What have we learned What have we learned about astronomy this about astronomy this

quarter?quarter?

Question 1• The model in which Earth is at the The model in which Earth is at the

center of the system of planets is center of the system of planets is called thecalled thea.a. Solar systemSolar systemb.b. Heliocentric systemHeliocentric systemc.c. Geocentric systemGeocentric systemd.d. Copernican systemCopernican system

Question 2• The tendency of a moving object to The tendency of a moving object to

continue moving in a straight line is continue moving in a straight line is calledcalled

a.a.Orbital speedOrbital speedb.b.MassMassc.c.InertiaInertiad.d.gravitygravity

Question 3• The heliocentric view of the solar The heliocentric view of the solar

system gained support when system gained support when Galileo observedGalileo observed

a.a.SunspotsSunspotsb.b.The phases of VenusThe phases of Venusc.c.The moons of JupiterThe moons of Jupiterd.d.All of the aboveAll of the above

Question 4• Kepler used mathematics to show Kepler used mathematics to show

that the orbits of the planets arethat the orbits of the planets area.a.IrregularIrregularb.b.EllipsesEllipsesc.c.CirclesCirclesd.d.Triangles Triangles

Question 5• Copernicus radical view of the solar Copernicus radical view of the solar

system had what body at its system had what body at its center?center?

a.a.EarthEarthb.b.MoonMoonc.c.JupiterJupiterd.d.SunSun

Question 6• What do all of the inner planets have What do all of the inner planets have

in common?in common?a.a.They have the same period of rotationThey have the same period of rotationb.b.They have the same period of They have the same period of

revolutionrevolutionc.c.They have the same diameterThey have the same diameterd.d.They are all small and have rocky They are all small and have rocky

surfacessurfaces

Question 7• Saturn’s rings are made mostly Saturn’s rings are made mostly

ofofa.a.Nitrogen and heliumNitrogen and heliumb.b.Ice and water vaporIce and water vaporc.c.Volcanic dust particlesVolcanic dust particlesd.d.Ice and rocksIce and rocks

Question 8• Uranus is different from the Uranus is different from the

other planets because itother planets because ita.a.Is the farthest from the sunIs the farthest from the sunb.b.Is mostly nitrogen and heliumIs mostly nitrogen and heliumc.c.Rotates on its sideRotates on its sided.d.Has the most moonsHas the most moons

Question 9• Comets most resembleComets most resemblea.a.Large stony rocksLarge stony rocksb.b.Large metallic rocksLarge metallic rocksc.c.Dirty snowballsDirty snowballsd.d.Clean snowballsClean snowballs

Question 10• When a meteoroid enters the When a meteoroid enters the

Earth’s atmosphere, it produces a Earth’s atmosphere, it produces a streak of light calledstreak of light called• A meteor.A meteor.• A meteorite.A meteorite.• An asteroid.An asteroid.• A meteoroid.A meteoroid.

Question 11• The electromagnetic spectrum isThe electromagnetic spectrum isa.a.All of the colors of light you can see with All of the colors of light you can see with

your eyes.your eyes.b.b.All of the different types of All of the different types of

electromagnetic waves.electromagnetic waves.c.c. A band of color formed when white light A band of color formed when white light

passes through a prism.passes through a prism.d.d.The distance between the crests of two The distance between the crests of two

waves.waves.

Question 12• Both reflecting and refracting telescopes Both reflecting and refracting telescopes

are designed toare designed toa.a.Break visible light into the colors of the Break visible light into the colors of the

spectrum.spectrum.b.b.Separate visible light from ultraviolet and Separate visible light from ultraviolet and

radio waves.radio waves.c.c. Gather and focus visible light.Gather and focus visible light.d.d.Work better with short-wavelength Work better with short-wavelength

radiation.radiation.

Question 13• Reflecting telescopes differ from Reflecting telescopes differ from

refracting telescopes in havingrefracting telescopes in havinga.a.No eyepiece lens.No eyepiece lens.b.b.Two large objective lenses.Two large objective lenses.c.c.A mirror instead of an objective A mirror instead of an objective

lens.lens.d.d.One large objective lens.One large objective lens.

Question 14• Spectrographs help astronomers Spectrographs help astronomers

determine thedetermine thea.a.Position of a star in the sky.Position of a star in the sky.b.b.Temperature of a star.Temperature of a star.c.c.Distance to a star.Distance to a star.d.d.Diameter of a star.Diameter of a star.

Question 15• The chemical composition of a The chemical composition of a

star can be determined using a star can be determined using a a.a.Refracting telescopeRefracting telescopeb.b.SpectrographSpectrographc.c.SatelliteSatellited.d.Reflecting telescopeReflecting telescope

Question 16• A light-year isA light-year isa.a.365 days.365 days.b.b.The distance light travels in a year.The distance light travels in a year.c.c.The distance from Earth to Proxima The distance from Earth to Proxima

Centauri.Centauri.d.d.The amount of light the sun produces The amount of light the sun produces

in a year.in a year.

Question 17• A star is born whenA star is born whena.a.A nebula expands.A nebula expands.b.b.Helium and oxygen combine.Helium and oxygen combine.c.c.Nuclear fusion starts.Nuclear fusion starts.d.d.A protostar begins to cool.A protostar begins to cool.

Question 18• All stars begin their lives as parts All stars begin their lives as parts

ofofa.a.Nebulas.Nebulas.b.b.Protostars.Protostars.c.c.Pulsars.Pulsars.d.d.Double stars.Double stars.

Question 19• The force that tends to pull The force that tends to pull

together matter in stars istogether matter in stars isa.a.Gravity.Gravity.b.b.Nuclear fusion.Nuclear fusion.c.c.Expansion.Expansion.d.d.Nuclear fission.Nuclear fission.

Question 20• More than half of all stars are More than half of all stars are

members of groups of two or more members of groups of two or more stars calledstars called

a.a.Galaxies.Galaxies.b.b.Eclipsing binaries.Eclipsing binaries.c.c.Star systems.Star systems.d.d.Star clusters.Star clusters.

Question 21• How are elliptical galaxies and spiral How are elliptical galaxies and spiral

galaxies different?galaxies different?a.a.Elliptical galaxies have almost no gas or Elliptical galaxies have almost no gas or

dust.dust.b.b.Elliptical galaxies vary more in shape than Elliptical galaxies vary more in shape than

spiral galaxies.spiral galaxies.c.c. Spiral galaxies have almost no gas or dust.Spiral galaxies have almost no gas or dust.d.d.Spiral galaxies contain only old stars.Spiral galaxies contain only old stars.

Question 22• The Milky Way Galaxy isThe Milky Way Galaxy isa.a.A spiral galaxy.A spiral galaxy.b.b.A cloud galaxy.A cloud galaxy.c.c.An elliptical galaxy.An elliptical galaxy.d.d.An irregular galaxy.An irregular galaxy.

Question 23• Scientists think that the universe Scientists think that the universe

is approximatelyis approximatelya.a.1 to 5 millions years old1 to 5 millions years oldb.b.1 to 2 billions years old1 to 2 billions years oldc.c.15-17 billions years old15-17 billions years oldd.d.100 to 200 billion years old100 to 200 billion years old

Question 24• One piece of evidence that supports One piece of evidence that supports

the Big Bang theory is the observation the Big Bang theory is the observation that most galaxies are movingthat most galaxies are moving

a.a.Toward our galaxy.Toward our galaxy.b.b.Toward one another.Toward one another.c.c.In random directions.In random directions.d.d.Away from one another.Away from one another.

Question 25• The solar system formed fromThe solar system formed froma.a.An expanding galaxy.An expanding galaxy.b.b.A giant cloud of gas and dust.A giant cloud of gas and dust.c.c.An enormous explosion.An enormous explosion.d.d.A black hole.A black hole.

Question 26• Day and night are caused byDay and night are caused bya.a.The tilt of the Earth’s axis.The tilt of the Earth’s axis.b.b.Earth’s revolution around the Earth’s revolution around the

sun.sun.c.c.Eclipses.Eclipses.d.d.Earth’s rotation on its axis.Earth’s rotation on its axis.

Question 27• Earth’s rotation takes aboutEarth’s rotation takes abouta.a.365 days365 daysb.b.6 months6 monthsc.c.24 hours24 hoursd.d.1 month1 month

Question 28• The theory astronomers have The theory astronomers have

developed to describe the developed to describe the formation of the universe is theformation of the universe is the

a.a.Expanding cloud theory.Expanding cloud theory.b.b.Time warp theory.Time warp theory.c.c.Galactic expansion theory.Galactic expansion theory.d.d.Big bang theory.Big bang theory.

Question 29• One complete revolution of the One complete revolution of the

Earth takes aboutEarth takes abouta.a.One rotation.One rotation.b.b.One season.One season.c.c.One year.One year.d.d.One eclipse.One eclipse.

Question 30• Earth has seasons becauseEarth has seasons becausea.a.Earth rotates on its axis.Earth rotates on its axis.b.b.The distance between Earth and sun The distance between Earth and sun

changes.changes.c.c.Earth’s axis is tilted as it moves around Earth’s axis is tilted as it moves around

the sun.the sun.d.d.The temperature of the sun changes.The temperature of the sun changes.

Question 31• An equinox occurs whenAn equinox occurs whena.a.Neither end f the Earth’s axis is tilted Neither end f the Earth’s axis is tilted

toward nor away from the sun.toward nor away from the sun.b.b.The north end of the Earth’s axis is tilted The north end of the Earth’s axis is tilted

away from the sun.away from the sun.c.c. The north end of the Earth’s axis is tilted The north end of the Earth’s axis is tilted

toward the sun.toward the sun.d.d.Earth’s axis is parallel to the sun’s rays.Earth’s axis is parallel to the sun’s rays.

Question 32• Because the moon rotates once for reach Because the moon rotates once for reach

revolution around Earth,revolution around Earth,a.a.You see some phases more than others.You see some phases more than others.b.b.A different side of the moon faces Earth A different side of the moon faces Earth

each day.each day.c.c. You never see the far side of the moon.You never see the far side of the moon.d.d.The far side of the moon is visible only The far side of the moon is visible only

during the full moon phase.during the full moon phase.

Question 33• When the north end of the Earth’s axis When the north end of the Earth’s axis

is tilted toward the sun, North America is tilted toward the sun, North America experiencesexperiences

a.a.More indirect rays and shorter days.More indirect rays and shorter days.b.b.More indirect rays and longer days.More indirect rays and longer days.c.c.More direct rays and shorter days.More direct rays and shorter days.d.d.More direct rays and longer days.More direct rays and longer days.

Question 34• The phase of the moon you see depends The phase of the moon you see depends

onona.a.Where you are on the Earth’s surface.Where you are on the Earth’s surface.b.b.How much of the sunlit side of the moon How much of the sunlit side of the moon

faces Earth.faces Earth.c.c. How much of the moon’s surface is lit by How much of the moon’s surface is lit by

the sun.the sun.d.d.Whether or not an eclipse is occurring.Whether or not an eclipse is occurring.

Question 35• For a solar eclipse to occur,For a solar eclipse to occur,a.a.The sun must be directly between the The sun must be directly between the

Earth and the moon.Earth and the moon.b.b.The moon must be directly between the The moon must be directly between the

Earth and the sun.Earth and the sun.c.c. The moon must be directly behind the The moon must be directly behind the

Earth.Earth.d.d.Earth must be directly between the sun Earth must be directly between the sun

and moon.and moon.

Question 36• During what phase can a lunar During what phase can a lunar

eclipse occur?eclipse occur?a.a.New moon.New moon.b.b.First quarter moon.First quarter moon.c.c.Waxing gibbous moon.Waxing gibbous moon.d.d.Full moon.Full moon.

Question 37• You are less likely to see a solar eclipse than a You are less likely to see a solar eclipse than a

lunar eclipse becauselunar eclipse becausea.a. The moon’s shadow covers all of the Earth The moon’s shadow covers all of the Earth

during a lunar eclipse.during a lunar eclipse.b.b.New moon phases occur less often than full New moon phases occur less often than full

moon phases.moon phases.c.c. Only people on the daytime side of the Earth Only people on the daytime side of the Earth

can see a solar eclipse.can see a solar eclipse.d.d.You must be in the moon’s shadow to see a You must be in the moon’s shadow to see a

solar eclipse.solar eclipse.

Question 38• Tides are caused mainly byTides are caused mainly bya.a.Earth’s rotation on its axisEarth’s rotation on its axisb.b.Differences in how much the sun pulls Differences in how much the sun pulls

on different parts of the Earth.on different parts of the Earth.c.c.Strong winds blowing water onto Strong winds blowing water onto

coasts.coasts.d.d.Differences in how much the moon Differences in how much the moon

pulls on different parts of the Earth.pulls on different parts of the Earth.

Question 39• Scientists think the moon was formed whenScientists think the moon was formed whena.a. A large object struck Earth, and material from A large object struck Earth, and material from

both bodies combined.both bodies combined.b.b.Gravitation forces attracted materials from Gravitation forces attracted materials from

outer space.outer space.c.c. Meteoroids collected and solidified within the Meteoroids collected and solidified within the

pull of the Earth’s gravity.pull of the Earth’s gravity.d.d.Gases from Earth escaped from the Gases from Earth escaped from the

atmosphere and condensed.atmosphere and condensed.

Question 40• The factor that a scientist changes The factor that a scientist changes

during a controlled experiment is during a controlled experiment is thethe

a.a.Dependent variable.Dependent variable.b.b.Responding variable.Responding variable.c.c.Initial variable.Initial variable.d.d.Manipulated variable.Manipulated variable.

Question 41• 40 cm are how many mm?40 cm are how many mm?a.a..4.4b.b.44c.c.400400d.d.40004000

Question 42