What events/ideas led to What events/ideas led to NATO?NATO?

Iron Curtain-Bullet list of eventsIron Curtain-Bullet list of events

Stalin’s Speech-Stalin’s Speech- created a agency called created a agency called cominform intended to direct the activities cominform intended to direct the activities of Communist parties around the worldof Communist parties around the world

Churchill’s Iron Curtain Speech responseChurchill’s Iron Curtain Speech response Explained Europe was divided after WWII into Explained Europe was divided after WWII into

2 political and economic systems Soviet Union 2 political and economic systems Soviet Union & United State& United State

Western Views of the Iron Curtain

Soviet Views of the Iron Curtain

• Winston Churchill attacked the Soviet Union for creating an Iron Curtain.

• The term reflected Churchill’s belief that communism had created a sharp division in Europe.

• Harry S Truman urged his secretary of state to get tough with the Soviets.

• Stalin believed that the Iron Curtain was necessary to protect the Soviet Union from western attacks.

• Stalin used Churchill’s words to help persuade his people that the United States and Great Britain were their enemies.

• He also used this as an excuse to rebuild the military.

The Iron CurtainThe Iron Curtain

How does the Iron Curtain relate to How does the Iron Curtain relate to Containment?Containment?

Churchill called on Americans to help keep Churchill called on Americans to help keep Stalin from closing the iron curtain of Stalin from closing the iron curtain of Communist dominations and oppression Communist dominations and oppression around any more nationsaround any more nations

Truman Doctrine-Bullet list of Truman Doctrine-Bullet list of eventsevents

Since 1945Since 1945- Soviet Union made threats against - Soviet Union made threats against Turkey (wanted to control area that would give Turkey (wanted to control area that would give Soviets ports on Black Sea/Med. Sea)Soviets ports on Black Sea/Med. Sea)

Greece-Greece- Civil war broke out & Communist Civil war broke out & Communist fought to overthrow gov’t fought to overthrow gov’t

Feb. 1947Feb. 1947- Britain no longer could afford to - Britain no longer could afford to provide aid to Greece and Turkey; asked U.S. provide aid to Greece and Turkey; asked U.S. to take over responsibility for depending to take over responsibility for depending nationsnations

How does the Truman Doctrine How does the Truman Doctrine relate to Containment?relate to Containment?

March 1947-March 1947- Pres. Truman wanted U.S. to Pres. Truman wanted U.S. to take a leadership role and established another take a leadership role and established another policy that guided American actionspolicy that guided American actions Congress-Congress- approved $400 million in aid for Greece approved $400 million in aid for Greece

and Turkey & U.S. est. military bases in both and Turkey & U.S. est. military bases in both countriescountries

Guided U.S. foreign policy for the next 4 decades Guided U.S. foreign policy for the next 4 decades

Marshall Plan-Bullet list of eventsMarshall Plan-Bullet list of events

-U.S. would help restore war-torn nations so they -U.S. would help restore war-torn nations so they could create stable democracies and achieve could create stable democracies and achieve economic recovery economic recovery

Marshall Plan was a fundamental shift in postwar Marshall Plan was a fundamental shift in postwar foreign policy that called on nations of Europe to foreign policy that called on nations of Europe to draw up a program for economic recovery from the draw up a program for economic recovery from the war with financial aidwar with financial aid Responded to concerns that the S.U. was growing stronger Responded to concerns that the S.U. was growing stronger

across Europeacross Europe Help Europe = European economic recovery, open markets Help Europe = European economic recovery, open markets

for American goodsfor American goods

How does the Marshall Plane relate How does the Marshall Plane relate to Containment?to Containment?

This Plan helped establish close ties between This Plan helped establish close ties between Western Europe and the U.S.Western Europe and the U.S.

U.S. would support Western European U.S. would support Western European nations with financial end to ensure to nations with financial end to ensure to contain the Soviet Union and satellite contain the Soviet Union and satellite nations to original regions only and ensue nations to original regions only and ensue they could not expandthey could not expand

Berlin Airlift-Bullet list of eventsBerlin Airlift-Bullet list of events

1948: Western Allies merge 3 occupation 1948: Western Allies merge 3 occupation zones to create Federal Republic of Germany zones to create Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) (West Germany) CAPITALISTCAPITALIST

1949: Soviets respond forming German 1949: Soviets respond forming German Democratic republic (East Germany) Democratic republic (East Germany) COMMUNISTCOMMUNIST

Berlin Airlift-Bullet list of eventsBerlin Airlift-Bullet list of eventscontinuedcontinued

100,000s Eastern Europeans left home in 100,000s Eastern Europeans left home in Communist nations fled to West Berlin to Communist nations fled to West Berlin to move to U.S., Canada, or Western Europemove to U.S., Canada, or Western Europe

Stalin forces Western powers to abandon West Stalin forces Western powers to abandon West Berlin & debate over West German money = Berlin & debate over West German money = block Allied access to West Berlin (severe block Allied access to West Berlin (severe shortages of food, and other supplies to 2.5 shortages of food, and other supplies to 2.5 million people in West Berlin)million people in West Berlin)

How does the Berlin Airlift relate to How does the Berlin Airlift relate to Containment?Containment?

To avoid war Truman did not use military force to To avoid war Truman did not use military force to open transportation routes or give up West Berlin to open transportation routes or give up West Berlin to SovietsSoviets

Began Berlin airlift moving supplies into West Berlin Began Berlin airlift moving supplies into West Berlin by plane for 15 months (British and American by plane for 15 months (British and American military aircrafts )military aircrafts )

-May 1949 Soviets finally gave up blockade and -May 1949 Soviets finally gave up blockade and airlifts ended the following September airlifts ended the following September

The U.S. created a strategy to avoid war but at the The U.S. created a strategy to avoid war but at the same time keep the Soviets at bay to avoid a same time keep the Soviets at bay to avoid a Communist take over of Berlin.Communist take over of Berlin.