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What is Cloud Computing?

Why call it “Cloud” Computing?

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Cloud Computing Key Properties

Advantages •  Shift from CAPEX to OPEX

•  Lowers barrier for starting a new business/project •  Can be cheaper even in the long run

•  Economies of scale •  Geography

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Advantages •  Instant agility

•  Security

•  Reliability

Challenges •  Performance predictability (QoS)

•  Vendor lock-in

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Challenges •  Security and privacy

•  Data transfer bottleneck •  Uploading 10 TB over 20 Mbps link takes 45 days!

Cloud-friendly Applications •  Existing apps that do not require specialized hardware resources

•  Internet scale apps •  Large user base •  Geographic distribution

•  Apps with elastic demands

•  Burst computing

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Cloud Computing Taxonomy •  Infrastructure/hardware as a Service (IaaS)

•  Platform as a Service (PaaS)

•  Software/Framework as a Service (SaaS/FaaS)

Infrastructure as a service (IaaS) •  Also know as Utility Computing •  VM images of different OS flavors •  Can run any application natively on chosen OS •  User administers VMs

•  User in charge of elasticity and failover •  Almost like buying your how HW •  Billing:

•  CPU hour •  Gigabyte of storage per month •  Network traffic in and out of datacenter

•  Examples: •  Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2), Rackspace

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Platform as a Service (PaaS) •  Application need to conform to provider’s API •  VM managed automatically by provider

•  Automatic scaling and failover •  Billing:

•  CPU hour •  Gigabyte of storage per month •  Network traffic in and out of datacenter

•  Examples: •  Google App Engine, Microsoft Azure, Heroku

Software/Framework as a Service (SaaS/FaaS)

•  SaaS: services and applications available on an on-demand basis.

•  FaaS: a configurable SaaS •  Billing:

•  Application specific •  Per hour •  Per transaction

•  Examples: •  Salesforce.com •  Google Docs

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How do they stack up?

Choosing between IaaS and PaaS •  IaaS

•  Use third party sw or other programming languages •  Have existing code •  Care about lock in

•  Transfer web app to your own server or a different provider •  Want complete control •  Are OK with the extra work needed to manage the system

•  PaaS •  Provider’s API provider all needed functionality •  Have no issues with lock-in •  Don’t want to or cannot afford to manage the servers

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Amazon Web Services

Regions and Availability Zones !  Region

•  Set of Availability Zones located in one geographic area •  Currently 8 regions:

•  Virginia, California, Oregon, Ireland Singapore, Australia, Tokio, Sao Paulo

!  Availability Zone •  Independent failure domains

•  Distinct location •  Independent power grid and network connection

•  Zones within a region networked with inexpensive low-latency connections •  Example: us-east-1a, us-east1b, us-east-1c, us-east-1d

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Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) !  Introduced in 2006 (beta), 2007 (full production version) ! Based on Xen virtualization !  Introduced Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

•  Rent a server on an hourly basis •  Renting one instance for 10,000 hours is just as cheap as

renting 10,000 instances for an hour.

EC2 Instance ! Definition: an active virtual server ! Created from an Amazon Machine Image (AMI)

•  Like a boot CD. Root image with everything necessary to start an instance:

! Large number of images available

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Usage Model !  Single AMI used to create multiple instances

•  Customized for application •  Typically, all applications are pre-loaded

!  Instance are ephemeral •  Created when needed •  Terminated when demand goes away

!  Instance storage (FS) is ephemeral •  Goes away when the instance is terminated

!  Persistent storage: •  Amazon Elastic Block Store (EBS) volume •  S3, RDS, SimpleDB, DynamoDB

Instance Types

! One EC2 Compute Unit provides the equivalent CPU capacity of a 1.0-1.2 GHz 2007 Opteron or 2007 Xeon processor.

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Create a Custom EC2 Instance !  Select AMI ! Choose instance type ! Choose availability zone !  Set key-pair !  Set security group !  ssh into instance

•  e.g., ssh –i .ssh/csc309.pem ubuntu@ec2-107-20-227-144.compute-1.amazonaws.com

! Customize ! Create Image

Security Group ! Network firewall rules for instance ! By default instance is not accessible ! Can limit by protocol, port, source IP

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Key Pairs !  SSH credentials to log into instance !  Install private key (pem file) in .ssh !  ssh –i <keypair>.pem <user>@<instance> !  e.g., ssh –i .ssh/ece1779.pem ubuntu@23.21.224.179

ami-cafc53a2 !  Ubuntu 14 !  Apache2

•  sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 start|stop •  /var/www/html #root for all web documents •  /var/log/apache2 #apache server logs

!  PHP •  /etc/php5/apache2/php.ini # php configuration file

!  Other tools •  eclipse •  twm, fvwm, kde •  vnc

•  vncpasswd # create .vnc/passwd file •  vncserver -geometry 1400x900 :1 # starts a new vncserver on display 1

•  mysql-workbench

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Recommended Reading The Cloud at Your Service Jothy Rosenberg and Art Mateos

Cloud Computing Bible Barrie Sosinsky

Programming Amazon Web Services James Murty

Programming Google App Engine Dan Sanderson