what can complete streets · for the design and management of ... transitie “the school street”...
TRANSCRIPT
What Can Complete Streets Learn From International
Approaches?
Presented By:
Frank Wefering
Director of Sustainability, GPI
22 May 2018
Motivations to plan and design complete streets
Road Safety
Convenience & Comfort
Access InclusionMulti-
modality
Other?!
Economic Development
Aesthetics
Interaction
Active Transportation
“A transportation policy and design approach that requires streets to be planned, designed, operated, and maintained to enable safe,
convenient and comfortable travel and access for users of all ages and abilities regardless of their mode of transportation.”
Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans
Sustainable Neighborhood Mobility Plans
Healthy Streets
Moving Beyond Zero
Woonerfs
Lab van Troje
Overview
Mobility as a Service
Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans (EU, 2013)
• European Union Action Plan on Urban Mobility (2009); Action 1 calls for support of local authorities to develop Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans
• Support via Council of the EU (2010) + EU Transport White Paper (2011)
• EU-wide expert consultation process to develop the SUMP concept (2010 -2013)
• SUMP Guidelines (2013)
• Formal EU Policy - Urban Mobility Package (2013)
Today
• Adaptation to national planning frameworks
• Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans as a precondition for transport infrastructure financing (EU institutions; multilateral banks)
• SUMPs developed and implemented across Europe and beyond
• Revised SUMP Guidelines to be delivered in 2019
What does SUMP stand for?
• Long-term vision and clear implementation plan
• Planning for People:Improving livability; enabling access
• Participatory approach: Engaging citizens and stakeholders
• Contribution to climate change commitments
• Pledge for sustainability: Economic, social and environmental
Characteristics
Part I
What does SUMP stand for?
• Integrated approach:
• Balanced development and integration of all transportation modes • Cooperation between policy sectors and between government levels• Cities working together with neighboring authorities
• Focus on monitoring & evaluation and transparent reporting: Objectives + measurable targets
• Review of all costs and benefits: Implementation of affordable and cost-effective solutions
• Passenger AND freight transportation
Characteristics
Part II
From the Urban to the Neighborhood Level
Sustainable Neighborhood Mobility Plans - A European concept applying
sustainable transportation and urban mobility principles, such as facilitation of all modes, accessibility, participation, etc. in small urban subsections (neighborhoods, quarters)
Frank Wefering
Greenman-Pedersen, Inc.
ITE Northeastern District Annual Meeting
Lake George, NY, 21-23 May 2018
Neighborhood Mobility Labs as a collaborative way / co-
creation means to address common urban mobility
challenges at the urban district level
Particular focus on engaging typically under-represented
groups such as migrants, women, older and younger
people
Unleashing large innovation
potentials at the urban district
level via proactive involvement of
local communities, stakeholders
and residents
Sustainable Neighborhood Mobility Plans (EU 2017)
NEIGHBORHOOD APPROACH ADVANTAGES
• Chance to quickly make a real difference
• Sense of community and trust
• Shared language, idioms and cultural references
• Short communication paths
• Resilient social networks
• Emotional attachment and commitment to the neighborhood, a feeling of belonging and responsibility
• Detailed knowledge about the local situation - geographically, socially, historically
• Familiarity with places and streets
Street functions with direct impacts on citizen’s quality of life • Space for social interactions among neighbors• Playground for children• Ecological space
Street space limitations causes competition between various uses – especially driven by the demand for car-parking space
Residential street space reveals challenges of vulnerable groups like the handicapped or the elderly as well as specific needs for children
Focus on Streets
Healthy Streets for London (2017)
A strategic and overarching approach for the design and management of London’s streets linking transportation with public health
Aim to improve air quality, reduce congestion and support
the creation of greener, healthier and more attractive urban places to live, work, play and do business
Facilitates active transportation and thereby tackles illnesses associated with inactivity
Moving Beyond Zero (Sweden, 2017)
The next step in the Vision Zero movement from
Sweden initiated by the Swedish Traffic Safety
Council for Active and Sustainable Mobility.
Moving Beyond Zero looks at road and urban
environment improvements no longer merely from the
perspective of preventing road crashes, fatalities and
injuries, but it focuses on improving public health and
reducing emissions and congestion by promoting
active transport modes like cycling and walking.
Moving Beyond Zero – in Practice
• Cycling promotion and road safety are interlinked
• Technology provides sustainable solutions
• Bicycling encourages positive health + safety effects
• Multi-modal transit provides needed flexibility
• Bicycling and livable cities
• Children’s cycling and children’s rights
The Netherlands, early 1970s
How a civic activist’s campaign changed Dutch mobility culture and influenced street design
Photograph: Fotocollectie Anefo/Society for the Nationaal Archief https://nos.nl/artikel/2191063-meer-verkeersongelukken-bij-scholieren-een-tweede-stop-de-kindermoord.html
Stop de Kindermoord campaigners visit Amsterdam’s House of Representatives in 1972, a year after more than 400children were killed in traffic crashes.
Woonerfs
Netherlands, 1970s: Search for ideas for safer urban planning
Woonerf: a people-friendly street with speed bumps and bends to force cars to drive very slowly.
Today, woonerfs have gone out of fashion, but still found in many Dutch cities.
A living lab experiment from Gent, Belgium used to gather ideas and suggestions from citizens and local stakeholders to improve places and streets.
collaborating citizens, businesses, governments and organisations and developed with the support of the municipality of Ghent.
Frank Wefering
Greenman-Pedersen, Inc.
ITE Northeastern District Annual Meeting
Lake George, NY, 21-23 May 2018
Lab van Troje / Living Street (Belgium, 2012)
Mobility Visioning
The M-Club
“On Wheels”
“The Street Cut”
“The School Street” “Nearby Parking Deluxe”Source: Gent Klimaatverbond, 2012. De fiets van Troje. Transitie
naar een duurzame mobiliteitscultuur voor Gent en omgeving.
Brochure.
Mobility as a Service (Finland, first app 2016)
MaaS – The integration of various forms of transport services into a single mobility service accessible on demand
• MaaS operator facilitates a diverse menu of transport options - public transportation, ride-, car- or bike-sharing, taxi or car rental/lease, or a combination thereof
• Single application provides access to mobility and single payment channel instead of multiple ticketing and payment operations
USDOT, Volpe Center
MaaS Scenario
All encompassing urban mobility package for US$400 per month
• Get from A to B, and all A’s to all B’s within the urban area
• Service level agreement ensures pick-up in less than 10 minutes
• Use all transportation modes (various forms of public transit, taxi, car sharing, ride sharing, bike sharing, etc.)
• Limited logistics and home delivery service included
• Service and payment offers bundled in one mobile app
• Discounted rates in other cities and option for multi-city packages
Adapted from Heikkilä, Business Finland, Tekes
What if MaaS was widely used?
Pure Theory?
• Reduced reliance on individual car use
• Urban transformation• Need for a better network of
physically and digitally connected streets
Implications for complete street design!?
Source: MaaS Global website
Source: Maas Global
What Can Complete Streets Learn From International Approaches?
• Holistic urban mobility approach
• Planning for people – designing for people
• Community engagement
• Visioning
• Transparent reporting
• New justifications + legitimizations (public health)
Main Presentation References
European Platform on Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans -> eltis.org/mobility-plans
Sustainable Urban Neighborhoods Research and Implementation -> civitas-sunrise.eu
Healthy Streets for London -> tfl.gov.uk/corporate/about-tfl/how-we-work/planning-for-the-future/healthy-streets
Moving Beyond Zero Initiative-> movingbeyondzero.com
History of the Dutch Stop de Kindermoord Campaign -> lcc.org.uk/pages/holland-in-the-1970s
The Woonerf Concept-> https://nacto.org/docs/usdg/woonerf_concept_collarte.pdf
Lab van Troje-> labvantroje.be/en
Mobility as a Service (MaaS) Alliance-> maas-alliance.eu
Thank you for your attention!
Frank M. Wefering
Greenman-Pedersen, Inc. (GPI), Babylon, NY
www.gpinet.com
631-761-7209 and (c) 631-517-0102