what is development engineering? david levine alice agogino uc berkeley designing products and...
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What is Development Engineering?
David LevineAlice AgoginoUC Berkeley
Designing products and services that improve poor people’s lives at scale
Is it hubris to “engineer” development?
• For over five centuries people from the Global North have “designed solutions” for those in the South
Profound humility
• For over five centuries people from the Global North have “designed solutions” for those in the South
• Often with tragic consequences
Profound humility
• Foundation of development engineering is realizing:– How little we understand needs– How bad our initial ideas and prototypes are
• Learn from and with local partners – For scaling: Need local partners to own & scale the
project• Plan for unintended consequences
Adding Development to Design Thinking Our complementary additions
Design thinking Development Business model / scaling / system thinking
More tools: sensors, experiments, and biggish data
Needs assessment
Qualitative tools
Ideation Creativity tools
Continuous improvement
Rapid prototyping
• Social goals to improve people’s lives at scale• Barriers to design from geographic and cultural distance• Constraints of poverty, remoteness, liquidity constraints,
gender roles,… • Opportunities of donors, mobile phones, microfinance,…• Tools like impact evaluations
Framework(Insights)
Observations(Contexts)
Imperatives(Concepts)
Solutions(Prototypes)
Qualitative &Quantitative
Data
Design Thinking in Development Engineering?
Example: cooking over biomass fires kills 4 million people per year
(Lim, 2014) http://blogs.civicus.org/worldassembly/2012/07/14/wood-fuel-destroying-the-environment-and-harming-the-african-woman
/.
Example: Development issues & stoves Needs assess Creativity Improvement Social goals to improve people’s lives at scale
Who breathes the most smoke?
How can we reduce smoke exposure?
Are we reducing smoke exposure?
Barriers to design from geographic and cultural distance
How can we learn when far?
How learn problems with out solutions?
Constraints of poverty, remoteness, liquidity constraints, gender roles,…
How sell when liquidity constraints?
Find 20 solutions to liquidity constraints
Test our solutions
Opportunities of donors, mobile phones, microfinance,…
What role for mobile phones?
How use mobile banking?
How collect data via phone?
Tools like impact evaluations What impacts do donors care about?
How roll out our product to build in learning?
Low-cost RCT
Development Engineering Dev Eng complementary additions Design
thinking Development=> More objectives, constraints & opportunities
Business model / scaling / system thinking
More tools:
Needs assessment
Qualitative tools
Add questions to inform the business model
Ideation Creativity tools
Applied to business models
Continuous improvement
Rapid prototyping
Of the business model
More quantitative tools Our complementary additions
Design thinking Business model / scaling / system thinking
Development=> More objectives, constraints & opportunities
More tools
Needs assessment Qualitative tools
Creativity Creativity tools
Continuous improvement
Rapid prototyping
Beyond rich qualitative methods:• Sensors embedded in products,
smart phones,…• Experiments (A/B testing, etc.)• Large data from satellites, clicks,
mobile phones…
Cook Stove Workshophttp://bit.ly/deveng-cookstove
Sensor Data
UCB-SUMS Stove Use Monitoring System
Maxim iButton: http://www.hedon.info/BP55:Low-costTemperatureLoggersAsStoveUseMonitors
What is Said – What is Done
• Comparison between ODK survey data and sensor data
• 85% over-estimated cooking hours & events – Users over-reported time spent cooking by 1.2 hours (almost double)– Non-Users over-reported by 1.7 hours.
Users
Non-Users
Development Engineering Dev Eng complementary additions Design
thinking Development=> More objectives, constraints & opportunities
Business model / scaling / system thinking
More tools: sensors, experiments, and large data
Needs assessment
Qualitative tools
Add questions & overcome barriers
Add questions to inform the business model
Using more tools
Ideation Creativity tools
Use as cues for creativity
Applied to business models
Use tools as cues for creativity
Continuous improvement
Rapid prototyping
Address barriers & use opportunities
Of the business model
Using more tools