What do we have in common?

DVDComputer Program Cassette tape

film

CDs

What do these things have in common?

We are all types of…………….

What is software?

• Software is anything that is not hardware, but used within the hardware.

So, What is Computer Software?

Computer Software

Computer software is the programs, programming

languages, and data that direct the operations of a

computer system.

So, what does it consist of?

• Computer Software consists of lines of code written by computer programmers that have been compiled

into a computer program. Software programs are stored as binary data that is copied to a computer's

hard drive, when it is installed.

What are the types of computer software?

Types of Computer Software

Computer software can fall into two categories.• Systems Software

• Application Software

System Software

• System software are the files and programs that make up your computers operating system. It generates the user interface and allows the operating system to interact with the hardware.

• System software is installed on your computer when you install your operating system.

• This software runs at the most basic level of your computer and it runs in the background as you use

your computer.

http://www.techterms.com/definition/systemsoftware

System Software includes………

• Assemblers

• Compilers

• File management tools

• Operation Software

• System Utilities

• Debuggers

• Interpereters

System Software History

• In the early 1950s, a computer could execute only one program at a time. Each user had sole use of the computer and would arrive at a scheduled time with program and data on punched paper cards and tape. The program would be loaded into the machine, and the machine would be set to work until the program completed or crashed. Programs could generally be debugged via a front panel using toggle switches and panel lights. It is said that Alan Turing was a master of this on the early Manchester Mark 1 machine,

and he was already deriving the primitive

conception of an operating system from the

principles of the Universal Turing machine.

System Software History

• Later machines came with libraries of software, which would be linked to a user's program to assist in operations such as input and output and generating computer code from human-readable symbolic code. This was the genesis of the modern-day operating system. However, machines still ran a single job at a time. At Cambridge University in

England the job queue was at one time a washing line from which tapes were hung with different colored clothes-pegs to indicate job-priority.

Operational Software

• This is the software that allows the parts of a computer to work together by performing tasks like transferring data between memory and disks or rendering output onto a display device. It also provides a platform to run high-level system software and application software.

Application Software

• Applications software is computer software designed to help the user perform singular or multiple related specific tasks.

• These are the programs that perform the task that the user wants to complete.

Application Software History

• In earlier types of client–server computing, each application had its own client program which served as its user interface and had to be separately installed on each user's personal computer. An upgrade to the server part of the application would typically require an upgrade to the clients installed on each user workstation, adding to the support cost and decreasing productivity.

Software Hierarchy

• http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/s/systems_software.html

There are other types of computer software

• Utility Software

• Productivity Software

• Security Software

• Administrative Software

• Assistive software

• Multimedia software

• Instructional software

Utilities Software

• Utility Software is a type of computer system software also referred to as service program, tool, service routine, or utility routine. Software Utilities are specifically designed to help the users manage and tune the computer hardware/Software, Operating system or application.

Productivity Software

This software refers to word processors, spreadsheets,

database management systems, PIMs, schedulers,

and other software packages that are designed

for individual use. In an organization, custom-designed information

systems provide the primary data processing (Suite

Applications) .

Productivity Software History

• This term first appeared in the 1950’s and early 1960’s. In the 1960’s, NATO sponsored a series of conferences that

boosted the profession of software engineering, which lead to an increase in the demand for productivity software.

However, cost overruns and scheduling difficulties led to a crisis in productivity software. Because of this crisis, the

productivity software of the 1980’s and 1990’s were better developed to meet the needs of users by focusing on Tools, Discipline, Formal Methods, Process, and Professionalism.

Productivity Software History

• As the development of the World Wide Web (Internet) increased so did the demand for more inexpensive software tailored for the individual business users of the 1990’s to the present.

Security Software

• Security software covers a wide variety of potential risks, including hacker intrusions, destruction of data, harmful viruses, Trojan horses and other malicious attacks. Computer security software is available either within the computer's operating system or add-ons freely downloaded or purchased. Computer security software offers peace of mind amid a growing array of risks that increase exponentially as more PCs become accessible through the Internet.

Security Software History

• There are competing claims for the innovator of the first antivirus product. Possibly the first publicly documented removal of a computer virus in the wild was performed by Bernt Fix in 1987.

• Before Internet connectivity was widespread, viruses were typically spread by infected floppy disks. Antivirus software came into use, but was updated relatively infrequently. During this time, virus checkers essentially had to check executable files and the boot sectors of floppy and hard disks.

However, as internet usage became common, initially through the use of modems, viruses spread throughout the Internet

Security Software History

• Powerful macros used in word processor applications, such as Microsoft Word, presented a further risk. Virus writers started using the macros to write viruses embedded within documents. This meant that computers could now also be at risk from infection by documents with hidden attached macros as programs.

• This is the type of software that manages the software applications in an enterprise, which includes the distribution of new software and upgrading of existing software. Improving the software administration is one of the main reasons for the creation of the network computer and NetPC.

Administrative Software

Administrative Software History

• In the 1950’s universities like Grantham

University and San Francisco State University had established administrative software programs for undergraduate students. In 1954, A & I Benefit Plan Administration, Inc. (women-owned) was the first company to offer computerized administrative services to businesses. The development of diverse administrative software for businesses led to the increased productivity of American businesses during the 1950’s the present.

Assistive Software

• Assistive software is designed to enable people with disabilities to accomplish daily living tasks, assist them in communication, education, work, or recreational activities, to enhance, help them achieve greater independence and enhance their quality of life.

Assistive Software History

• This software was initially used in the 1970’s for Hearing Impaired and Blind students. With the invention of the PC in the 1980’s, Assistive Software increases for a more diverse physically impaired population like software designed to assist students with DMD, which is a neuromuscular disorder that effects ones use of the hands. From 1990’s to 2000, most Assistive Software focused primarily on speech

and language as well as visual impairment.

Multimedia Software

• Multimedia Software is a media and content software that uses a combination of different content forms: text, audio, still images, animation, video, and interactive content forms.

Multimedia Software History

• In the 1960’s Michael Bornhausser and Tim Berners-Lee were pioneers in multimedia software, which focused on storing information, communications, and digital management rights. In 1964, ASC Telecom AG was leading provider of multimedia software solutions.

Instructional Software

• This is the type of software that is designed for teaching or self-learning. It includes software designed for applications, drill and practice, tutorials, simulations, instructional games, problem solving, multimedia, teacher utilities.

Instructional Software History

• In the 1940’s during World War II, American engineers developed military flight simulators which used analog computers to generate simulated onboard flight conditions on the instruments’ data systems.

• Educational software directly tied to mainframe computers (Plato Systems in the 1960’s) and partnerships between IBM and Pearson Education

Technologies led to software such as

BASIC in 1963 and LOGO in 1967.

Seek and Find

Productivity Software

Security

Software

Administrative

Software

Assistive

Software

Multimedia

Software

Instructional Software

-Axiom

-Easy Grade Pro

-Net Nanny

-Norton

-STARS

-ADP

-Screen Reader

-Jaws

-Adobe

-Create Together

-ECS Keyboard

--Oregon Trail

-TI-Interactive

-File Maker Pro

-McAfee

-Kapersky

-ASAP

-COGNOS

-Word Q

-Kurzweil

-Dazzler

-Photostory

-Type to Learn

-Rosetta Stone

-Office

-Corel

-Symantec

-

-BRASS

-TieNet

-Alphasmart

-Timeliner

-Inspirations

-Audacity

-Mavis Beacon

--First in Math