what challenges do washington & adams face as president? launching the new nation
TRANSCRIPT
What challenges do Washington & Adams face as President?
Launching the New Nation
1792 Election Results
1792 Election Results
Washington
Washington’s Administration (1789-1797) Vice president (2nd place finisher) -
John Adams
2. Secretary of State (foreign affairs) –
Thomas Jefferson
3. Secretary of Treasury (manage finances)– Alexander Hamilton
4. Secretary of War (military matters) –
Henry Knox
• Washington chooses advisors (Cabinet)
The Supreme Court is Established• Judiciary Act of 1789 estab. the Supreme Court, federal circuit & district courts
•allowed state court decisions to be appealed to a federal court
Hamilton v. Jefferson
Hamilton Jefferson
Political Party Federalist Democratic-Republican
Major Writing Federalist Papers Declaration of Independence
National Bank Favored – Fed gov will fund & print money
Claimed it to be unconstitutional
Economic Theory shipping & manufacturing – pay Fed & State debts
Agricultural, pay only fed debt
Fears Mob rule Absolute power
Supporters N., Wealthy/Mid class S., Farmers, poor
Hamilton’s Economic Plan Wanted National Bank
• Dem-Reps: not in constitution!• Passes Congress w/ a 20-year charter
• Fed Gov & investors would fund the bank, which would issue paper money & collect taxes. US can pay off its debts
The Whiskey Rebellion, 1794
Hamilton pushes a tax on Whiskey
Whiskey producers in W. Penn refuse to pay, attack tax collectors Washington leads 13K troops to end the conflict
Sig: Fed Gov has authority to collect taxes
International Issues
2. Pinckney’s Treaty (1795) Spain agrees to give up all land east of Mississippi, except
Florida, and access to Mississippi River + New Orleans
Let’s stay neutral!
Help us!
No! Help us!
1. 1793: Britain & France at war
•Dem-Reps say join w/ France, Feds say join w/ Britain, Washington keeps US neutral
End of an era
Washington gives up Presidency after two terms
Election of John Adams
•1796: Adams barely beats Jefferson
AdamsAdams
JeffersonJefferson
Frees all of his slaves upon death (shortly after leaving office) Who replaces Washington? Adams or Jefferson
Alien & Sedition Acts Immigrants favor Dem-Reps, critical of Adams
•Jefferson & Madison say Adams misusing his power
•VA & KY Resolutions nullify Alien and Sedition Acts (against 1st Amend)
•Can states use nullification against unconstitutional federal laws??
Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions
Adams has Congress pass new laws: 1) Citizenship raised from 5 to 14 years 2) Jailing/deportation of “undesirables”