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Part of the Programmingglossary:

A compiler is a special program that processes statements written in a particular programming language and turns them

into machine language or "code" that a computer'sprocessoruses. Typically, a programmer writes language statements

in a language such as Pascalor Cone line at a time using an editor. The file that is created contains what are called the

source statements. The programmer then runs the appropriate language compiler, specifying the name of the file that

contains the source statements.

When executing (running), the compiler first parses (or analyzes) all of the language statements syntactically one after the

other and then, in one or more successive stages or "passes", builds the output code, making sure that statements that

refer to other statements are referred to correctly in the final code. Traditionally, the output of the compilation has beencalled object codeor sometimes an object module. (Note that the term "object" here is not related to object-oriented

programming.) The object code is machine codethat the processor can process or "execute" one instruction at a time.

More recently, the Javaprogramming language, a language used in object-oriented programming, has introduced the

possibility of compiling output (calledbytecode) that can run on any computer system platform for which a Java virtual

machineor bytecode interpreter is provided to convert the bytecode into instructions that can be executed by the actual

hardware processor. Using this virtual machine, the bytecode can optionally be recompiled at the execution platform by

ajust-in-time compiler.

Traditionally in some operating systems, an additional step was required after compilation - that of resolving the relative


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location of instructions and data when more than one object module was to be run at the same time and they cross-

referred to each other's instruction sequences or data. This process was sometimes called linkage editingand the

output known as a load module.

A compiler works with what are sometimes called 3GLand higher-level languages. An assemblerworks on programs

written using a processor's assembler language.

This was last updated in June 2010

Posted by:Margaret Rouse

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