What does this all mean?

The JIA created:• The ITER Organization (IO), a public international

organization, as the agent for the 7 Members to realize the purpose of the ITER – to demonstrate the scientific and technological feasibility of fusion energy for peaceful purposes.

• The ITER Council, the governing board of directors, a group of equals from the Members (meets twice/year).

• The Council, aided by advisory committees, directs the IO

The Director General (DG) of the IO reports to the ITER Council

The Council approves the DG and the DG’s management structure and establishes performance expectations

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What does this all mean?

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ITER Organization Structure

What does this all mean?

Each Member is committed to supply to the IO its share of in-kind hardware, personnel, and cash for construction

The European Union, as host, has a 5/11th (45.45%) share of construction. The U.S., as one of 6 non-host Members, has a 1/11th (9.09%) share of construction

The U.S. Department of Energy is the sole U.S. agency responsible for satisfying the U.S. commitments of the JIA

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Value Proposition: With a ~ 10% investment, the U.S. gets 100% of the intellectual property obtained from ITER operation

What does this all mean?

As its agent, DOE created the U.S. ITER Project Office to manage the process of meeting its commitments

The project office is located at Oak Ridge National Laboratory

There are 2 other partners – Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory and Savannah River National Laboratory

Similarly, each Member has created its own Domestic Agency (DA)

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Toroidal Field Coils (18)

Poloidal Field Coils (6)

Cryostat

Thermal Shield

Vacuum Vessel

Feeders (31)

Who Manufactures What?

Divertor Central Solenoid (6)Correction Coils (18)

Blanket

US In-kind Hardware Contributions

ORNL100% Central Solenoid

Windings+ JA Support

ORNL8% of Toroidal

Field Conductor+ JA Support

ORNL100% Pellet Injector

100% Disruption Mitigation

ORNLBlanket/Shield

(design only)

ORNL100% Tokamak Cooling

Water System

PPPL 75% Steady StateElectrical Network

PPPL14% of Port-based

Diagnostics

ORNL88% Ion Cyclotron

Transmission Lines

ORNL88% Electron

Cyclotron Transmission Lines

PPPLIn-Vessel Coils

(prelim. design only)

ORNL100% Roughing Pumps,

Vacuum Standard Components

SRNL100% Tokamak Exhaust

Processing System

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Over 80% of Project Funding will be Spent in the US

As of December 2013, over $572M has been awarded to US industry and universities, and obligated to DOE national laboratories in 40 states plus the District of Columbia.

Note: This data does not reflect contracts awarded to US Industry by the EU (>$55M) or Korea (>$23M)

So where are we now?

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The site has been prepared since 2009

Civil construction began in 2010 and is accelerating

R&D and Design are winding down; fabrication of the In-Kind Hardware is accelerating

The first major U.S. delivery of In-Kind hardware to the IO will be made January 2015 (5 massive, nuclear-grade, drain tanks)

Members assert that the commitment exists to follow through with funding requirements yet the schedule is still being determined

The ITER era has begun: Building construction is underway

CEA Cadarache Site

ITER Temporary Headquarters

ITER siteHQ construction

Tokamak pit excavation

PF coil winding buildingconstruction

A general view of the 42-hectare ITER platform (~100 acres), December 2010

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Civil Construction is well underway

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Progress:Tokamak Pit

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Major Progress:Assembly Building

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Photo: ITER Organization • June 2013

Major Progress: Poloidal Field Coil Winding Facility

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Major Progress:ITER Cryostat Building

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Major Progress:ITER Headquarters Building

FESAC/Sauthoff 55

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Fabrication of ITER Components by Global Partners is UnderwayFabrication of ITER Components by Global Partners is Underway

TF Conductor Fabrication by 6 Domestic Agency Contributors

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EU – Buildings, TF Coils, Vacuum Vessel, and Neutral Beam Injection

First double pancake prototype being wound for toroidalfield conductor

A mock-up of the under-port portion of the vacuum vessel

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Full scale NBI tests will be conducted at Padua site now under construction.

1MW gyrotron for plasma heating &current drive and mode suppression

Japan – TF Coilsand 170 GHz Gyrotron

B3Segment

TF Coil ~325 metric tons16 m tall x 9 m wide

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Korea – Vacuum Vessel Segmentsand Power Convertor Systems

Prototype of the AC/DC power converter for the ITER vertical stabilization coils.

Manufacturing of an ITER vacuum vessel segment in Korea

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Russia – Poloidal Field Magnet Conductor Development and 170 GHz Gyrotron

1MW gyrotron for plasma heating andcurrent drive plus mode suppression

A copper dummy conductor fabricated for the PF1 coil

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China – Poloidal Field Conductor

Poloidal field dummy conductor was delivered from China to the ITER site in June 2013.

Poloidal field dummy conductor was loaded on a ship bound for France in April 2013.

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India – Cryostat andDiagnostic Neutral Beam

A cryostat component full-scale mock-up. Photo: IN DA

Cryostat modelImage: ITER Organization

High voltage power supply for Diagnostic Neutral Beam. Photo: IN DA

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6404/09/

FESAC/Sauthoff

US ITER Scope and Progress

About 80% of US ITER funding is for in-kind hardware contributions built in U.S.

In-kind hardware contributionsmanaged at U.S. ITER Project Office (at Oak Ridge National

Laboratory)

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SCALE

ORNL100% Central Solenoid(using JA conductor)

ORNL8% of Toroidal

Field Conductor

ORNL100% Pellet Injector

ORNL100% Disruption

Mitigation (up to capped value)

ORNL100% Tokamak Cooling

Water System

PPPL75% Steady StateElectrical Network

PPPL14% of Port-based

Diagnostics

ORNL100% Ion CyclotronTransmission Lines

ORNL100% Electron

Cyclotron Transmission Lines

ORNLBlanket/Shield

(design support)

ORNL100% Roughing Pumps,

Vacuum Auxiliary System

SRNL100% Tokamak Exhaust

Processing System

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US Scope

Over 75 hardware prototypes under development & testing

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Central Solenoid

Specs: 6 independent coil packs of cable-in-conduit conductor (produced in up to 910 m lengths), plus pre-compression structure• 13 Tesla • 5.5 GJ • 30 kV • 1.2 T/s • 45 kA• 710 metric tons

ITER Partner: Japan (conductor)

Status:• Final Design Review completed• Fabrication of tooling stations complete• First pancakes of mock-up coil wound

Key Vendors: General Atomics (modules) with Tauring, Ridgway,

Babcock Noel, Seco Warwick (tooling stations) G&G Steel (prototype tie plates) Major Tool & Machine, Inc. (prototype tie plates)

Pancake-Wound Segmented Stack

CS Module(1 of 7)

CS integrated w

ith structure

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Anatomy of the Central Solenoid

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6 coil modules in stack

Single CS module, 553 turns

The final stack

Conductor from Japan

Fabrication of the Central Solenoid

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Tokamak Cooling Water System

A nuclear-grade safety system

Configuration:36 km (22 mi) of piping, ~108 major industrial components

Status:In fabrication: Drain tanksIn design: Integrated system and 230 pieces of equipment

Key Partner: ITER Organization

Key Vendors: AREVA Federal Services (design, Title III) with Joseph Oat Corporation and ODOM Industries (drain tank manufacture)

Drain tank heads from Odom Industries (Milford, OH) were delivered to Joseph Oat, Corp. for tank fabrication.

Drain tank assembly is underway at Joseph Oat, Corp.(Camden, NJ).

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Tokamak Cooling Water System

Recent Achievements:

Drain tank fabrication progressing; First tank completed; Delivery to France in early CY 2015

Arrangements between US ITER and the ITER Organization to complete the final TCWS design, and procure and pre-fabricate piping on behalf of US ITER

Completed the design documentation review and transferred a hierarchical set of documents into a searchable database that shows the implementation requirements

Drain tank heads and shells are being fitted and assembled at Joseph Oat Corporation (Camden, NJ). Photo: US ITER

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Toroidal Field Conductor

Specs:US contribution includes over 4 miles of conductor, which is constructed from 40 tons/over 6000

miles of niobium-tin superconducting strand 18 toroidal field coils being produced by partners

– Total magnetic energy of 41 gigajoules– Maximum magnetic field of 11.8 tesla

Status: In FabricationStrandProduction completed

CablingDummy cable completed 1st production cable completed

Jacketing 800 m dummy conductor completed Preparation for shipment is under way with

shipment planned for Fall 2014

Key Vendors: Luvata Waterbury, Inc. Oxford Superconducting TechnologiesNew England Wire Technologies, Inc.High Performance Magnetics

Strand at Luvata Waterbury, Inc. (Waterbury, CT)

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Toroidal Field Conductor

Completed 800 m dummy conductor at High Performance Magnetics (Tallahassee, FL)

Completed batch of production cable at New England Wire Technologies(Lisbon, NH)

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Ion Cyclotron Transmission Lines

Specs: Deliver up to 6 MW per transmission line from 8

transmitters to 2 power launchers Load-tolerant tuning over 40-55 MHz 1.5 km of transmission line

Status: In Preliminary Design

Key Vendors: Mega, Dielectric, Comet, General Atomics, National Instruments, Cincinnati Fan

Ion Cyclotron resonant loop test stand at ORNL

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Electron Cyclotron Transmission Lines

Specs: Provide efficient power transfer from

170 GHz gyrotron sources to launchers Provide 20 MW of plasma heating

power 4 km of transmission line, with 24

sources to 56 feeds

Status: In Final Design

Key Vendors: General Atomics Dymenso Calabazas Creek ARMEC

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A waveguide short gap expansion unit prototype permits expansion and contraction during cycles

Pellet Injection System

Specs:• Continuous and reliable H/D/T fueling and mode control• Frozen hydrogen pellets accelerated by high pressure gas• Extruder nozzle produces adjustable length pellets for fueling

or mode triggering

Status: In Preliminary DesignProcurement Arrangement signed with ITER Organization in December 2013

Key Contributor: Oak Ridge National Laboratory

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Disruption Mitigation

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Specs: Massive gas injection and shattered pellet injection will be used to limit impacts of plasma current disruptions and suppress the formation and deleterious effects of high-energy runaway electrons.

Status: In Preliminary Design• Massive gas injection developed

and tested on ASDEX-U, C-Mod, DIII-D and JET

• Radiation asymmetry characterized• Large valve developed for JET

being redesigned for ITER use• Shattered pellet injection tested on

DIII-D• Multiple barrel design being

developed for ITER use• ITER environment, delivery

distance and required reliability and response time is a design challenge

Experiment on DIII-D: Massive gas injection (MGI) results in reduction in upper strike point wall temperature and more uniform heat distribution on main chamber walls.

Unmitigated upward vertical displacement event (VDE)

Upward VDE mitigated with MGI 10 ms before VDE thermal quench time

Disruption Mitigation

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Prototype 3-Barrel Shattered Pellet Injector

A prototype 3-barrel shattered pellet injector with 16 mm barrels is under development at ORNL. Shown here installed in vacuum chamber. Photo: US ITER

Tokamak Exhaust Processing

Specs:

• Separates hydrogen isotopes from non-hydrogen in the gas exhaust system

• Delivers hydrogen isotopes to EU’s hydrogen isotope separation system

Status: In Preliminary Design

Key Contributor: Savannah River National Laboratory

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Steady State Electrical Network

Scope: 75% of the equipment used to supply electrical power to all conventional (steady state) loads in ITER facility, including

– HV Disconnect Switches– HV Circuit Breakers– HV Current Transformers– HV Potential Transformers– HV Surge Arresters– HV Substation Transformers– HV Substation Hardware– HV Control & Protection– Earthing Resistors– 22kV Switchgear

Status: In Fabrication & Delivery

Key Vendors:Hyundai Corporation (USA)Eaton CorporationABB, Inc.Siemen’s Industry, Inc.

Future location of substation

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Steady State Electrical Network Scope

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Equipment provided by US noted above (~ $30M).(Design, installation, and 25% of equipment provided by EU.)

What ITER Means for the US

Create, understand, and control a reactor-prototypical fusion plasma Demonstrate the scientific and technological feasibility

of a promising virtually inexhaustible and relatively clean energy source Position the US to provide fusion-reactor technology Create high-tech jobs and work in the US International partnership: working together toward a

global goal.

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Thank you

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Questions?

A few relevant websites

The DOE Office of Science: www.science.energy.govThe ITER Organization website: www.iter.orgThe US ITER Project Office: www.usiter.org

Los Alamos National Laboratory: www.lanl.govLawrence Livermore National Laboratory: www.llnl.govMIT Plasma Science and Fusion Center: www.psfc.mit.edu/Oak Ridge National Laboratory: www.ornl.govPrinceton Plasma Physics Laboratory: www.pppl.govSavanah River National Laboratory: www.srnl.doe.govGeneral Atomics: http://fusion.gat.com/global/Home

The Fire Place: http://fire.pppl.gov/

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MIT Talk 12-10-2014