what doesn’t quench galaxy formation?qnq/slides/philhopkins.pdfphil hopkins! dusan keres, claude...
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![Page 1: What Doesn’t Quench Galaxy Formation?QNQ/Slides/PhilHopkins.pdfPhil Hopkins! Dusan Keres, Claude Faucher-Giguere, Jose Onorbe, Freeke van de Voort, Sasha Muratov, Xiangcheng Ma,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081617/604ff4b1ad0c920b911d25bb/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
What Doesn’t Quench Galaxy Formation?
Phil Hopkins
Dusan Keres, Claude Faucher-Giguere, Jose Onorbe, Freeke van de Voort, Sasha Muratov, Xiangcheng Ma, Lena Murchikova, Norm Murray, Eliot Quataert, James Bullock
![Page 2: What Doesn’t Quench Galaxy Formation?QNQ/Slides/PhilHopkins.pdfPhil Hopkins! Dusan Keres, Claude Faucher-Giguere, Jose Onorbe, Freeke van de Voort, Sasha Muratov, Xiangcheng Ma,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081617/604ff4b1ad0c920b911d25bb/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
What Doesn’t Quench Galaxy Formation?
Phil Hopkins
Dusan Keres, Claude Faucher-Giguere, Jose Onorbe, Freeke van de Voort, Sasha Muratov, Xiangcheng Ma, Lena Murchikova, Norm Murray, Eliot Quataert, James Bullock
![Page 3: What Doesn’t Quench Galaxy Formation?QNQ/Slides/PhilHopkins.pdfPhil Hopkins! Dusan Keres, Claude Faucher-Giguere, Jose Onorbe, Freeke van de Voort, Sasha Muratov, Xiangcheng Ma,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081617/604ff4b1ad0c920b911d25bb/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Log( Halo Mass )
Log(
Ste
llar/
Hal
o M
ass
)
10% of baryons
Moster 2009
Motivation
Q: WHY IS STAR FORMATION SO INEFFICIENT?
Observed
No Feedback
Num
ber D
ensit
y
Mstars [M�]
![Page 4: What Doesn’t Quench Galaxy Formation?QNQ/Slides/PhilHopkins.pdfPhil Hopkins! Dusan Keres, Claude Faucher-Giguere, Jose Onorbe, Freeke van de Voort, Sasha Muratov, Xiangcheng Ma,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081617/604ff4b1ad0c920b911d25bb/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Log( Halo Mass )
Log(
Ste
llar/
Hal
o M
ass
)
10% of baryons
Moster 2009
Motivation
Q: WHY IS STAR FORMATION SO INEFFICIENT?
![Page 5: What Doesn’t Quench Galaxy Formation?QNQ/Slides/PhilHopkins.pdfPhil Hopkins! Dusan Keres, Claude Faucher-Giguere, Jose Onorbe, Freeke van de Voort, Sasha Muratov, Xiangcheng Ma,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081617/604ff4b1ad0c920b911d25bb/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Log( Halo Mass )
Log(
Ste
llar/
Hal
o M
ass
)
10% of baryons
Moster 2009
Motivation
Q: WHY IS STAR FORMATION SO INEFFICIENT?
Stellar Feedback
![Page 6: What Doesn’t Quench Galaxy Formation?QNQ/Slides/PhilHopkins.pdfPhil Hopkins! Dusan Keres, Claude Faucher-Giguere, Jose Onorbe, Freeke van de Voort, Sasha Muratov, Xiangcheng Ma,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081617/604ff4b1ad0c920b911d25bb/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Log( Halo Mass )
Log(
Ste
llar/
Hal
o M
ass
)
10% of baryons
Moster 2009
Motivation
Q: WHY IS STAR FORMATION SO INEFFICIENT?
Stellar Feedback
SMBH Feedback
![Page 7: What Doesn’t Quench Galaxy Formation?QNQ/Slides/PhilHopkins.pdfPhil Hopkins! Dusan Keres, Claude Faucher-Giguere, Jose Onorbe, Freeke van de Voort, Sasha Muratov, Xiangcheng Ma,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081617/604ff4b1ad0c920b911d25bb/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Stellar Feedback: How Can We Do Better?
![Page 8: What Doesn’t Quench Galaxy Formation?QNQ/Slides/PhilHopkins.pdfPhil Hopkins! Dusan Keres, Claude Faucher-Giguere, Jose Onorbe, Freeke van de Voort, Sasha Muratov, Xiangcheng Ma,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081617/604ff4b1ad0c920b911d25bb/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Stellar Feedback: How Can We Do Better?
![Page 9: What Doesn’t Quench Galaxy Formation?QNQ/Slides/PhilHopkins.pdfPhil Hopkins! Dusan Keres, Claude Faucher-Giguere, Jose Onorbe, Freeke van de Voort, Sasha Muratov, Xiangcheng Ma,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081617/604ff4b1ad0c920b911d25bb/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Stellar Feedback: How Can We Do Better?
! High-resolution (~1-10 pc), molecular/metal cooling (~10 K), SF at nH > 100 cm-3
![Page 10: What Doesn’t Quench Galaxy Formation?QNQ/Slides/PhilHopkins.pdfPhil Hopkins! Dusan Keres, Claude Faucher-Giguere, Jose Onorbe, Freeke van de Voort, Sasha Muratov, Xiangcheng Ma,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081617/604ff4b1ad0c920b911d25bb/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
! Energy/Mass/Metal Injection: ! SNe (II & Ia) ! Stellar Winds (O & AGB) ! Photoionization (HII)
& Photoelectric
Stellar Feedback: How Can We Do Better?
! High-resolution (~1-10 pc), molecular/metal cooling (~10 K), SF at nH > 100 cm-3
![Page 11: What Doesn’t Quench Galaxy Formation?QNQ/Slides/PhilHopkins.pdfPhil Hopkins! Dusan Keres, Claude Faucher-Giguere, Jose Onorbe, Freeke van de Voort, Sasha Muratov, Xiangcheng Ma,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081617/604ff4b1ad0c920b911d25bb/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
! Energy/Mass/Metal Injection: ! SNe (II & Ia) ! Stellar Winds (O & AGB) ! Photoionization (HII)
& Photoelectric
! Momentum Flux: ! Radiation Pressure !!
! SNe !!
! Stellar Winds
Prad ⇠ L
c(1 + �IR)
PSNe ⇠ ESNe v�1ejecta
PW ⇠ M vwind
Stellar Feedback: How Can We Do Better?
! High-resolution (~1-10 pc), molecular/metal cooling (~10 K), SF at nH > 100 cm-3
![Page 12: What Doesn’t Quench Galaxy Formation?QNQ/Slides/PhilHopkins.pdfPhil Hopkins! Dusan Keres, Claude Faucher-Giguere, Jose Onorbe, Freeke van de Voort, Sasha Muratov, Xiangcheng Ma,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081617/604ff4b1ad0c920b911d25bb/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
! Energy/Mass/Metal Injection: ! SNe (II & Ia) ! Stellar Winds (O & AGB) ! Photoionization (HII)
& Photoelectric
! Momentum Flux: ! Radiation Pressure !!
! SNe !!
! Stellar Winds
Prad ⇠ L
c(1 + �IR)
PSNe ⇠ ESNe v�1ejecta
PW ⇠ M vwind
Stellar Feedback: How Can We Do Better?
! High-resolution (~1-10 pc), molecular/metal cooling (~10 K), SF at nH > 100 cm-3
! (also MHD, anisotropic conduction, diffusion)
![Page 13: What Doesn’t Quench Galaxy Formation?QNQ/Slides/PhilHopkins.pdfPhil Hopkins! Dusan Keres, Claude Faucher-Giguere, Jose Onorbe, Freeke van de Voort, Sasha Muratov, Xiangcheng Ma,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081617/604ff4b1ad0c920b911d25bb/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: What Doesn’t Quench Galaxy Formation?QNQ/Slides/PhilHopkins.pdfPhil Hopkins! Dusan Keres, Claude Faucher-Giguere, Jose Onorbe, Freeke van de Voort, Sasha Muratov, Xiangcheng Ma,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081617/604ff4b1ad0c920b911d25bb/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: What Doesn’t Quench Galaxy Formation?QNQ/Slides/PhilHopkins.pdfPhil Hopkins! Dusan Keres, Claude Faucher-Giguere, Jose Onorbe, Freeke van de Voort, Sasha Muratov, Xiangcheng Ma,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081617/604ff4b1ad0c920b911d25bb/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
The FIRE Project: Cosmological Simulations at 1-10pc resolution
![Page 16: What Doesn’t Quench Galaxy Formation?QNQ/Slides/PhilHopkins.pdfPhil Hopkins! Dusan Keres, Claude Faucher-Giguere, Jose Onorbe, Freeke van de Voort, Sasha Muratov, Xiangcheng Ma,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081617/604ff4b1ad0c920b911d25bb/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Cosmological Simulations NO PARAMETERS ADJUSTED! REALLY!
PFH, Keres, et al. (arXiv:1311.2073)
![Page 17: What Doesn’t Quench Galaxy Formation?QNQ/Slides/PhilHopkins.pdfPhil Hopkins! Dusan Keres, Claude Faucher-Giguere, Jose Onorbe, Freeke van de Voort, Sasha Muratov, Xiangcheng Ma,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081617/604ff4b1ad0c920b911d25bb/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Cosmological Simulations NO PARAMETERS ADJUSTED! REALLY!
PFH, Keres, et al. (arXiv:1311.2073)
No Feedback
![Page 18: What Doesn’t Quench Galaxy Formation?QNQ/Slides/PhilHopkins.pdfPhil Hopkins! Dusan Keres, Claude Faucher-Giguere, Jose Onorbe, Freeke van de Voort, Sasha Muratov, Xiangcheng Ma,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081617/604ff4b1ad0c920b911d25bb/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
with feedbackno feedback
Kennicutt-Schmidt relation emerges naturally ISOLATED GALAXIES
PFH, Quataert, & Murray, 2011a
![Page 19: What Doesn’t Quench Galaxy Formation?QNQ/Slides/PhilHopkins.pdfPhil Hopkins! Dusan Keres, Claude Faucher-Giguere, Jose Onorbe, Freeke van de Voort, Sasha Muratov, Xiangcheng Ma,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081617/604ff4b1ad0c920b911d25bb/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
with feedbackno feedback
Kennicutt-Schmidt relation emerges naturally ISOLATED GALAXIES
PFH, Quataert, & Murray, 2011a
⌃⇤ ⇠ ⌃gas/⌧dyn
![Page 20: What Doesn’t Quench Galaxy Formation?QNQ/Slides/PhilHopkins.pdfPhil Hopkins! Dusan Keres, Claude Faucher-Giguere, Jose Onorbe, Freeke van de Voort, Sasha Muratov, Xiangcheng Ma,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081617/604ff4b1ad0c920b911d25bb/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
with feedbackno feedback
Kennicutt-Schmidt relation emerges naturally ISOLATED GALAXIES
PFH, Quataert, & Murray, 2011a
⌃⇤ ⇠ ⌃gas/⌧dyn ⌃⇤ ⇠ 0.02⌃gas/⌧dyn
![Page 21: What Doesn’t Quench Galaxy Formation?QNQ/Slides/PhilHopkins.pdfPhil Hopkins! Dusan Keres, Claude Faucher-Giguere, Jose Onorbe, Freeke van de Voort, Sasha Muratov, Xiangcheng Ma,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081617/604ff4b1ad0c920b911d25bb/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
(Galactic) Star Formation Rates are INDEPENDENT of how stars form!
Hopkins, Quataert, & Murray 2011 also Saitoh et al. 2008
SF Density ThresholdEfficiency (SF per tdyn) Index (SFR ~ )
![Page 22: What Doesn’t Quench Galaxy Formation?QNQ/Slides/PhilHopkins.pdfPhil Hopkins! Dusan Keres, Claude Faucher-Giguere, Jose Onorbe, Freeke van de Voort, Sasha Muratov, Xiangcheng Ma,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081617/604ff4b1ad0c920b911d25bb/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
(Galactic) Star Formation Rates are INDEPENDENT of how stars form!
Hopkins, Quataert, & Murray 2011 also Saitoh et al. 2008
SF Density ThresholdEfficiency (SF per tdyn) Index (SFR ~ )
! Set by feedback (SFR) needed to maintain marginal stability
![Page 23: What Doesn’t Quench Galaxy Formation?QNQ/Slides/PhilHopkins.pdfPhil Hopkins! Dusan Keres, Claude Faucher-Giguere, Jose Onorbe, Freeke van de Voort, Sasha Muratov, Xiangcheng Ma,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081617/604ff4b1ad0c920b911d25bb/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Inflows & Outflows
![Page 24: What Doesn’t Quench Galaxy Formation?QNQ/Slides/PhilHopkins.pdfPhil Hopkins! Dusan Keres, Claude Faucher-Giguere, Jose Onorbe, Freeke van de Voort, Sasha Muratov, Xiangcheng Ma,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081617/604ff4b1ad0c920b911d25bb/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
“Decoupled Winds” (Sub-Grid) Following Explicit Feedback
Proto-MW: Gas Temperature:
Simplest Sub-Grid Is Not Enough WE NEED TO DO BETTER!
PFH, Keres, et al. (arXiv:1311.2073)
![Page 25: What Doesn’t Quench Galaxy Formation?QNQ/Slides/PhilHopkins.pdfPhil Hopkins! Dusan Keres, Claude Faucher-Giguere, Jose Onorbe, Freeke van de Voort, Sasha Muratov, Xiangcheng Ma,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081617/604ff4b1ad0c920b911d25bb/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
“Decoupled Winds” (Sub-Grid) Following Explicit Feedback
Proto-MW: Gas Temperature:
Simplest Sub-Grid Is Not Enough WE NEED TO DO BETTER!
PFH, Keres, et al. (arXiv:1311.2073)
![Page 26: What Doesn’t Quench Galaxy Formation?QNQ/Slides/PhilHopkins.pdfPhil Hopkins! Dusan Keres, Claude Faucher-Giguere, Jose Onorbe, Freeke van de Voort, Sasha Muratov, Xiangcheng Ma,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081617/604ff4b1ad0c920b911d25bb/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
“Decoupled Winds” (Sub-Grid) Following Explicit Feedback
Proto-MW: Gas Temperature:
Simplest Sub-Grid Is Not Enough WE NEED TO DO BETTER!
PFH, Keres, et al. (arXiv:1311.2073)
![Page 27: What Doesn’t Quench Galaxy Formation?QNQ/Slides/PhilHopkins.pdfPhil Hopkins! Dusan Keres, Claude Faucher-Giguere, Jose Onorbe, Freeke van de Voort, Sasha Muratov, Xiangcheng Ma,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081617/604ff4b1ad0c920b911d25bb/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Does Stellar Feedback Explain the Mass Function? HOW EFFICIENT ARE GALACTIC WINDS?
log (Mhalo
/ M�)
M⇤= fbar
y
o
n
Mh
a
l
o
PFH, Keres, et al. (arXiv:1311.2073)
![Page 28: What Doesn’t Quench Galaxy Formation?QNQ/Slides/PhilHopkins.pdfPhil Hopkins! Dusan Keres, Claude Faucher-Giguere, Jose Onorbe, Freeke van de Voort, Sasha Muratov, Xiangcheng Ma,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081617/604ff4b1ad0c920b911d25bb/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
But Feedback Does Matter MULTIPLE FEEDBACK MECHANISMS ARE CRITICAL
PFH, Keres, et al. (arXiv:1311.2073)
![Page 29: What Doesn’t Quench Galaxy Formation?QNQ/Slides/PhilHopkins.pdfPhil Hopkins! Dusan Keres, Claude Faucher-Giguere, Jose Onorbe, Freeke van de Voort, Sasha Muratov, Xiangcheng Ma,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081617/604ff4b1ad0c920b911d25bb/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
But Feedback Does Matter MULTIPLE FEEDBACK MECHANISMS ARE CRITICAL
PFH, Keres, et al. (arXiv:1311.2073)
![Page 30: What Doesn’t Quench Galaxy Formation?QNQ/Slides/PhilHopkins.pdfPhil Hopkins! Dusan Keres, Claude Faucher-Giguere, Jose Onorbe, Freeke van de Voort, Sasha Muratov, Xiangcheng Ma,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081617/604ff4b1ad0c920b911d25bb/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Feedback Determines the Halo Gas Properties NEED TO PREDICT OUTFLOW MASS, VELOCITY, & GAS PHASE
Faucher-Giguere, PFH, et al.
![Page 31: What Doesn’t Quench Galaxy Formation?QNQ/Slides/PhilHopkins.pdfPhil Hopkins! Dusan Keres, Claude Faucher-Giguere, Jose Onorbe, Freeke van de Voort, Sasha Muratov, Xiangcheng Ma,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081617/604ff4b1ad0c920b911d25bb/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Quenching: Non-AGN Mechanisms FAIL MORE THAN GRAVITY, COOLING, STARS, & MHD
log (Mhalo
/ M�)
! Morphology? (are bulge-dominated)
![Page 32: What Doesn’t Quench Galaxy Formation?QNQ/Slides/PhilHopkins.pdfPhil Hopkins! Dusan Keres, Claude Faucher-Giguere, Jose Onorbe, Freeke van de Voort, Sasha Muratov, Xiangcheng Ma,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081617/604ff4b1ad0c920b911d25bb/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Quenching: Non-AGN Mechanisms FAIL MORE THAN GRAVITY, COOLING, STARS, & MHD
log (Mhalo
/ M�)
SFR
! Morphology? (are bulge-dominated)
![Page 33: What Doesn’t Quench Galaxy Formation?QNQ/Slides/PhilHopkins.pdfPhil Hopkins! Dusan Keres, Claude Faucher-Giguere, Jose Onorbe, Freeke van de Voort, Sasha Muratov, Xiangcheng Ma,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081617/604ff4b1ad0c920b911d25bb/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Quenching: Non-AGN Mechanisms FAIL MORE THAN GRAVITY, COOLING, STARS, & MHD
log (Mhalo
/ M�)
SFR
! Morphology? (are bulge-dominated)
! Clumps/Gravity? (resolution ~10^4 Msun)
![Page 34: What Doesn’t Quench Galaxy Formation?QNQ/Slides/PhilHopkins.pdfPhil Hopkins! Dusan Keres, Claude Faucher-Giguere, Jose Onorbe, Freeke van de Voort, Sasha Muratov, Xiangcheng Ma,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081617/604ff4b1ad0c920b911d25bb/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Quenching: Non-AGN Mechanisms FAIL MORE THAN GRAVITY, COOLING, STARS, & MHD
log (Mhalo
/ M�)
SFR
! Morphology? (are bulge-dominated)
! Clumps/Gravity? (resolution ~10^4 Msun)
! MHD/Conduction? (new runs included) !
!
![Page 35: What Doesn’t Quench Galaxy Formation?QNQ/Slides/PhilHopkins.pdfPhil Hopkins! Dusan Keres, Claude Faucher-Giguere, Jose Onorbe, Freeke van de Voort, Sasha Muratov, Xiangcheng Ma,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081617/604ff4b1ad0c920b911d25bb/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Quenching: Non-AGN Mechanisms FAIL MORE THAN GRAVITY, COOLING, STARS, & MHD
log (Mhalo
/ M�)
SFR
! Morphology? (are bulge-dominated)
! Clumps/Gravity? (resolution ~10^4 Msun)
! MHD/Conduction? (new runs included) !
!
! Stars? (late-time AGB/SNIa included) !
!
![Page 36: What Doesn’t Quench Galaxy Formation?QNQ/Slides/PhilHopkins.pdfPhil Hopkins! Dusan Keres, Claude Faucher-Giguere, Jose Onorbe, Freeke van de Voort, Sasha Muratov, Xiangcheng Ma,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081617/604ff4b1ad0c920b911d25bb/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Galaxies Just Keep Plugging Along NO “QUENCHED” TRACK
![Page 37: What Doesn’t Quench Galaxy Formation?QNQ/Slides/PhilHopkins.pdfPhil Hopkins! Dusan Keres, Claude Faucher-Giguere, Jose Onorbe, Freeke van de Voort, Sasha Muratov, Xiangcheng Ma,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081617/604ff4b1ad0c920b911d25bb/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Lesson 1: Don’t Trust Models that Don’t Do Stars Right SMALL GALAXIES BECOME BIG GALAXIES
Observed
No Feedback
Num
ber D
ensit
y
Mstars [M�]
Oppenheimer & Dave
![Page 38: What Doesn’t Quench Galaxy Formation?QNQ/Slides/PhilHopkins.pdfPhil Hopkins! Dusan Keres, Claude Faucher-Giguere, Jose Onorbe, Freeke van de Voort, Sasha Muratov, Xiangcheng Ma,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081617/604ff4b1ad0c920b911d25bb/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Lesson 1: Don’t Trust Models that Don’t Do Stars Right SMALL GALAXIES BECOME BIG GALAXIES
Observed
No Feedback
Num
ber D
ensit
y
Mstars [M�]
Stellar, no AGN Feedback
Observed
Oppenheimer & Dave
![Page 39: What Doesn’t Quench Galaxy Formation?QNQ/Slides/PhilHopkins.pdfPhil Hopkins! Dusan Keres, Claude Faucher-Giguere, Jose Onorbe, Freeke van de Voort, Sasha Muratov, Xiangcheng Ma,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081617/604ff4b1ad0c920b911d25bb/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Lesson 1: Don’t Trust Models that Don’t Do Stars Right SMALL GALAXIES BECOME BIG GALAXIES
“Decoupled Winds” (Sub-Grid) Following Explicit Feedback
![Page 40: What Doesn’t Quench Galaxy Formation?QNQ/Slides/PhilHopkins.pdfPhil Hopkins! Dusan Keres, Claude Faucher-Giguere, Jose Onorbe, Freeke van de Voort, Sasha Muratov, Xiangcheng Ma,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081617/604ff4b1ad0c920b911d25bb/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Lesson 1: Don’t Trust Models that Don’t Do Stars Right SMALL GALAXIES BECOME BIG GALAXIES
“Decoupled Winds” (Sub-Grid) Following Explicit Feedback
![Page 41: What Doesn’t Quench Galaxy Formation?QNQ/Slides/PhilHopkins.pdfPhil Hopkins! Dusan Keres, Claude Faucher-Giguere, Jose Onorbe, Freeke van de Voort, Sasha Muratov, Xiangcheng Ma,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081617/604ff4b1ad0c920b911d25bb/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Lesson 1: Don’t Trust Models that Don’t Do Stars Right SMALL GALAXIES BECOME BIG GALAXIES
“Decoupled Winds” (Sub-Grid) Following Explicit Feedback
![Page 42: What Doesn’t Quench Galaxy Formation?QNQ/Slides/PhilHopkins.pdfPhil Hopkins! Dusan Keres, Claude Faucher-Giguere, Jose Onorbe, Freeke van de Voort, Sasha Muratov, Xiangcheng Ma,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081617/604ff4b1ad0c920b911d25bb/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Lesson 2: “Shutting Down” Star Formation in the Disk WHY IT’S HARD
![Page 43: What Doesn’t Quench Galaxy Formation?QNQ/Slides/PhilHopkins.pdfPhil Hopkins! Dusan Keres, Claude Faucher-Giguere, Jose Onorbe, Freeke van de Voort, Sasha Muratov, Xiangcheng Ma,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081617/604ff4b1ad0c920b911d25bb/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Lesson 2: “Shutting Down” Star Formation in the Disk WHY IT’S HARD
![Page 44: What Doesn’t Quench Galaxy Formation?QNQ/Slides/PhilHopkins.pdfPhil Hopkins! Dusan Keres, Claude Faucher-Giguere, Jose Onorbe, Freeke van de Voort, Sasha Muratov, Xiangcheng Ma,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081617/604ff4b1ad0c920b911d25bb/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Lesson 2: “Shutting Down” Star Formation in the Disk WHY IT’S HARD
! Self-Regulated SF (K-S)
![Page 45: What Doesn’t Quench Galaxy Formation?QNQ/Slides/PhilHopkins.pdfPhil Hopkins! Dusan Keres, Claude Faucher-Giguere, Jose Onorbe, Freeke van de Voort, Sasha Muratov, Xiangcheng Ma,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081617/604ff4b1ad0c920b911d25bb/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Lesson 2: “Shutting Down” Star Formation in the Disk WHY IT’S HARD
! Self-Regulated SF (K-S) ! Suppressed SF
![Page 46: What Doesn’t Quench Galaxy Formation?QNQ/Slides/PhilHopkins.pdfPhil Hopkins! Dusan Keres, Claude Faucher-Giguere, Jose Onorbe, Freeke van de Voort, Sasha Muratov, Xiangcheng Ma,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081617/604ff4b1ad0c920b911d25bb/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
“Shutting Down” Star Formation: GAS DEPLETION NEEDED
![Page 47: What Doesn’t Quench Galaxy Formation?QNQ/Slides/PhilHopkins.pdfPhil Hopkins! Dusan Keres, Claude Faucher-Giguere, Jose Onorbe, Freeke van de Voort, Sasha Muratov, Xiangcheng Ma,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081617/604ff4b1ad0c920b911d25bb/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
“Shutting Down” Star Formation: GAS DEPLETION NEEDED
![Page 48: What Doesn’t Quench Galaxy Formation?QNQ/Slides/PhilHopkins.pdfPhil Hopkins! Dusan Keres, Claude Faucher-Giguere, Jose Onorbe, Freeke van de Voort, Sasha Muratov, Xiangcheng Ma,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081617/604ff4b1ad0c920b911d25bb/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
“Shutting Down” Star Formation: GAS DEPLETION NEEDED
![Page 49: What Doesn’t Quench Galaxy Formation?QNQ/Slides/PhilHopkins.pdfPhil Hopkins! Dusan Keres, Claude Faucher-Giguere, Jose Onorbe, Freeke van de Voort, Sasha Muratov, Xiangcheng Ma,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081617/604ff4b1ad0c920b911d25bb/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
“Shutting Down” Star Formation: GAS DEPLETION NEEDED
ok, let’s raise
![Page 50: What Doesn’t Quench Galaxy Formation?QNQ/Slides/PhilHopkins.pdfPhil Hopkins! Dusan Keres, Claude Faucher-Giguere, Jose Onorbe, Freeke van de Voort, Sasha Muratov, Xiangcheng Ma,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081617/604ff4b1ad0c920b911d25bb/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
“Shutting Down” Star Formation: GAS DEPLETION NEEDED
ok, let’s raise
![Page 51: What Doesn’t Quench Galaxy Formation?QNQ/Slides/PhilHopkins.pdfPhil Hopkins! Dusan Keres, Claude Faucher-Giguere, Jose Onorbe, Freeke van de Voort, Sasha Muratov, Xiangcheng Ma,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081617/604ff4b1ad0c920b911d25bb/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
“Shutting Down” Star Formation: GAS DEPLETION NEEDED
![Page 52: What Doesn’t Quench Galaxy Formation?QNQ/Slides/PhilHopkins.pdfPhil Hopkins! Dusan Keres, Claude Faucher-Giguere, Jose Onorbe, Freeke van de Voort, Sasha Muratov, Xiangcheng Ma,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081617/604ff4b1ad0c920b911d25bb/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
“Shutting Down” Star Formation: GAS DEPLETION NEEDED
![Page 53: What Doesn’t Quench Galaxy Formation?QNQ/Slides/PhilHopkins.pdfPhil Hopkins! Dusan Keres, Claude Faucher-Giguere, Jose Onorbe, Freeke van de Voort, Sasha Muratov, Xiangcheng Ma,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081617/604ff4b1ad0c920b911d25bb/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
“Shutting Down” Star Formation: GAS DEPLETION NEEDED
can’t self shield (T~104 K):
![Page 54: What Doesn’t Quench Galaxy Formation?QNQ/Slides/PhilHopkins.pdfPhil Hopkins! Dusan Keres, Claude Faucher-Giguere, Jose Onorbe, Freeke van de Voort, Sasha Muratov, Xiangcheng Ma,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081617/604ff4b1ad0c920b911d25bb/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
“Shutting Down” Star Formation: GAS DEPLETION NEEDED
can’t self shield (T~104 K):
M83
M101
![Page 55: What Doesn’t Quench Galaxy Formation?QNQ/Slides/PhilHopkins.pdfPhil Hopkins! Dusan Keres, Claude Faucher-Giguere, Jose Onorbe, Freeke van de Voort, Sasha Muratov, Xiangcheng Ma,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081617/604ff4b1ad0c920b911d25bb/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
“Shutting Down” Star Formation: GAS DEPLETION NEEDED
can’t self shield (T~104 K):
M83
M101
![Page 56: What Doesn’t Quench Galaxy Formation?QNQ/Slides/PhilHopkins.pdfPhil Hopkins! Dusan Keres, Claude Faucher-Giguere, Jose Onorbe, Freeke van de Voort, Sasha Muratov, Xiangcheng Ma,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081617/604ff4b1ad0c920b911d25bb/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Can “Morphology” Do It? Morphological/‘Toomre’/Dynamical Quenching (Martig, Dekel,+)
![Page 57: What Doesn’t Quench Galaxy Formation?QNQ/Slides/PhilHopkins.pdfPhil Hopkins! Dusan Keres, Claude Faucher-Giguere, Jose Onorbe, Freeke van de Voort, Sasha Muratov, Xiangcheng Ma,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081617/604ff4b1ad0c920b911d25bb/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Can “Morphology” Do It? Morphological/‘Toomre’/Dynamical Quenching (Martig, Dekel,+)
![Page 58: What Doesn’t Quench Galaxy Formation?QNQ/Slides/PhilHopkins.pdfPhil Hopkins! Dusan Keres, Claude Faucher-Giguere, Jose Onorbe, Freeke van de Voort, Sasha Muratov, Xiangcheng Ma,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081617/604ff4b1ad0c920b911d25bb/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Can “Morphology” Do It? Morphological/‘Toomre’/Dynamical Quenching (Martig, Dekel,+)
![Page 59: What Doesn’t Quench Galaxy Formation?QNQ/Slides/PhilHopkins.pdfPhil Hopkins! Dusan Keres, Claude Faucher-Giguere, Jose Onorbe, Freeke van de Voort, Sasha Muratov, Xiangcheng Ma,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081617/604ff4b1ad0c920b911d25bb/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Can “Morphology” Do It? Morphological/‘Toomre’/Dynamical Quenching (Martig, Dekel,+)
![Page 60: What Doesn’t Quench Galaxy Formation?QNQ/Slides/PhilHopkins.pdfPhil Hopkins! Dusan Keres, Claude Faucher-Giguere, Jose Onorbe, Freeke van de Voort, Sasha Muratov, Xiangcheng Ma,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081617/604ff4b1ad0c920b911d25bb/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Can Stars Do It? SNIa, AGB (Conroy+, Ostriker, Novak)
![Page 61: What Doesn’t Quench Galaxy Formation?QNQ/Slides/PhilHopkins.pdfPhil Hopkins! Dusan Keres, Claude Faucher-Giguere, Jose Onorbe, Freeke van de Voort, Sasha Muratov, Xiangcheng Ma,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081617/604ff4b1ad0c920b911d25bb/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Can Stars Do It? SNIa, AGB (Conroy+, Ostriker, Novak)
![Page 62: What Doesn’t Quench Galaxy Formation?QNQ/Slides/PhilHopkins.pdfPhil Hopkins! Dusan Keres, Claude Faucher-Giguere, Jose Onorbe, Freeke van de Voort, Sasha Muratov, Xiangcheng Ma,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081617/604ff4b1ad0c920b911d25bb/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Can Stars Do It? SNIa, AGB (Conroy+, Ostriker, Novak)
![Page 63: What Doesn’t Quench Galaxy Formation?QNQ/Slides/PhilHopkins.pdfPhil Hopkins! Dusan Keres, Claude Faucher-Giguere, Jose Onorbe, Freeke van de Voort, Sasha Muratov, Xiangcheng Ma,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081617/604ff4b1ad0c920b911d25bb/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Can Stars Do It? SNIa, AGB (Conroy+, Ostriker, Novak)
![Page 64: What Doesn’t Quench Galaxy Formation?QNQ/Slides/PhilHopkins.pdfPhil Hopkins! Dusan Keres, Claude Faucher-Giguere, Jose Onorbe, Freeke van de Voort, Sasha Muratov, Xiangcheng Ma,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081617/604ff4b1ad0c920b911d25bb/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Can Stars Do It? SNIa, AGB (Conroy+, Ostriker, Novak)
![Page 65: What Doesn’t Quench Galaxy Formation?QNQ/Slides/PhilHopkins.pdfPhil Hopkins! Dusan Keres, Claude Faucher-Giguere, Jose Onorbe, Freeke van de Voort, Sasha Muratov, Xiangcheng Ma,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081617/604ff4b1ad0c920b911d25bb/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Can Stars Do It? SNIa, AGB (Conroy+, Ostriker, Novak)
![Page 66: What Doesn’t Quench Galaxy Formation?QNQ/Slides/PhilHopkins.pdfPhil Hopkins! Dusan Keres, Claude Faucher-Giguere, Jose Onorbe, Freeke van de Voort, Sasha Muratov, Xiangcheng Ma,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081617/604ff4b1ad0c920b911d25bb/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Can Stars Do It? SNIa, AGB (Conroy+, Ostriker, Novak)
![Page 67: What Doesn’t Quench Galaxy Formation?QNQ/Slides/PhilHopkins.pdfPhil Hopkins! Dusan Keres, Claude Faucher-Giguere, Jose Onorbe, Freeke van de Voort, Sasha Muratov, Xiangcheng Ma,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081617/604ff4b1ad0c920b911d25bb/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
![Page 68: What Doesn’t Quench Galaxy Formation?QNQ/Slides/PhilHopkins.pdfPhil Hopkins! Dusan Keres, Claude Faucher-Giguere, Jose Onorbe, Freeke van de Voort, Sasha Muratov, Xiangcheng Ma,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081617/604ff4b1ad0c920b911d25bb/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
![Page 69: What Doesn’t Quench Galaxy Formation?QNQ/Slides/PhilHopkins.pdfPhil Hopkins! Dusan Keres, Claude Faucher-Giguere, Jose Onorbe, Freeke van de Voort, Sasha Muratov, Xiangcheng Ma,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081617/604ff4b1ad0c920b911d25bb/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
![Page 70: What Doesn’t Quench Galaxy Formation?QNQ/Slides/PhilHopkins.pdfPhil Hopkins! Dusan Keres, Claude Faucher-Giguere, Jose Onorbe, Freeke van de Voort, Sasha Muratov, Xiangcheng Ma,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081617/604ff4b1ad0c920b911d25bb/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
Can Stars Do It? SNIa, AGB (Conroy+, Ostriker, Novak)
NO
![Page 71: What Doesn’t Quench Galaxy Formation?QNQ/Slides/PhilHopkins.pdfPhil Hopkins! Dusan Keres, Claude Faucher-Giguere, Jose Onorbe, Freeke van de Voort, Sasha Muratov, Xiangcheng Ma,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081617/604ff4b1ad0c920b911d25bb/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
Virial shock-heating, stirring by clumps/substructure keeps 90% of gas hot
Can Gravitational Heating Do It? IMPORTANT, BUT … NO
![Page 72: What Doesn’t Quench Galaxy Formation?QNQ/Slides/PhilHopkins.pdfPhil Hopkins! Dusan Keres, Claude Faucher-Giguere, Jose Onorbe, Freeke van de Voort, Sasha Muratov, Xiangcheng Ma,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081617/604ff4b1ad0c920b911d25bb/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
Virial shock-heating, stirring by clumps/substructure keeps 90% of gas hot
Can Gravitational Heating Do It? IMPORTANT, BUT … NO
SFR
![Page 73: What Doesn’t Quench Galaxy Formation?QNQ/Slides/PhilHopkins.pdfPhil Hopkins! Dusan Keres, Claude Faucher-Giguere, Jose Onorbe, Freeke van de Voort, Sasha Muratov, Xiangcheng Ma,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081617/604ff4b1ad0c920b911d25bb/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
Virial shock-heating, stirring by clumps/substructure keeps 90% of gas hot
Can Gravitational Heating Do It? IMPORTANT, BUT … NO
SFR
![Page 74: What Doesn’t Quench Galaxy Formation?QNQ/Slides/PhilHopkins.pdfPhil Hopkins! Dusan Keres, Claude Faucher-Giguere, Jose Onorbe, Freeke van de Voort, Sasha Muratov, Xiangcheng Ma,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081617/604ff4b1ad0c920b911d25bb/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
Virial shock-heating, stirring by clumps/substructure keeps 90% of gas hot
Can Gravitational Heating Do It? IMPORTANT, BUT … NO
SFR
![Page 75: What Doesn’t Quench Galaxy Formation?QNQ/Slides/PhilHopkins.pdfPhil Hopkins! Dusan Keres, Claude Faucher-Giguere, Jose Onorbe, Freeke van de Voort, Sasha Muratov, Xiangcheng Ma,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081617/604ff4b1ad0c920b911d25bb/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
Virial shock-heating, stirring by clumps/substructure keeps 90% of gas hot
Can Gravitational Heating Do It? IMPORTANT, BUT … NO
SFR
![Page 76: What Doesn’t Quench Galaxy Formation?QNQ/Slides/PhilHopkins.pdfPhil Hopkins! Dusan Keres, Claude Faucher-Giguere, Jose Onorbe, Freeke van de Voort, Sasha Muratov, Xiangcheng Ma,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081617/604ff4b1ad0c920b911d25bb/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
Pressure-Entropy Formulation (P-GADGET)
Density Formulation (“Old” GADGET)
Keres et al., in prep
Gravitational Heating NOT AS MANY CLUMPS THESE DAYS!
Not enough clumps, & existing ones are too metal-rich (join the cooling flow)
![Page 77: What Doesn’t Quench Galaxy Formation?QNQ/Slides/PhilHopkins.pdfPhil Hopkins! Dusan Keres, Claude Faucher-Giguere, Jose Onorbe, Freeke van de Voort, Sasha Muratov, Xiangcheng Ma,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081617/604ff4b1ad0c920b911d25bb/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
Can MHD & Conduction Do It? NO
SFR
(who
le b
ox)
Redshift z0 62 4
1000
100
10
No MHD/!Conduction
With MHD+!Conduction
![Page 78: What Doesn’t Quench Galaxy Formation?QNQ/Slides/PhilHopkins.pdfPhil Hopkins! Dusan Keres, Claude Faucher-Giguere, Jose Onorbe, Freeke van de Voort, Sasha Muratov, Xiangcheng Ma,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081617/604ff4b1ad0c920b911d25bb/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
Can MHD & Conduction Do It? NO
! Conduction doesn’t save us: ! Magnetic Instabilities (HBI; Quataert ’08) ! Inefficient in halos < 1014 MSUN !
!
SFR
(who
le b
ox)
Redshift z0 62 4
1000
100
10
No MHD/!Conduction
With MHD+!Conduction
![Page 79: What Doesn’t Quench Galaxy Formation?QNQ/Slides/PhilHopkins.pdfPhil Hopkins! Dusan Keres, Claude Faucher-Giguere, Jose Onorbe, Freeke van de Voort, Sasha Muratov, Xiangcheng Ma,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081617/604ff4b1ad0c920b911d25bb/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
! Star formation is Feedback-Regulated: independent of small-scale SF ! Enough stars to offset gravity = Kennicutt relation, winds, sub-MW galaxies !
! Something else needed to “quench” ! Deplete disks ( < 10 Msun/pc2) & Prevent Cooling ! Need to get stars+ISM right
!! Old Stars: Not enough energy, and too many metals! ! Conduction: Not efficient at low-mass halos, suppressed by MHD instabilities ! Morphology Alone: Can’t stop cooling! (in the disk or from the halo) ! Gravitational Heating: Not enough. Too few clumps, too far out, too many metals.
![Page 80: What Doesn’t Quench Galaxy Formation?QNQ/Slides/PhilHopkins.pdfPhil Hopkins! Dusan Keres, Claude Faucher-Giguere, Jose Onorbe, Freeke van de Voort, Sasha Muratov, Xiangcheng Ma,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081617/604ff4b1ad0c920b911d25bb/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
! Star formation is Feedback-Regulated: independent of small-scale SF ! Enough stars to offset gravity = Kennicutt relation, winds, sub-MW galaxies !
! Something else needed to “quench” ! Deplete disks ( < 10 Msun/pc2) & Prevent Cooling ! Need to get stars+ISM right
!! Old Stars: Not enough energy, and too many metals! ! Conduction: Not efficient at low-mass halos, suppressed by MHD instabilities ! Morphology Alone: Can’t stop cooling! (in the disk or from the halo) ! Gravitational Heating: Not enough. Too few clumps, too far out, too many metals.