what are two functions of the nervous system? what makes up the nervous system?
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January 14, 2014 Complete the following pretest on a separate sheet of paper ON YOUR OWN. This means you can’t talk to the people around you. What are two functions of the nervous system? What makes up the nervous system? - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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November 3, 2015Objectives:
◦Label the structure of a neuron◦Explain how the nervous system is broken up into parts
◦Differentiate between neurons and glial cells
Journal:◦What makes up the nervous system?
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Nervous System
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Functions of the Nervous System:Long-term memoryShort-term memoryThinking and
decision makingInteractions with
the world
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Parts of the Nervous System
Central Nervous System (CNS)◦Made up of the brain and spinal cord◦Controls all basic bodily functions and
responds to external changesPeripheral Nervous System (PNS)
◦Made up of all the nerves in the body◦Connects the CNS to the rest of the
body
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Motor SystemPart of the peripheral nervous systemCarries out the orders from the brain
and spinal cordMade up of two branches:
◦Somatic Nervous System Controls skeletal muscle Under conscious control
◦Autonomic Nervous System Controls smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and
glands Not under conscious control
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Parts of the Autonomic Nervous System
Parasympathetic◦Resting and
digesting branch ◦Deal with normal
body functions Sympathetic
◦Body’s alert system that kicks in when you are in danger
◦Fight or flight response
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Nervous TissueMade up of:
◦Neurons: carry out control functions, amitotic
◦Neuroglia also known as Glial Cells: support cells for the nervous tissue, able to divide
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Glial Cell Types in CNS:Astrocytes: metabolic and
structural support cells for the nervous tissue
Microglia: remove debrisEpendymal cells: cover the lining
of cavitiesOligodendrocytes: make a lipid
insulation called myelin
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Glial Cell Types in PNS:Schwann cells: make myelin for
the PNSSatellite cells: support cells
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Neuron Parts
Neuron body: functions in cell metabolismDendrites: receive signals from the environment and other
cellsAxon: generates and sends signals to other cellsAxon terminal: connects to a receiving cellSynapse: space between the axon terminal and the
receiving cell◦ Called a neuromuscular junction if the receiving cell is a skeletal
muscle cellMyelin sheath: lipid insulation that covers parts of the axonNodes of Ranvier: bare spots between the myelin
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Neuron ClassificationNeurons can be classified by
either structure or function
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Neuron Structural ClassificationBipolar: one dendrite and one axonMultipolar: many dendrites and one
axonUnipolar: has two projections
extending from the same end of the neuron body
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Neuron Function ClassificationSensory neurons: input neuronsMotor neurons: output neuronsInterneurons: carry information
between neurons