what is a landmark case? - national constitution center
TRANSCRIPT
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Scholar Exchange:Canonical and
Landmark Supreme Court
Cases
BIG IDEA
The Supreme Court has been at the center of some of the most important constitutional debates in American history. Over time, the Court’s landmark decisions have shaped constitutional law across a range of areas, including the powers of the national government, the meaning of the Constitution’s promise of freedom and equality, and the balance of power between the national government and the states.
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Scholar Exchange:Canonical and
Landmark Supreme Court
Cases
WHAT IS A LANDMARK CASE?
A landmark case is a court case that is studied because it has historical and legal significance. The most significant cases are those that have had a lasting effect on the application of a certain law, often concerning your individual rights and liberties.
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Scholar Exchange:Canonical and
Landmark Supreme Court
Cases
HOW DO COURTS CASES AFFECT LAW?
Though the judicial branch doesn’t directly make laws, the courts interpret laws through the cases brought before them. The American legal system is a Common Law system, which means that judges base their decisions on previous court rulings in similar cases. Therefore, previous decisions by a higher court are binding, and become part of the law.
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Scholar Exchange:Canonical and
Landmark Supreme Court
Cases
SUPREME COURT FOUNDATIONS
• Marbury v. Madison (1803)• McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
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Chief Justice John Marshall
Scholar Exchange:Canonical and
Landmark Supreme Court
Cases
SUPREME COURT FOUNDATIONS
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Scholar Exchange:Canonical and
Landmark Supreme Court
CasesJohn Adams Thomas
Jefferson
John Marbury James Madison
SUPREME COURT FOUNDATIONS
MARBURY V. MADISON (1803)
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The Second Bank of the United States
Scholar Exchange:Canonical and
Landmark Supreme Court
Cases
MCCULLOCH V. MARYLAND (1819)
SUPREME COURT FOUNDATIONS
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Scholar Exchange:Canonical and
Landmark Supreme Court
Cases
CONSTITUTION’S PROMISE OF EQUALITY
• Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857)• Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)• Brown v. Board of Education (1954)• Regents of University of California
v. Bakke (I978)• Obergefell v. Hodges (2015)
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Dred and Harriet Scott
Scholar Exchange:Canonical and
Landmark Supreme Court
Cases
CONSTITUTION’S PROMISE OF EQUALITY
DRED SCOTT V. SANDFORD (1857)
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Image: Durham, North Carolina Bus Station, 1940. (Library of Congress)
Scholar Exchange:Canonical and
Landmark Supreme Court
Cases
CONSTITUTION’S PROMISE OF EQUALITY
PLESSY V. FERGUSON (1896)
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Scholar Exchange:Canonical and
Landmark Supreme Court
Cases
CONSTITUTION’S PROMISE OF EQUALITY
BROWN V. BOARD OF EDUCATION (1954)
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Image: Protest against the California Supreme Court's decision in Bakke, Los Angeles, May 7, 1977
(Archives of the University of California)
Scholar Exchange:Canonical and
Landmark Supreme Court
Cases
CONSTITUTION’S PROMISE OF EQUALITY
REGENTS OF UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA V. BAKKE (I978)
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Scholar Exchange:Canonical and
Landmark Supreme Court
Cases
CONSTITUTION’S PROMISE OF EQUALITY
OBERGEFELL V. HODGES (2015)
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Scholar Exchange:Canonical and
Landmark Supreme Court
Cases
FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS AND THE CONSTITUTION
• Lochner v. New York (1905)• Roe v. Wade (1973)
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Scholar Exchange:Canonical and
Landmark Supreme Court
Cases
FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS AND THE CONSTITUTION
LOCHNER V. NEW YORK (1905)
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Scholar Exchange:Canonical and
Landmark Supreme Court
Cases
FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS AND THE CONSTITUTION
ROE V. WADE (1973)
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Scholar Exchange:Canonical and
Landmark Supreme Court
Cases
THE BILL OF RIGHTS
• Schenck v. United States (1919)• West Virginia v. Barnette (1943)• Mapp v. Ohio (1961)• Kelo v. City of New London (2005)
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ANTI-WAR PROTEST AT U.S. CAPITAL BUILDING, 1917
Scholar Exchange:Canonical and
Landmark Supreme Court
Cases
THE BILL OF RIGHTS
SCHENCK V. UNITED STATES (1919)
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Scholar Exchange:Canonical and
Landmark Supreme Court
Cases
THE BILL OF RIGHTS
WEST VIRGINIA V. BARNETTE (1943)
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Dollree "Dolly" Mapp
Scholar Exchange:Canonical and
Landmark Supreme Court
Cases
THE BILL OF RIGHTS
MAPP V. OHIO (1961)
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Suzette Kelo
Scholar Exchange:Canonical and
Landmark Supreme Court
Cases
THE BILL OF RIGHTS
KELO V. CITY OF NEW LONDON (2005)
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Scholar Exchange:Canonical and
Landmark Supreme Court
Cases
BATTLES OVER PRESIDENTIAL POWER
• Korematsu v. United States (1944)• Youngstown Sheet & Tube v. Sawyer
(1952)• U.S. v. Nixon (1974)
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Fred Korematsu
Scholar Exchange:Canonical and
Landmark Supreme Court
Cases
BATTLES OVER PRESIDENTIAL POWER
KOREMATSU V. UNITED STATES (1944)
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Scholar Exchange:Canonical and
Landmark Supreme Court
Cases
BATTLES OVER PRESIDENTIAL POWER
YOUNGSTOWN SHEET & TUBE V. SAWYER (1952)
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President Richard Nixon
Scholar Exchange:Canonical and
Landmark Supreme Court
Cases
BATTLES OVER PRESIDENTIAL POWER
U.S. V. NIXON (1974)
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Scholar Exchange:Canonical and
Landmark Supreme Court
Cases
THE CONSTITUTION IN THE SCHOOL
• Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969)
• New Jersey v. T.L.O. (1985)• Hazelwood School District v.
Kuhlmeier (1988)
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Scholar Exchange:Canonical and
Landmark Supreme Court
Cases
Mary Beth and John Tinker
THE CONSTITUTION IN THE SCHOOL
TINKER V. DES MOINES (1969)
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Scholar Exchange:Canonical and
Landmark Supreme Court
Cases
THE CONSTITUTION IN THE SCHOOL
NEW JERSEY V. T.L.O. (1985)
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Image Source: University of Missouri-Kansas City
Scholar Exchange:Canonical and
Landmark Supreme Court
Cases
THE CONSTITUTION IN THE SCHOOL
HAZELWOOD SCHOOL DISTRICT V. KUHLMEIER (1988)