what fertilizer should i use? bob stevens extension soil scientist wsu- prosser [email protected]
TRANSCRIPT
What Fertilizer Should I Use?
Well that depends!!!!!!!!!!
Starting Points
• You have determined what plant nutrient your vines need.
Starting Points
• You have determined what plant nutrient your vines need.
• Once in the plant where it is needed ions from all sources are “equal”.
Starting Points
• You have determined what plant nutrient your vines need.
• Once in the plant part where needed ions from all sources are “equal”.
• Goal in selection of WHAT is to have nutrients in adequate “concentration” at the “plant part” at the “right” time.
The How & the When Affects the What
The How & the When Affects the What
• How Soil application Water application – drip Foliar spray
The How & the When Affects the What
• When Planning for future crop needs
• Soil test & plant analysis• Crop & management history
Responding to “real & perceived” needs• Growth patterns• Visual symptoms• In-season plant analysis
The How and the When Affects the What
• The bottom line is “time from application to plant availability”.
Organic
Vineyard
Conventional Other
Organic
Vineyard
Conventional Other
Soil Maintenance
PlantResponse
Conventional Vineyards
• Drip Irrigation Product solubility Product compatibility with irrigation water
• pH• Salts• Specific ion concentration (Ca++, HCO3
- )
Conventional Vineyard
• Soil applied inorganic sources Product reaction with soil chemistry Application method
• Broadcast Area covered Incorporation
• Band
Organic Vineyards
“Must meet organic certification criteria”
Organic Sources
• Crop residues (cover crops)
• Manures
• Compost
• Other sources
Organic Sources What’s Available
• Quality Nutrient value C:N ratio Maturity of compost Type of manure
• Transportation costs
5/13/03
5/13/03
52 lbs N/Ac incorporated with clover tops
C:N Ratio of Cover Crops
Cover Crop
Small grain
Vetch
Clover
C:N Ratio
Research Commercial
32 29
13 16
17 20
K Bair
Organic Sources Nutrient Availability
• Distribution
• Soil contact
• Soil Microbial activity Warm soil Moist soil
2005 Soil Test NO3-N Research Vineyard (0-6")
Date
May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov
mg
kg-1
NO
3-N
0
10
20
30
40 FertilizerControlFall VetchFall CloverF
ull
Blo
om
Ve
rais
on
2005 Soil Test NO3-N Commercial Vineyard (0-6")
Date
Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov
mg
kg-1
NO
3-N
0
10
20
30
40 Spring VetchFall VetchVetch Half/HalfSpring CloverFall CloverBloodmeal
Full
Blo
om
Vera
ison
R2 = 0.9134
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
19 20 21 22 23 24
Temperature (oC)
pp
m N
O3-
N
Soil NO3-N vs. Temperature
All Compost is not created
“equal”
Compost Considerations
• Changes in composted material will impact final compost quality
• Compost analysis may change over time
• More mature compost slower N release
Vineyard Nutrient Management Challenges
• Deficit Irrigation Where is the nutrient? Where is the water?
• Dry Spring soil moisture
Nutrient Source Management
• Have a PLAN
• Monitor the results Site specific
• Make adjustments gradually over time
Nutrient Source Management
• Have a PLAN
• Monitor the results Site specific
• Make adjustments gradually over time
• Sustainable practices maintain soil quality and optimize vineyard management goals.
N
P
KCa
B
Mg
S
Cu
Mo
Mn
Zn
Fe
Cl
