what “catch” means in environmental context?
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What “Catch” means in environmental context?. Sachiko TSUJI (FAO). How “catch” is determined – meaning of catch Detailed definition of catch Indication of “catch” in a context of monitoring “environment” - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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WHAT “CATCH” MEANS IN ENVIRONMENTAL CONTEXT?
Sachiko TSUJI (FAO) 30/10-01/11/2012
UNECE TF on Environmental Indicators
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30/10-01/11/2012UNECE TF on Environmental Indicators
How “catch” is determined – meaning of catch Detailed definition of catch Indication of “catch” in a context of monitoring
“environment”
- We cannot see underneath of water – limitation in available information; invisible, less noticeable
- Aquatic – terrestrial biological dynamics – no difference in principle
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30/10-01/11/2012UNECE TF on Environmental Indicators
Senior Fishery Statistician of FAO Responsible for all Fishery and Aquaculture statistics
disseminated from FAO Participated in development of UN SEEA, CBD - aquatic
Secretary of Coordinating Working Party on Fishery Statistics (CWP) FAO Statutory global coordinating mechanism - 22
organizations as members Objectives - set up standards, concepts and classifications
for fisheries statistics, review information needs, coordination for research and collaboration
Personal background – population dynamics
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Dynamics on aquatic stocks, fishing activities, catch and environmental impacts.
What “catch” means ?
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Dynamics of biological stock
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Dynamics of biological stock
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Catch diagram
# boats; Gear technology; Fishing Days
ENSO events;Climate changes
impacts,
CATCH = [Fishing Effort] * [Fish abundance available to fishing]
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Sustainable YieldsStock Abundance
Catch
Sustainable Yields Fishing Efforts
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Catch diagram
Urbanization; Water front development;
Pollution
# boats; Gear technology; Fishing Days
ENSO events;Climate changes
impacts,
CATCH = [Fishing Effort] * [Fish abundance available to fishing]
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Dynamics of biological stock
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Dynamics of biological stock -- Impacts of habitat destruction
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Dynamics of biological stock -- Combination with aquaculture
Removal of predators; Fertilizing; Blocking fish moves
Release of farmed seeds
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30/10-01/11/2012UNECE TF on Environmental Indicators
Multi-species context
Single population theories not applicable to multi species context: Too complex for modeling Generally lower suitable harvest point; conflict between over-
exploited primary species .vs. under-exploited secondary species “Fished – down” – size change
Big fish and commercially high valued fish removed, first Size of fish getting smaller – matured at small size with young age;
fish becoming thin > lower productivities “Fished – down” – change in species composition
Moving to alternative less preferable species Lowering average trophic level
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Small scale .vs. large scale
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Identifying measurement and indicators suitable to monitor target events
What to measure ?
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30/10-01/11/2012UNECE TF on Environmental Indicators
Selection criteria of indicators:
Directly measurable, not abstractive concepts: Sensitive and responsive to change in targets: Clear reflective relation to behavior of targets; Cost-effective: Robust and less sensitive to noise: Consistent with public understandings and
technical indications: Adequate time-series:
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Concept of catch Diagram
Landing * Conversion factors > NOMINAL CATCH
Landing * Conversion factors > NOMINAL CATCH
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30/10-01/11/2012UNECE TF on Environmental Indicators
Currently available data and indicators Contribution to food security -- FAO
Catch by species and species groups : Retained catch < converted from Landings Trades, disposition by species and species groups
Stock assessment / management purpose -- Regional Fishery Management Organizations (RFMOs) Gross removal (including discards), species-specific Stock indicator – e.g. catch taken by unit effort (CPUE) Stock assessment results of species under management Inventories and summary of stocks assessment results –
FAO SOFIA / FIRMS; ICES
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30/10-01/11/2012UNECE TF on Environmental Indicators
Currently available data and indicators Stocks status as macro-indicators
Average trophic level – EU Indicators Gross removal adjusted with effort indicator (quasi-CPUE) –
SEEA Bio-diversity – CBD for aquatic (FAO) in pipeline
List of aquatic species captured as well as farmed: survey questionnaires in preparation
RFMOs – observer data on incidental-catch, discards, of ecologically related species and vulnerable ecosystem species
List of Protected Areas
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30/10-01/11/2012UNECE TF on Environmental Indicators
UNECE members – data reporting status In general, good data quality and species breakdown;
Belarus, Finland, Kazakhstan, FYR Macedonia, Russian; Serbia, Ukraine
Recently, struggle in communication: No reporting – Armenia (2005), Bosnia and Herzegovina (2007);
Georgia (2005, except marine capture in 2010); Turkmenistan (2005); Uzbekistan (2010)
Some component systematically not reported: Belgium (inland aquaculture); Moldova (no aquaculture since
2005); Montenegro (aquaculture); Tajikistan (no capture since 2005)
Some incomplete or inconsistent among years; Azerbaijan; Kyrgyzstan;
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30/10-01/11/2012UNECE TF on Environmental Indicators
Points for consideration: Indicators of human pressure on environments – important:
Fishing pressure, small and large scale operations Non-fishery human activity pressure – no indicator available Impacts of human intervention – stocking, landscaping, protected area
Clarify the monitoring target: Not possible to monitor biodiversity and human pressure on aquatic
environments with one indicator Direct measurement better than indirect indicators – e.g. for pressure on
aquatic environment, energy use in fishing Clarify a link with policy decision – interpretation and actual utilization
Avoid duplication and build upon available resources: Enhancing overall monitoring capacity Rebuilding historical assessment
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Thank you for your attention!!