what are the types of common mental illnesses and disorders?
TRANSCRIPT
BridgeMental HealthAnnual Report
Types of MentalIllnesses(DSM-V)
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1. Psychotic Disorders
2. Mood Disorders
3. Anxiety Disorders
4. Dissociative Disorders
5. Eating Disorders
6. Sleep Disorders
7. Personality Disorders
A non-comprehensive list of major mental
health disorders
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Schizophrenia is a serious mental illness characterised
by auditory hallucinations, paranoia, bizarre delusions,
and/or disorganised thinking. It should not be confused
with multiple personality disorder (now called
dissociative identity disorder).
(Source: Psychcharts.com)
1. Psychotic Disorders
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Bipolar Disorder, previously known as Manic-
Depression, is characterised by episodes of significantly
elevated mood, arousal, and/or energy levels (mania)
often interspersed with contrasting episodes of low
mood (depression).
(Source: Psychcharts.com)
2. Mood Disorders: Bipolar Disorder
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Clinical Depression, also known as Major Depressive
Disorder or Unipolar Depression, is a type of recurrent
depression is characterised by an all-encompassing low
mood, diminished self-esteem, and a loss of interest in
normally enjoyable activities. Often misunderstood as
being something that individuals should be able to
overcome by will-power alone, major depression often
requires antidepressant medication such as
an SSRI (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor).
(Source: Psychcharts.com)
2. Mood Disorders: Clinical Depression
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Panic Disorder. A panic attack is a short period (usually
5-10 minutes) of intense fear that comes on suddenly
and is characterised by symptoms such as an increased
heart rate, shortness of breath, dizziness, numbness,
and changes in body temperature. Individuals with panic
disorder have recurring panic attacks, and often the fear
of the attacks themselves become the focus of their
anxiety. Panic Disorder often occurs together with
Agoraphobia, the fear of public places.
(Source: Psychcharts.com)
3. Anxiety Disorders: Panic Disorder
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Phobia Disorder: A phobia is a persistent fear of a
certain object or situation in which the individual goes to
great lengths to avoid the object or situation in a way
that is irrational and disproportional to the actual danger
posed. Common phobias include a fear of insects, dogs,
boats, needles, airplanes, elevators, etc.). Social
Anxiety Disorder is a special type of phobia in which the
individual has an extreme fear of social interaction.
(Source: Psychcharts.com)
3. Anxiety Disorders: Phobia Disorder
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Generalised Anxiety Disorder (often shortened
to GAD) is characterised by disproportionate worry
about everyday things (such as money, health, or
relationships) that is on-going and uncontrollable. It is
often expressed in the form of headaches, fidgeting,
nausea, irritability, fatigue, or insomnia.
(Source: Psychcharts.com)
3. Anxiety Disorders: Generalised Anxiety
Disorder
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Obsessive-compulsive Disorder (OCD) is
characterised by uncontrollable thoughts (obsessions)
that lead to repetitive behaviours (compulsions) aimed
at relieving the anxiety brought on by those thoughts.
Common compulsions include excessive hand washing,
repeated checking, nervous rituals, or extreme hoarding.
(Source: Psychcharts.com)
3. Anxiety Disorders: Obsessive-compulsive
Disorder
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Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) can develop
after exposure to extreme trauma such as sexual abuse,
physical assault, or certain wartime experiences.
Symptoms include flashbacks, nightmares and
hypervigilance. Prolonged exposure to trauma in which
there were no viable means of escape can lead to a
distinct but related disorder known as Complex Post-
traumatic Stress Disorder (C-PTSD)
(Source: Psychcharts.com)
3. Anxiety Disorders: Post-traumatic Stress
Disorder
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Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID), formerly known
as Multiple Personality Disorder (MPD) and often
confused for Schizophrenia in the media, is a
controversial diagnosis in which an individual has two or
more distinct personalities, each with their own
memories and patterns of behaviour. The development
of these multiple personalities is a coping mechanism
caused by extreme trauma or abuse at an early age.
(Source: Psychcharts.com)
4. Dissociative Disorders: Dissociative
Identity Disorder
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Bulimia Nervosa is characterised by binging (eating a
large amount of food in a short amount of time) followed
by purging (an attempt to rid oneself of the food
consumed, typically by vomiting, taking a laxative,
and/or exercising excessively). The binge/purge cycle is
often followed by periods of fasting.
(Source: Psychcharts.com)
5. Eating Disorders: Bulimia Nervosa
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Anorexia Nervosa is characterised by a distorted self-
perception and an irrational fear of gaining weight
resulting in excessive food restriction and extreme
weight loss. It usually develops during adolescence and
early adulthood and can lead to serious metabolic and
hormonal problems.
(Source: Psychcharts.com)
5. Eating Disorders: Anorexia Nervosa
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Narcolepsy is a chronic sleep disorder characterised by
excessive sleepiness and sudden sleep attacks at
inappropriate times during the day. People with
narcolepsy usually also experience disturbed night-time
sleep (insomnia). It is related to cataplexy -- a sudden
but short-lasting loss of muscle tone, often triggered by
emotions
(Source: Psychcharts.com)
6. Sleep Disorders: Narcolepsy
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Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is a disorder
characterised by the instability of emotions, and
thinking, difficulties in sustaining relationships, and a
high rate of self-harming and suicidal behaviour.
People with BPD find it difficult to control their
behaviour, resulting in impulsive or self-destructive
actions. This often leads to chaotic and upsetting
interpersonal relationships.
(Source: The UK Family’s Pocket Guide to Mental Illnesses)
7. Personality Disorders: Borderline
Personality Disorder
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Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD) is
characterised by disregard for and violation of the rights
and needs of others, showing a lack of remorse even
when confronted with the harmful effect of their actions.
The combination of aggression, disrespect, and
impulsive features effects high rates of assaults, suicidal
behaviour, motor accidents, and sexually transmitted
diseases. Criminality is central to the definition of ASPD.
(Source: The UK Family’s Pocket Guide to Mental Illnesses)
7. Personality Disorders: Antisocial
Personality Disorder
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