math needed to be an engineer. 3. Creativity Engineering is creative. You must be able to think outside the box and INVENT or CREATE new things! 4. Organization and Logic Engineers have time constraints, material costs, and other considerations, so they must be logical and organized! 5. Problem Formulation & Decision Making Problems must be stated very specifically. Engineers use critical thinking skills to consider the constraints, weigh the possible solutions, and come to a conclusion. 6. Knowledge of Math, Science and Technology Engineering is the practical use of science, math, and technology. 7. Ability to Work in Teams When facing a complicated problem, having a group of people (each of whom bring unique experiences and expertise) work together is often a more productive approach. TYPES OF ENGINEERING: 1. AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERING Cars are an important part of our daily lives. We depend on them to perform everyday tasksgetting to and from school and work, sports practice, grocery shopping, and various errandsand also to keep us safe while doing so. Our cars can keep us cool or warm while we drive them, keep us entertained and even help us find our way. Automotive engineers can be involved in the entire process of creating a car, from initial concept to testing of the finished product. They are concerned with the safety, fuel efficiency, and comfort of their designs Cars through the years: 2. Mechanical Engineering Mechanical engineers are part of your everyday life, designing the spoon you used to eat your breakfast, your breakfast's packaging, the flip-top cap on your toothpaste tube, the zipper on your jacket, the car, bike, or bus you took to school, the chair you sat in, the door handle you grasped and the hinges it opened on, and the ballpoint pen you used to take your test. Virtually every object that you see around you has passed through the hands of a mechanical engineer. Mechanical engineers research, design, develop, manufacture, and test tools, engines, machines, and other mechanical devices. 3. Civil Engineering Designs and builds a building that is beautiful and that can survive a major earthquake Designs and builds a bridge that will move people to where they need to be Civil engineers design and supervise the construction of roads, buildings, airports, tunnels, dams, bridges, and water supply and sewage systems. Civil engineering is considered one of the oldest engineering disciplines 4. Structural Engineering Structural Engineers are involved with the design of buildings and other large structures. Structural engineering has existed since humans first started to construct their own structures. Chinese TV Headquarters Modern Day Structures 5. Environmental Engineering Environmental engineers plan projects around their city or statelike municipal water systems, landfills, recycling centers, or sanitation facilitiesthat are essential to the health of the people who live there. Environmental engineers also work to minimize the impact of human developments, like new roads or dams, on environments and habitats, and they strive to improve the quality of our air, land, and water. Design the structure and irrigation for rooftop gardens, helping reduce building heating and cooling costs 6. Chemical Engineering Chemical engineers apply the principles of chemistry to solve problems involving the production or use of chemicals and biochemicals. Working with anything from cosmetics to clothing to explosives to food, they design new products and safe production processes. Find a way to turn recycled plastic bottles into high-end fabrics. Invent a bubble gum formula that makes it easy to blow big bubbles. Toothpaste The Greeks, and then the Romans, improved the recipes for toothpaste by adding crushed bones and oyster shells. An 18th-century American and British toothpaste recipe called for burnt bread. Another formula around this time called for dragon's blood (a resin), cinnamon, and burnt alum. By 1900, a paste made of hydrogen peroxide and baking soda was recommended for use with toothbrushes Pre-mixed toothpastes were first marketed in the 19th century, but did not surpass the popularity of tooth-powder until World War I. In 1892, Doctor Washington Sheffield of New London, CT manufactured toothpaste into a collapsible tube. Fluoride was first added to toothpastes in the 1890s.