Presented By

Gaurav Panchal Parmar Hitesh Solanki Hasmukh Nai Bhavesh

Guide By : Prof.Amar Y. salariya

What is E-waste?

E-waste can be defined as the disposal created by discarded

electronic devices and components as well as substances involved

in their manufacture and production.

E-waste is a term used to cover almost all types of electrical and

electronic equipment (EEE) that has or could enter the waste

stream. Although e-waste is a general term, it can be considered to

cover TVs, computers, mobile phones, white goods (e.g. fridges,

washing machines, dryers etc), home entertainment and stereo

systems, toys, toasters, kettles – almost any household or business

item with circuitry or electrical components with power or battery

supply.

Effect of E-waste on environment

Element Effect on environment

Lead Damage to central nervous systems, blood system, Kidney damage Effect brain development on children

Chromium Asthmatic bronchitis.

Cadmium Toxic irreversible effects on human on health. Accumulates in kidney and liver.

Mercury Chronic damage to the brain.

Plastics including PVC

Burning produces dioxin. It causes Reproductive and developmental problems; Immune systems damage; Interfere with regulatory hormones

Why E-waste management ?

Pollution of ground water.

Acidification of soil.

Emission of toxic fumes and gases.

Releases toxic substances into the air.

Content..

Introduction

Objective

Literature review

Methodology

Conclusion

References

Introduction

Rapid changes in technology, changes in media (tapes, software, MP3),

falling prices, and planned obsolescence have resulted in a fast-growing

surplus of electronic waste around the globe.

Display units (CRT, LCD, LED monitors), Processors (CPU, GPU, or APU

chips), memory (DRAM or SRAM), and audio components have different

useful lives. Processors are most frequently out-dated (by software no

longer being optimized) and are more likely to become "e-waste", while

display units are most often replaced while working without repair

attempts, due to changes in wealthy nation appetites for new display

technology.

Continue…..

An estimated 50 million tons of E-waste are produced each year. the

amount of e-waste being produced - including mobile phones and

computers - could rise by as much as 500 percent over the next decade in

some countries, such as India. The Environmental Protection Agency

estimates that only 15-20% of e-waste is recycled, the rest of these

electronics go directly into landfills and incinerators

Up to 60 elements can be found in complex electronics. Electrical waste

contains hazardous but also valuable and scarce materials.

Objectives:

Increase the strength of concrete.

Make light weight concrete.

To use e-waste in concrete so its help to reduce environment

effect.

Methodology

Step-1

Step-2

Step-3

Step-4

Step-7

Step-8

Step-5

Step-6

Literature Review

1) Studies on Concrete containing E plastic waste

Lakshmi.R 1 Nagan.S 2

Conclusion:

This study intended to find the effective ways to reutilize the hard plastic

waste particles as concrete aggregate. The compressive strength and split

tensile strength of concrete containing e-plastic aggregate is retained more or

less in comparison with controlled concrete specimens. However strength

noticeably decreased when the e plastic content was more than 20%.

2)Replacement of Natural sand in concrete by waste product:A State of Art (Bahoria B.V., Parbat D.K. and Naganaik P.B.)

Conclusion:

The partial replacement of river sand with 20% CGF is

recommended for use in concrete production for use in rigid

pavement. Where crushed granite is in abundance and river sand

is scarce, the complete replacement river sand with CGF is

recommended for use in low to moderately trafficked roads.

3) Waste Management: Solid, Liquid, Hazardous, Bio-medical and Electronic Waste PLAS-CRETE: Manufacture of Construction Blocks with shredded PET

Conclusion:

This study indicates that shredded PET and HDPE are viable

aggregates for the production of a lightweight construction

material. Results obtained indicated that the plastic aggregate

blocks produced, were lighter than the normal aggregate concrete;

there was an overall 22% reduction in weight.

4) Application of CNC Waste with Recycled Aggregate in Concrete

Mix(Awanish Kumar Shukla)

Conclusion:

It is found that up to 50% replacement of natural coarse aggregate by

recycled coarse aggregate (in addition to 2% CNC lathe waste) increases

the compressive strength. There was 11% increment in compressive

strength.

5)Electronic Waste Management in India –issues and strategies (Kurian Joseph)

Conclusion:

Solid waste management, which is already a mammoth task in India, is

becoming more complicated by the invasion of e-waste, particularly

computer waste. There exists an urgent need for a detailed assessment of

the current and future scenario including quantification, characteristics ,

existing disposal , practices, environnemental impacts etc.

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION

Collection of E-waste :

E-waste comprises of wastes generated from used electronic devices

and house hold appliances which are not fit for their original intended

use and are destined for recovery, recycling or disposal. Such wastes

encompasses wide range of electrical and electronic devises such as

computers, hand held cellular phones, personal stereos, including large

household appliances such as refrigerators, air conditioners etc.

1)First of all crushing the E-waste and make 10 mm particle size

Crushing of E-waste

2)E-waste crushed by crushing machine and make 4.75mm particle size for fine aggregate

Mix Design Concrete Mix Design - M20 ( 1: 1.5 : 3 )

Replacement Criteria-:

(% Replacement With Respect To Fine Aggregate)

0 %

5 %

10 %

15 %

20%

Sample Will Be Tested After Curing Period Of 7 Days And 28 Days.

Mixture

No.

Cement

kg/cm3

Fine

Aggregate

kg/cm³

Coarse

Aggregate

Kg/cm³

Water

kg/cm³

W/C

ratio

E-waste

material

Kg/cm³

1 1.149 1.719 3.56 0.574 0.50 0

2 1.149 1.638 3.56 0.574 0.50 0.0859

3 1.149 1.5471 3.56 0.574 0.50 0.1719

4 1.149 1.4612 3.56 0.574 0.50 0.2578

5 1.149

1.3752 3.56

0.574

0.50

0.3438

Following test will be conducted –

1. Sieve analysis test

2. Pycnometer bottle test

3. Density bucket test

4. Los Angeles abrasion test

5. Compressive strength test

6. Split tensile strength test

7. Flexural strength test

Specific Gravity- 1.6313

Particle Size 4.75 mm

Pycnometer bottle test

Test for Compressive, Split Tensile And Flexural Strength

Cement

cement is a fine, grey powder. Cement is mixed with water and materials

such as sand, gravel, and crushed stone to make concrete. The cement

and water form a paste that binds the other materials together as the

concrete hardens. The choice of the type of cement depends upon the

requirements of performance at hand. The most commonly used

cement is called ordinary Portland cement. Variation in the cement

quality will cause the concrete compressive strength to vary more than

any other single material

sr. No Property Result

1 Normal Consistency 32%

2 Initial Setting time 30 min

3 Specific Gravity 3.15

4 Fineness of cement 3200 cm2/gm

Fine Aggregate

The sand used for the work was locally procured and conformed to

Indian Standard Specifications IS: 383-1970. The sand was sieved

through 4.75 mm sieve to remove any particles greater than 4.75 mm.

The various other tests conducted are specific density, bulk density,

fineness modulus, water absorption and sieve analysis. The results are

given below in Table 3. The fine aggregated belonged to grading zone

II.

Sr. No Property Result

1. Specific Gravity 2.57

2. Fineness modulus 2.28

3. Grading zone II

Coarse Aggregate

The material which is retained on IS sieve no. 4.75 is termed as a coarse

aggregate. The crushed stone is generally used as a coarse aggregate. The

nature of work decides the maximum size of the coarse aggregate. Locally

available coarse aggregate having the maximum size of 20 mm was used in

this work. The aggregates were washed to remove dust and dirt and were

dried to surface dry condition. The aggregates were tested as per IS: 383-

1970.

Sr. no Properties Result

1. Size 20mm

3. Total water absorption 0.705%

4. Specific gravity 2.74

5. Fineness modulus 7.20

Results Of Compressive, Split Tensile And Flexural Strength

Mix % E-

waste

material

added

Compressive

Strength

(N/mm2)

Split tensile

Strength

(N/mm2)

Flexural

Strength

(N/mm2)

7 days 28days 7 days 28 days 7 days 28 days

M1 0 17.24 24.30 10.58 14.58 2.90 3.45

M2 5 18.20 24.56 10.92 14.73 2.98 3.46

M3 10 18.40 24.74 11.04 14.826 3.00 3.48

M4 15 18.67 24.98 11.202 14.988 3.02 3.49

M5 20 18.74 24.65 11.244 14.79 3.03 3.47

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

7 days 28 days

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

maximum strength

Co

mp

ress

ives

tren

gth

days

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

7days 28 days

0%

5%

10

15

20

Sp

lit

ten

sile

str

eng

th

Maximum strength

Days

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

7 days 28 days

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

maximum strength

Flex

ure

str

engt

h

days

Use of E-waste replacement by natural sand in concrete after

the result of Compressive, Split Tensile And Flexural Strength on

concrete, strength of concrete so we find out that maximum

strength of concrete is achieved by 15% of e-waste replacement

for M20 grade of concrete after 28 days and than after strength is

decrease.

Conclusion

Reference:

M.S. SHETTY, Concrete Technology Theory and Practice, S. Chand

Publication.

Effect of Mineral Admixtures on Mechanical Properties of High

Strength Concrete Made with Locally Available Materials,

Muhannad Ismeik, Jordan Journal of Civil Engineering, Volume 3,

No. 1, 2009.

IS:10262-1982, Recommended Guidelines for Concrete Mix Design.

IS: 383-1970 (Second Revision), Specifications for Coarse and Fine

Aggregates from Natural Resources for Concrete.