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1 What are the chances of the Moroccan fishery products on the African market?

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What are the Chances of the Moroccan Fishery Products in the

African Market?

April 2015


Table of contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS ....................................................................................................................................... 2

LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................................................... 4

LIST OF GRAPHS ............................................................................................................................................... 5

PREAMBLE ...................................................................................................................................................... 6

CHAPTER 1 :SITUATION AND TRENDS OF THE FISHERY SECTOR AND AQUACULTURE IN AFRICA

1.1. OVERVIEW ............................................................................................................................................... 7

1.2. AFRICAN COUNTRIES' PRODUCTION OF CAPTURE FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE................................... 9

1.3.CHARACTERISTICS OF THE DEMAND OF THE AFRICAN COUNTRIES CONSUMING FISHERY PRODUCTS ....... 11

CHAPTER 2 : TRADE EXCHANGES OF FISHERY PRODUCTS IN AFRICA

2.1. CARTOGRAPHY OF THE TRADE EXCHANGES OF FISHERY PRODUCTS IN AFRICA AND WITH THE REST OF

THE WORLD ............................................................................................................................................ 13

2.2. MAIN AFRICAN IMPORTERS AND EXPORTERS OF FISHERY PRODUCTS....................................................... 15

2.3. STRUCTURE OF AFRICAN EXPORTS AND IMPORTS PER PRODUCT .............................................................. 16

2.3.1. STRUCTURE OF AFRICAN EXPORTS PER PRODUCT ..................................................................................................... 16 2.3.2. STRUCTURE OF AFRICAN IMPORTS PER FISHERY PRODUCT...................................................................................... 17

CHAPTER 3 : ANALYSIS OF AFRICAN DEMAND OF FISHERY PRODUCTS: FOCUS ON THE MAIN

PRODUCTS EXPORTED BY MOROCCO

3.1. MAIN SUPPLIERS OF AFRICAN COUNTRIES WITH FISHERY PRODUCTS............................. 20

3.1.1. FRESH, LIVE, REFRIGERATED OR FROZEN FISH .......................................................................................................... 20 3.1.2. CANNED FISH AND FISH PREPARATIONS ..................................................................................................................... 22

3.1.2.1. Overview ...................................................................................................................................................................... 22 3.1.2.2. The case of canned sardines ........................................................................................................................................... 23

3.1.3. CRUSTACEANS AND MOLLUSCS ...................................................................................................................................... 25 3.1.3.1. Overview ....................................................................................................................................................................... 25 3.1.3.2. Case of frozen cephalopodes and crustaceans .................................................................................................................. 26

3.2. DYNAMICS OF AFRICAN DEMAND FOR FISHERY PRODUCTS ...... ERREUR ! SIGNET NON DEFINI.

3.2.1. OVERVIEW ................................................................................................................ ERREUR ! SIGNET NON DEFINI. 3.2.2. FRESH FISH ................................................................................................................ ERREUR ! SIGNET NON DEFINI. 3.2.3. CANNED SARDINES.................................................................................................. ERREUR ! SIGNET NON DEFINI. 3.2.4. CRUSTACEANS .......................................................................................................... ERREUR ! SIGNET NON DEFINI. 3.2.5. CEPHALOPODES ............................................................................................................................................................... 33

CHAPTER 4 : MOROCCO’S POSITION IN AFRICAN IMPORTS OF FISHERY PRODUCTS

4.1. ANALYSIS OF MOROCCO’S PRESENCE IN AFRICAN SEAFOOD PRODUCTS’ MARKET.................................. 35

4.1.1. OVERVIEW ..................................................................................................................................................................... 35

4.1.2. ANALYSIS PER COUNTRY .................................................................................. ERREUR ! SIGNET NON DEFINI. 4.1.3. ANALYSIS BY PRODUCT TYPE ........................................................................... ERREUR ! SIGNET NON DEFINI.

4.1.3.1. Canned sardines .......................................................................................................Erreur ! Signet non défini.

4.1.3.2. Fresh, live, refrigerated or frozen fish ......................................................................Erreur ! Signet non défini.

4.1.3.3. Crustaceans and cephalopods ...........................................................................Erreur ! Signet non défini.

CHAPTER 5 : CHALLENGES OF MOROCCAN FISHERY EXPORTS TO AFRICA


5.1. MOROCCO'S ASSETS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF TRADE EXCHANGES WITH AFRICA . ERREUR ! SIGNET NON

DEFINI.

5.2. CONSTRAINTS TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF MOROCCAN EXPORTS OF FISHERY PRODUCTS IN AFRICAN

MARKETS ...................................................................................................... ERREUR ! SIGNET NON DEFINI.

5.2.1. EXOGENOUS FACTORS ......................................................................................... ERREUR ! SIGNET NON DEFINI. 5.2.2. ENDOGENOUS FACTORS ........................................................................................ ERREUR ! SIGNET NON DEFINI.

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMANDATIONS ............................................................ ERREUR ! SIGNET NON DEFINI.

APPENDICES……………………………………………………………………………………………………..ER

REUR ! SIGNET NON DEFINI.


List of tables

TABLE 1 : SITUATION OF THE TOTAL OFFER OF FISH INTENDED FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION PER CONTINENT

AND PER PERSON (2011) .......................................................................................................................................... 9

TABLE 2 : STRUCTURE OF EXPORTS OF THE FIRST TEN AFRICAN EXPORTERS OF FISHERY PRODUCTS

INTENDED FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION .......................................................................................................... 16

TABLE 3 : RANKING OF THE FIRST TEN AFRICAN EXPORTERS PER FISHERY PRODUCT ........................................... 17

TABLE 4: STRUCTURE OF THE IMPORTS OF THE FIRST TEN AFRICAN IMPORTERS OF FISHERY PRODUCTS

(AVERAGE SHARES DURING THE PERIOD 2008-2012) .................................................................................... 18

TABLE 5 : RANKING OF THE FIRST TEN AFRICAN IMPORTERS PER PRODUCT ............................................................. 19

TABLE 6 : SHARE OF THE MAIN DESTINATIONS FOR MOROCCAN EXPORTS OF FRESH, CURED, DRIED OR SMOKED FISH (2008-2012) ................................................................................................................. 21

TABLE 7 : SHARES OF THE MAIN DESTINATIONS FOR MOROCCAN EXPORTS OF CANNED SARDINES

(2008-2012) ................................................................................................................................................................ 24

TABLE 8: SHARES OF THE MAIN DESTINATIONS FOR MOROCCAN EXPORTS OF CEPHALOPODES (2008-2012)…. ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 27

TABLE 9 : SHARES OF THE MAIN DESTINATIONS FOR MOROCCAN EXPORTS OF CRUSTACEANS (OVER THE

PERIOD OF 2008-2012) ............................................................................................................................................ 28

TABLE 10 : CROSSING BETWEEN THE GROWTH RHYTHM AND THE VALUE OF FISHERY PRODUCTS IMPORTS

PER CONTINENT OVER THE LAST 5 YEARS ................................................................................... 30

TABLE 11 : SHARE OF AFRICAN DEMAND FOR MAJOR FISHERY PRODUCTS ANSWERED BY MOROCCAN EXPORTS

IN MILLIONS OF DOLLARS ........................................................................................................... 35

TABLE 12 : CROSSOVER BETWEEN MOROCCAN EXPORTS OF CANNED SARDINES DESTINATIONS AND THE

MAJOR AFRICAN IMPORTERS OF THESE PRODUCTS ...................................................................... 37

TABLE 13 : CROSSOVER BETWEEN MOROCCAN EXPORTS’ DESTINATIONS OF FRESH, LIVE, REFRIGERATED OR

FROZEN FISH AND THE MAJOR AFRICAN IMPORTERS OF THESE PRODUCTS (AVERAGE 2008-2012)

.................................................................................................................................................... 38

TABLE 14 : CROSSOVER BETWEEN DESTINATIONS OF MOROCCAN EXPORTS OF CEPHALOPODS AND

CRUSTACEANS WITH THE MAJOR AFRICAN IMPORTERS OF THESE PRODUCTS (AVERAGE 2008-2012) ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 39

TABLE 15 : LIST OF THE RECENT FISHERY PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENTS OF THE UE .................................... 52


List of graphs

FIGURE 1 : DISTRIBUTION OF WORLD FISHERY PRODUCTION (CAPTURE AND AQUACULTURE) PER

CONTINENT IN 2012 ......................................................................................................................... 8

FIGURE 2 : WORLD FISHERY PRODUCTION PER CONTINENT AND PER PRODUCTION TYPE (2012) .................... 8

FIGURE 3 : MAIN AFRICAN PRODUCERS OF FISHERY PRODUCTS...................................................................... 10

FIGURE 4 : PART OF AQUACULTURE IN THE PRODUCTION OF MAIN AFRICAN PRODUCERS OF FISHERY

PRODUCTS (AVERAGE 2008-2012) ..................................................................................................... 10

FIGURE 5 : APPARENT CONSUMPTION OF FISH PER COUNTRY IN AFRICA IN KG/PERSON (2011) ..................... 11

FIGURE 6 : TRADE FLOWS OF THE TOTAL FISHERY PRODUCTS TO AFRICA ...................................................... 14

FIGURE 7 : MAIN AFRICAN EXPORTERS OF FISHERY PRODUCTS ...................................................................... 15

FIGURE 8 : MAIN AFRICAN IMPORTERS OF FISHERY PRODUCTS ...................................................................... 15

FIGURE 9: MAIN SUPPLIERS OF THE FIRST FIVE AFRICAN IMPORTERS OF FRESH, LIVE, REFRIGERATED OR

FROZEN FISH (2008-2012) ................................................................................................................ 21

FIGURE 10 : MAIN SUPPLIERS OF THE FIRST FIVE AFRICAN IMPORTERS OF CANNED FISH AND FISH

PREPARATIONS, INCLUDING ALL SPECIES ....................................................................................... 22

FIGURE 11 : MAIN SUPPLIERS OF THE FIRST FIVE AFRICAN IMPORTERS OF CANNED SARDINES ...................... 24

FIGURE 12 : MAIN SUPPLIERS OF THE FIRST AFRICAN IMPORTERS OF CEPHALOPODES (AVERAGE DURING THE

PERIOD 2008-2012) ......................................................................................................................... 27

FIGURE 13 : MAIN SUPPLIERS OF THE FIRST AFRICAN IMPORTERS OF CRUSTACEANS (AVERAGE OVER 2008-2012) .............................................................................................................................................. 28

FIGURE 14: DEVELOPMENT OF IMPORTS OF THE MAIN AFRICAN IMPORTERS OF FRESH, LIVE, REFRIGERATED

OR FROZEN FISH BETWEEN 2000 AND 2012 ..................................................................................... 31

FIGURE 15 : IMPORT DEVELOPMENT OF THE MAJOR AFRICAN EXPORTERS OF CANNED SARDINES BETWEEN

2000 AND 2012 ................................................................................................................................ 32

FIGURE 16 : IMPORT DEVELOPMENT OF THE MAJOR AFRICAN IMPORTERS OF CRUSTACEANS BETWEEN 2000

AND 2012 ........................................................................................................................................ 33

FIGURE 17 : IMPORT DEVELOPMENT OF THE MAJOR AFRICAN IMPORTERS OF CEPHALOPODS BETWEEN 2000

AND 2012 ........................................................................................................................................ 34

FIGURE 18 : PARTS OF AFRICAN COUNTRIES IN THE TOTAL OF MOROCCAN EXPORTS OF FISHERY PRODUCTS

(2009-2013) ..................................................................................................................................... 36

FIGURE 19 : DYNAMICS OF MOROCCAN EXPORTS OF FISHERY PRODUCTS TO AFRICAN COUNTRIES (2009-2013) ....................................................................................................................................................... 36

FIGURE 20 : COMPARISON BETWEEN THE SHARE OF FOREIGN CATCHES IN AFRICA’S ZEE AND THAT OF

OTHER IMPORTANT FISHING REGIONS IN THE WORLD (AVERAGE 2000-2006) ................................ 44

FIGURE 21 : FOREIGN CATCHES STRUCTURE PER COUNTRY IN THE MAIN AFRICAN ZEES (AVERAGE 2000-2006) .................................................................................................... ERREUR ! SIGNET NON DEFINI.

_Toc390852683


« The major African countries, importers of fishery products, can

alone consume the biggest part of the other African countries'

exports without having their needs met ».

Source: ICTSD.org

Preamble

Choosing African integration for our country is a perfectly adequate part of the current reconfigurations of the world economy. These are characterized by the economic catch-up of the


emerging countries and the evolution towards a multi-polar international system where our continent is called to stand as a new world growth pole.

The economic results achieved during the last decade and the good perspectives that are taking shape incite to take the measure of an ongoing emergence based on solid foundations which proved to be resilient during the international economic and financial crisis. In fact, Africa is currently the most dynamic region in the world after Asia, offering therefore real growth opportunities, particularly for the Moroccan exports. These opportunities support Morocco's ambition to further strengthen its trade relations with this strong potential market which increasingly attracts the competitor countries that position themselves in dynamic niche sectors.

Besides the other agri-food products, fishery products play an increasingly significant role in meeting the nutritional needs of Africa's populations and actively contribute to this dynamic. In this regard, it should be noted that the trade exchanges of fishery products between Morocco and Africa represent only 13% of the total value of Morocco's exports of these products. Yet, since few years, the African continent has been offering a strong potential to increase the demand of these products, thereby constituting an opportunity for the Moroccan exporters of sea products.

It is within this context that the present study falls. It aims at analyzing the potential offered to the Moroccan fishery products in this dynamic market in order to identify the progress margins owned by Morocco in terms of exportation both at the level of categories and markets. This analysis shall contribute in studying and strengthening the strategy of positioning the Moroccan exports in this strong potential market where competition becomes increasingly merciless.

In its first chapter, the study will introduce the situation and trends of the fisheries sector at the level of Africa while positioning it in the global context.

The second chapter relates to the analysis of the trade exchanges of fishery products in Africa focusing in a first stage on distinguishing between intra-African exchanges and those between Africa and the rest of the world. Then, it identifies the main African exporters and importers of fishery products as well as the structure of their exchanges per products' categories.

In the third chapter, the demand for imports per African country and per product exported by Morocco is studied for the purpose of identifying the main importers of these products and their suppliers and delimiting, for each product, the potential export markets that are dynamic and promising for the growth of Moroccan exports of sea products.

Then, a cross-checking of the potential African markets and the African destinations of the Moroccan exports of fishery products will allow to understand the extent to which Morocco is oriented to these countries and assess its position in the African market.

At the end, the last chapter will highlight the means and the constraints facing the development of Moroccan exports of fishery products in the African markets and will suggest some measures to take in order to enable Morocco to fully seize the growth opportunities offered in the African continent.

CHAPTER 1: SITUATION AND TRENDS OF THE FISHERY PRODUCTS SECTOR AND

AQUACULTURE IN AFRICA

1.1. Overview

Globally speaking, the total fishery production continued its strengthening to achieve 158 million tons in 2012, 58% of which provided by capture fisheries and 42% by aquaculture.


Since several years, this production has been dominated by Asia with a volume of 109 million tons in 2012, a large part of which (53%) is provided by aquaculture Concerning the African continent, its part remains weak (with only 9.7 million tons during the same year) contributing only by 6% to the total production, coming before Oceania (1%) and largely behind Asia (69%), America (14%) and Europe (10%).

The analysis per country shows that in 2012, only 24 countries produce more than 1 million tons per year (captures and aquaculture). Among these, 12 are Asian, 6 from the American continent, 4 European and 2 in the African continent. Furthermore, in three countries, namely China, Vietnam and Egypt, aquaculture production is higher than the captures one.

Graph 1 : Distribution of world fishery production (capture and aquaculture) per continent in 2012

Source : FAO data, elaborated by DEPF

It should be noted, however, that the main fishery products stocks in the world are fully exploited and a significant number among them is even overexploited (according to FAO statistics in 2009, 29.9% of the existing stocks were overexploited and 12.7% were not fully exploited). On the other hand, aquaculture continues its strong expansion (66.8 million tons in 2012 against 35 million tons in 2002) at a time when capture fisheries actually stagnated at 92 million tons. It is in this way that the aquaculture sector alone feeds the evolution of the world total production and allows to meet the increasing demand related mainly to the population growth.

Aquaculture growth is mainly the result of volunteering and the full success of the

Chinese policy, launched about twenty years ago, which allowed to establish an important Chinese aquaculture sector. Other countries are following the same path and should, during the coming years, become important aquaculture producers (Amazon Basin, Canadian lakes, ocean aquaculture...).

Graph 2 : World fishery production per continent and per production type (2012)

Europe

10%

Afrique

6%

Asie

69%

Océanie

1%

Amérique

14%


Source: FAO data, elaborated by DEPF

The strong expansion of the world fishery production combined with the development of modern distribution channels was reflected in a net increase of the world supply of fish intended for human consumption. Accordingly, the average supply per person increased from 14.4 kg during the nineties to 17.0 kg in 2000, then 18.9 kg in 2011.

This evolution, however, hides a significant imbalance of consumption levels of fishery products from one continent to another. In 2011, of 132 million tons available for human consumption, Africa featured the weakest fish consumption (10.4 kg/inhabitant), whereas China took two thirds of the total consumption (i.e. 21.4 kg/inhabitant). The average consumption per inhabitant for Oceania, North America, Europe, Latin America and Caribbean are respectively 25.1 kg, 21.7 kg, 22.0 kg and 9.9 kg.

Table 1 : Situation per continent for the total and per person supply of fish intended for human consumption (2011)

Source : FAO data, elaborated by DEPF

1.2. African countries' production of capture fisheries and aquaculture

According to FAO data (2012), fishery production of the African continent is estimated at over 9.7 million tons, i.e. about 6% of the world production. However, it should be noted that these official statistics do not take into account the catches of the foreign fleets which are very important and difficult to estimate, as well as those of illegal fishing. Furthermore, the lack of political stability in some African countries (Guinea Bissau, Sierra Leone and Liberia) encourages illegal, non declared and non regulated fishing (INN).

8,2

18,4

50,0

13,1

1,2

91,0

1,5 3,2

59,0

2,9 0,2

66,8

0,0

10,0

20,0

30,0

40,0

50,0

60,0

70,0

80,0

90,0

100,0

Afrique Amérique Asie Europe Océanie Monde

Mil

lio

ns

of

ton

s

Capture

Aqauculture

Total supply

Supply per person

Millions of tons (Kg/year)

World 132 18.9

World (excluding China ) 86.1 15.3

Africa 10.9 10.4

North America 7.6 21.7

Latin America and Caribbean 5.9 9.9

Asia 90.3 21.4

Europe 16.3 22.0

Oceania 0.9 25.1


There are strong disparities in terms of production among the different countries. During the period 2008-2012, the biggest African countries producer of fishery resources are respectively Egypt (1.24 million tons), Morocco (1.08 million tons), Nigeria (0.82 million tons), South Africa (0.61 million tons) and Uganda (0.49 million tons). These first five producers alone represent a total of fishery production of 4.2 million tons, i.e. about half of the African fishery production during the same period.

Graph 3 : Main African producers of fishery products (Average 2008-2012)


The first place is occupied by Egypt attributed, particularly, to aquaculture development1 whose production represents more than two thirds (70%) of the country's total fishery production. Egypt is by far the first in terms of aquaculture production in the continent with a part of 99% of the total production of North Africa. Nigeria occupies the second position in African aquaculture production which represents 24% of the country's total fishery production2.

For the other African countries, including Morocco, the volume of aquaculture

production remains very limited and the total aquaculture production does not exceed 1 million tons (2012) despite the huge natural potential of the continent.

Graph 4 : Part of aquaculture in the production of main African producers of fishery products (average 2008-2012)

1 Egypt is currently the 2nd producer of tilapia, behind China, the first world producer of mullet. 2 In 2001, Nigeria announced a production of 85.000 tons of cat-fish, tilapia and other freshwater fish.

163

169

202

229

282

300

346

361

404

435

496

608

818

1 087

1 240

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

Kenya

Mozambique

Sierra Leone

Congo, Dem. Rep. of…

Angola

Mauritanie

Tanzania

Ghana

Namibie

Senegal

Uganda

Afrique du sud

Nigeria

Maroc

Egypte

Millions of tons



Finally, we note the case of the countries said to be continental such as Mali and Burkina Faso, where fishing developed thanks to the existence of important waterways (rivers of Niger and Senegal). Their production level, 126.000 tons in 2011 for both countries, remains relatively weak if compared to coastal countries.

1.3. Characteristics of the demand of the fishery products consuming African countries

The average quantity of fish consumed per inhabitant, which is very variable among the different countries of the African continent, varies from less than 0.2 kg to more than 30 kg. This situation reflects huge gaps in terms of fish availability that interact with various socioeconomic and cultural factors (culinary traditions, tastes, demand, revenues' levels, seasons, prices...). Consumption averages per country hide, however, disparities that are sometimes important among inhabitants of the same country, knowing that consumption is generally high in the coasts or in the regions having waterways or surrounding internal water areas.

The map of African consumption of fish per country shows that, for the majority of countries, sea products consumption remains obviously lower than the world average except for two groups of countries:

The first group, called major consumers of fish, with a yearly consumption exceeding 20 kg per inhabitant, includes Sierra Leone (34.2 kg), Gabon (33.9 kg), Ghana (27.2 kg), Gambia (26.6 kg), Congo (26 kg), Equatorial Guinea (25.9 kg), Senegal (23.5 kg) and Egypt (22.1 kg).

The second one includes the countries whose consumption is within the scope of the world average, i.e. between 10 and 20 kg. This group includes Cameron and Ivory Coast (18.1 kg), Nigeria (17.1 kg), Angola (14.2 kg), Benin and Uganda (13.5 kg), Libya (13.8 kg), Morocco, Tunisia and Togo (12.5 kg), Namibia (12 kg), Mauritania and Guinea (10kg).

The yearly average consumption in the other countries such as the Sudan, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Djibouti, Zimbabwe, Guinea Bissau, Rwanda, Burundi, Lesotho and Swaziland is at its lowest level, not exceeding 2 kg/inhabitant.

Graph 5 : Apparent consumption of fish per country in Africa in kg/person (2011)

8% 0,4% 0% 1,3% 0,1% 0,1% 3,9% 0,1% 0% 16,4%

0,6%

0%

24%

0.1% 70%

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400M

illio

ns

of

ton

s Aquaculture

Capture

Algeria 3.9 Libya

13.8

Tunisia 12.4

Egypt 22.1

Mauritania 10

Mali 8.8

Morocco 12,5



Fish consumption per inhabitant

0-2 kg 10-20 kg

2-5 kg 20-30 kg

5-10 kg 30-40 kg


CHAPTER 2: TRADE EXCHANGES OF FISHERY PRODUCTS IN AFRICA

Fishery products are among the most exchanged products in the world. The global value of fishery products exchanges reached about $ 129 billion in 2012 after having fallen in 2009 because of the impact of the world economic crisis.

World trade of fishery products has a weight that varies from one country to another. China is by far the main exporter of fish, followed by Norway, Thailand, Vietnam and USA. Regarding the main importers, USA and Japan come at the top, followed by Spain, China and France.

Besides these major actors of fishery products world trade, developing countries play a fundamental role as suppliers of world markets with these products but still depend on developed countries which, in 2010, absorbed 67% of the fishery products exports' value of the developing countries. Concerning fishery products trade among developed countries, it represents only 33% of the value of their fishery products exports.

2.1. Cartography of the trade exchanges of fishery products in Africa and with the rest of the world.

Africa plays a significant role both as a supplier of fishery products for major importers and as an importer of these products.

At the level of exports to the rest of the world, African exports of fishery products concerned an average of more than $ 5 billion between 2008 and 2012, wherein a share of 63% intended for Europe, about 17% for Asia and about 3% for America. During the same period, these exports represented about 12% of agri-food products of Africa and 1% of its total exports.

Concerning imports from the rest of the world, during the period 2008-2012, Africa's global imports of fishery products exceeded $ 4 billion, wherein a proportion of about 67% coming from Europe (30%) and from Asia (37%). During the same period, these imports represented about 4% and 0.7%, respectively, of Africa's agri-food and global imports.

If we consider the balance of exchanges in value, the simultaneous positive evolution, during the last ten years, of African imports and exports of fishery products allowed to keep Africa as a net exporter of these products, with an obvious decrease of the positive balance during the last three years following the sharp increase of imports of these products.

Finally, and concerning intra-African exchanges, they represented only an average part of 20% ($ 905 million) of fishery products global imports during the period 2008-2012.


Graph 6 : Trade flows of the total fishery products to Africa (in millions of dollars)

Africa's imports of fishery products per continent (average 2008-2012)

Africa's exports of fishery products per continent (average 2008-2012)

Assessment of the total of fishery products' imports and exports for Africa (millions of dollars)


63

1344

1667

48451

550,9

Total : 4,48

milliards de dollars

103

3453

936

49

130

Total : 5,46

milliards de dollars

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Exportations

Importations


2.2. Main African importers and exporters of fishery products

On an average of $ 5 billion exported by the African continent during the period 2008-2012, Morocco is by far the first African exporter of fishery products with $ 1.4 billion, therefore contributing by up to 30% to African total exports of the sea products. The second position is occupied by Namibia, Mauritania and South Africa each of which provided about 10 % of exports during the same period.

Graph 7 : Main African exporters of fishery products (Average 2008-2012)

Source: UNCDAT data, elaborated by DEPF

At the level of imports, Nigeria, with an annual average of $ 978 million during the period

2008-2012, is the first African importer of fishery products followed by Egypt with an average of $ 506 million, followed by Ivory Coast and South Africa with, respectively, $ 343 million and $267 million.

Graph 8: Main African importers of fishery products

(Average 2008-2012)


143,2

184,3

209,3

247,8

308,8

354,5

447,4

483,1

516,6

1435,4

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600

Madagascar

Tunisie

Tanzanie

Ghana

Sénégal

Seychelles

Afrique du Sud

Mauritanie

Namibie

MarocEn millions de $

95,8

119,9

121,7

135,0

184,0

198,7

266,8

342,9

506,6

978,5

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Libye

Rép.dém.Congo

Maroc

Ghana

Angola

Cameroun

Afrique du Sud

Côte d'Ivoire

Égypte

NigériaEn millions de $


2.3. Structure of African exports and imports per product

2.3.1. Structure of African exports per product

African exports structure per product during the period 2008-2012 shows the dominance of fish (fresh, refrigerated or frozen) with a part of 43%, followed by crustaceans/molluscs (29%) and canned fish/fish preparations (25%).

Table 2: Structure of exports of the first ten African exporters of fishery products intended for human consumption

(Average parts during the period 2008-2012)

Higher than 50% Between 10% and 50% Lower than 10%

Source : UNCDAT data, elaborated by DEPF

The analysis of the structure of exports per country show the strong dominance of fresh fish in the exports of many exporting countries, particularly Namibia (2nd African exporter) whose share of fresh fish represents 93% of the total, Mauritania (3rd African exporter), with a share of 59% of the total and South Africa (4th African exporter) with a share of 56% of the total of fishery products exports. The case of the Republic of Tanzania should be pointed out, where fresh fish exports represent 85% of its total fishery products exports.

Concerning crustaceans and molluscs exports, Morocco (1st African exporter) is the main actor in this sector, since its products represent 40% of the total of exports. This also applies to Mauritania (3rd African exporter) whose exports of these products represent 39% of the total and to South Africa (4th African exporter) with a share of 32% of the total. There is space to mention the cases of Tunisia and Madagascar whose crustaceans and molluscs exports represent respectively 50% and 70% of the total.

10 main exporters

Fresh fish, live or dead,

refrigerated or frozen

Dried, cured or smoked

fish

Crustaceans, molluscs or

other aquatic invertebrates

Fish preparations

or canned fish

1. Morocco (26%) 18% 0% 40% 42% 2. Namibia (9%) 93% 1% 3% 3% 3. Mauritania (9%) 59% 2% 39% 1% 4. South AFrica (8%) 56% 1% 32% 10% 5. Seychelles (6%) 26% 15% 2% 58% 6. Senegal (6%) 61% 2% 33% 4% 7. Ghana (5%) 24% 1% 7% 68% 8. Republic of Tanzania

(4%) 85% 6% 9% 0%

9. Tunisia (3%) 33% 3% 50% 15% 10. Madagascar (3%) 3% 0% 70% 26%

Africa total 43% 3% 29% 25%


Concerning canned fish and fish preparations, Morocco also features among the first African exporters of these products with a share of 42% of its total exports. We should also note the important share of these products in the total exports of Seychelles (58%) and Ghana (68%).

Concerning dried, cured or smoked fish, there part in exports is relatively limited, save the case of Seychelles where this part represents 15% of the total exports.

Besides, the analysis of the value of the main exporting countries' exports per product allows confirming that Morocco comes at the top of the countries exporting canned fish and fish preparations and those exporting crustaceans and molluscs, with a value which is almost three times that of the second position country. Concerning fresh fish markets, it is Namibia that comes first followed by Mauritania and Morocco. Finally, concerning dried, cured or smoked fish, this sector is particularly monopolized by Seychelles.

Table 3: Ranking of the first ten African exporters per fishery product

Average of imports in millions of dollars during the period 2008-2012

Fresh fish, live or dead, refrigerated or frozen Dried, cured or smoked fish

Crustaceans, mollusks or other aquatic invertebrates Fish preparations or canned fish


2.3.2. Structure of African imports per fishery product

At the level of imports, fresh, refrigerated or frozen fish constitute the most important part of Africa's fishery products imports with a share of about 63% for the ten main importers during the period 2008-2012. Canned fish and fish preparations come second with a share of 21%, followed by crustaceans/molluscs and dried, cured or smoked fish with a share of 8% each.

0 200 400 600

Madagascar

Ghana

Tunisie

Seychelles

Tanzanie

Sénégal

Afrique…

Maroc

Mauritanie

Namibie

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Madagascar

Ghana

Mauritanie

Namibie

Tunisie

Maroc

Sénégal

Afrique du Sud

Tanzanie

Seychelles

0 200 400 600

Seychelles

Namibie

Ghana

Tanzanie

Tunisie

Sénégal

Madagascar

Afrique du Sud

Mauritanie

Maroc

0 200 400 600 800

Tanzanie

Mauritanie

Sénégal

Namibie

Tunisie

Madagascar

Afrique du Sud

Ghana

Seychelles

Maroc


This structure of imports applies to the majority of the countries in the ranking, except the following ones:

- South Africa, Angola and Libya whose canned fish and fish preparations occupy a significant position in their imports (respectively 56%, 41% and 89% of the total imported fishery products).

- Morocco whose crustaceans and molluscs represent 60% of its imports.

Table 4: Structure of the imports of the first ten African importers of fishery products (average shares during the period 2008-2012)

Higher than 50% Between 10% and 50% Lower than 10%


Finally, the analysis of the structure of the first ten importers' imports, per type of studied product, shows that Nigeria is by large the first importer of fresh, refrigerate or frozen fish, followed by Ivory Coast and Egypt. Nigeria is also the first importer of dried, cured and smoked fish, exceeding by more than three times the second and third position countries (Angola and the Democratic Republic of Congo). For crustaceans and molluscs, the imports of three African countries represent the most important part of Africa's demand of these products, with Egypt at the top followed by Morocco and South Africa. Concerning canned fish and fish preparations, South Africa and Egypt are the first buyers of these products, followed by Libya, Angola, Nigeria and Ghana.

10 main importers

Fresh fish, live or dead,

refrigerated or frozen

Dried, cured or smoked

fish

Crustaceans, mollusks or

other aquatic invertebrates

Fish preparations

or canned fish

1. Nigeria (22%) 78% 16% 1% 5% 2. Egypt (11%) 55% 0.2% 17% 28% 3. Ivory Coast (8%) 98% 0.1% 1% 1% 4. South AFrica (6%) 18% 1% 25% 56% 5. Cameron (4%) 96% 0.3% 0.3% 3% 6. Angola (4%) 36% 20% 2% 41%

7. Ghana (3%) 74% 1% 0.7% 25%

8. Morocco (3%) 19% 8% 60% 14%

9. Demo.Rep. of Congo

(3%) 60% 23% 0.7% 16%

10. Libya (2%) 10% 1% 1% 89%

Africa total 63% 8% 8% 21%


Table 5: Ranking of the first ten African importers per product

Average of imports in millions of dollars during the period 2008-2012

Fresh fish, live or dead, refrigerated or frozen Dried, cured or smoked fish

Crustaceans, mollusks or other aquatic invertebrates Fish preparations or canned fish

Source : UNCDAT data, elaborated by DEPF

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Libye

Maroc

Afrique du Sud

Angola

Rép. dém. du Congo

Ghana

Cameroun

Égypte

Côte d'Ivoire

Nigéria

0 50 100 150 200

Côte d'Ivoire

Libye

Cameroun

Égypte

Ghana

Afrique du Sud

Maroc

Rép. dém.…

Angola

Nigéria

0 50 100

Cameroun

Rép. dém. du…

Ghana

Libye

Côte d'Ivoire

Angola

Nigéria

Afrique du Sud

Maroc

Égypte

0 50 100 150 200

Côte d'Ivoire

Cameroun

Maroc

Rép. dém. du Congo

Ghana

Nigéria

Angola

Libye

Égypte

Afrique du Sud


CHAPTER 3: ANALYSIS OF AFRICAN DEMAND OF FISHERY PRODUCTS: FOCUS

ON THE MAIN PRODUCTS EXPORTED BY MOROCCO

3.1. Main suppliers of African countries with fishery products

In order to identify exports potential market opportunities in Africa for the Moroccan fishery sector, it is necessary to analyze the African market of fishery products by focusing on the demand on imports per country and per main products exported by Morocco. This would allow to identify the main importers of these products and their suppliers as well as assess Morocco's position in these countries.

The sample products concerned in this study relates to four important products, namely fresh, live, refrigerated or frozen fish, including all species, canned sardines, crustaceans (prawns) and frozen cephalopods (octopus, squid, sepiola and cuttlefish ).

3.1.1. Fresh, live, refrigerated or frozen fish

Fresh, live, refrigerated or frozen fish constitute the most important part of the continent's imports of fishery products (63% of the total imports during the period 2008-2012). Among the first five importers of these products, Nigeria is by far the first with $ 763 million in average during the period 2008-2012, i.e. 33% of the total African imports of these products, followed by Ivory Coast ($ 336 million), Egypt ($ 277 million), Cameron ($ 191 million) and Ghana ($ 99 million).

It should be specified that for Nigeria and Egypt, the most important part of imports of fresh, live, refrigerated or frozen fish (more than 45%) come from China, Netherlands, Norway and Vietnam. Concerning Ivory Coast and Cameron, their main supplier is Mauritania, with respectively (42%) and (31%).

Concerning Morocco, its contribution remains very limited with a share of 24% on the fifth market, namely Ghana (i.e. the first supplier of this country) and a weak share of 8% on the second African market of fresh fish, namely Ivory Coast (the second supplier of this country, largely behind Mauritania with 42%). On the other major African markets, Morocco is almost absent.

It should be recalled that Moroccan exports of these products increased in average to about $ 263 million during the period 2008-2012 and were mainly intended for Spain with 38% of the total. The share of Ghana and Ivory Coast in these exports was 9% and 6% respectively.



Graph 9: Main suppliers of the first five African importers of fresh, live, refrigerated or frozen fish (2008-2012)

Table 6: Share of the MAIN DESTINATIONS FOR MOROCCAN EXPORTS of fresh, cured, dried

or smoked fish (2008-2012)

Destinations 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Average part

Extra African Spain 44% 42% 37% 35% 31% 38%

Brazil 7% 8% 10% 4% 9% 8%

Japan 8% 6% 5% 6% 7% 7%

Italy 4% 4% 4% 4% 4% 4%

Portugal 2% 4% 3% 3% 8% 4%

Russian Federation 1% 1% 2% 7% 6% 3%

Intra-African Ghana 6% 5% 12% 15% 7% 9%

Ivory Coast 7% 6% 5% 4% 5% 6%

Algeria 0% 1% 1% 1% 2% 1%

Egypt 2% 1% 1% 0% 1% 1%

Namibia 0% 2% 1% 1% 1% 1%

Cameron 1% 1% 1% 1% 0% 1%

Total (in millions of dollars)

293.01 274.8 254.5 244.4 230.7 263.3

Côte d’ivoire

336 M$

Egypte

277 M$

Ghana

99 M$

Nigéria

763 M$Cameroun

191 M$

Chine 17%

Norvège 13%

Pays Bas 14%

Chili 6%Emirates 6%

Autres 45% Pays bas 30%

Vientnam 15%

Norvège 7%Japon 7%Esapgne 6%

Autres 35%

Maroc 24%

Mauritanie 13%

Namibie 9%

Espagne 8%

Pays Bas 7%

Autres 46% Mauritanie 31%

Autres 36%

Sénégal 7%Afrique du Sud 8%

Argentine 9%Chine 10%

Mauritanie 42%

Pays Bas 8%

Sénégal 8%Maroc 8%Espagne 7%

Autres 28% 3

1

25

4


3.1.2. Canned fish and fish preparations

3.1.2.1. Overview

The study of the main African importing countries of canned fish, including all species, in relation to their suppliers, during the period 2008-2012, shows that Moroccan exports of canned fish are not generally intended for high-demand countries.

In fact, for the case of four major African importers of canned fish, Thailand stands by far as the first supplier. During the period 2008-2012, this country provided about 80% of imports of the first three importers, namely South Africa, Egypt and Libya and a share of 35% for Angola.

Concerning Morocco, during the same period, its presence is observed only on Nigerian and Angolan markets with respective shares of 45% and 30% thanks to its canned sardine’s exports. Therefore, we note the weak shares of Morocco on the Egyptian and Libyan markets (2% each). Similarly, Morocco is totally absent in South Africa, the first canned fish importer in Africa.


Graph 10 : Main suppliers of the first five African importers of canned fish and fish preparations, including all species

NB: Ranking made based on average imports during the period 2008-2012

Libye

85 M$

Egypte

141 M$

Nigéria

52,5 M$

Afrique du Sud

150,4 M$

Angola

75 M$

Maroc 45%

Ukraine 18%

Chine 15%

Thailande 6%Brésil 5%

Autres 11%

Thaïlande 75%

Chine 9%

Autres13%

Inde 3%

Thaïlande 73%

Oman 7%

Indonésie 6% Chine3%

Maroc

2%

Thaïlande 86%

Maroc

2%

Autres 6%

Indonésie 2%

Thaïlande 35%

Chine 7%

Portugal 12%

Maroc 30%

Autres 17%

1

2

3

5

4


3.1.2.2. The case of canned sardines

This section, with regard to African exchanges of canned fish and fish preparations, focuses the analysis on canned sardines which constitute the main product of our country's canning industry in order to detect the potential opportunities offered to Moroccan exports.

Concerning the African market of canned sardines, it should be pointed out that Egypt and Libya do not feature on the list of the first five importers of these products. At the level of the presence of Moroccan exports on the continent, we note that Morocco occupies the first position, largely ahead of Indonesia, in meeting the demand of the first African importers for canned sardines, except South Africa, the first African importer of this product. In fact, the market shares achieved during the period 2008-2012, show that Morocco is the main supplier of Angola (second African importer of canned sardines) with a share of 68%, Nigeria (93%), Ghana (72%) and the Democratic Republic of Congo (80%).

Concerning the first market of canned sardines, not only in Africa but in the world, namely South Africa, the share of Morocco is almost zero. This country is mainly supplied by Thailand with 54% of the market share, Namibia (21%) and China (5%). This situation unveils a significant potential for Moroccan exporters.

In broad terms, Morocco's exports of canned sardines, for which Morocco hold a leader position on the world market, are distributed in a fairly diversified manner among many countries of the EU (including in particular France with an average share of 11% of the total exports, Germany (7%), Spain (6%), USA (5%) and some African countries, including the ones mentioned in the Table below.


Source: Comtrade data, elaborated by DEPF

Graph 11 : Main suppliers of the first five African importers of canned sardines

NB : Ranking made based on average imports during the period 2008-2012

Table 7: Shares of the MAIN DESTINATIONS FOR MOROCCAN EXPORTS of canned sardines (2008-2012)


Extra African

France 11% 13% 9% 10% 10% 11%

Germany 7% 7% 6% 7% 7% 7%

Spain 5% 8% 6% 4% 5% 6%

USA 4% 6% 5% 6% 6% 5%

Syria 5% 8% 6% 4% 4% 5%

Intra-African

Nigeria 6% 5% 8% 8% 8% 7%

Angola 7% 3% 5% 6% 5% 5%

Ghana 4% 4% 5% 7% 6% 5%

DRC 3% 1% 3% 2% 5% 3%

Togo 3% 3% 4% 5% 2% 3%

Equatorial Guinea 2% 4% 2% 2% 2% 3%

Total (millions of dollars) 403.765 395.186 392.768 296.99 416.932 381.1282

Nigéria

26,4 M$

Rép.Dém.

Congo

11 M$

Angola

28,8 M$

Ghana

25,4 M$

Sud Afrique

120,2 M$

Thailand54%Namibie

21%

Chine5%

Maroc0,32% Autres

19%

Maroc68%

Indonésie9%

Autres 22%

Maroc93%

Indonesie6%

Autres1%

Maroc72%

Indonésie23%

Autres4%

Maroc80%

Indonésie15%

Autres5%


3.1.3. Crustaceans and mollusks

3.1.3.1. Overview

As previously mentioned, crustaceans and molluscs imports constitute only a weak share of the total of African imports of fishery products. In a yearly average total of $ 3.7 billion of Africa's imports during the period 2008-2012, crustaceans and molluscs represented a share of 8%.

These imports are made by a limited number of importing countries (10 countries in total), wherein the first three ones (Egypt, Morocco and South Africa) represent together 80% of the total imported by the African continent of these products.

These products come from many countries, namely Vietnam and China for Egypt (32% of the country's total imports), the Netherlands for Morocco (58% of the total) and India for South Africa (41% of the total). Concerning Namibia, Angola and Ivory Coast, their imports are provided by suppliers from Europe, particularly Portugal, Spain and Norway.

Graph 11: Main suppliers of the first five African importers of molluscs and crustaceans (2008-2012)


Maroc

73 M$

Côte d’Ivoire

3 M$

Egypte

88 M$

Namibie

14 M$

Afrique du Sud

66 M$

Angola

4,5M$

Autres 18%

Inde 10%

Portugal 68%

Sud Afrique 4%

Pays-Bas 58%

Belgique 9%

Chine 9%

Autres 24%

Norvège 89%

Autres 6%

France 5%

Autres 46%

Pakistan 10%

Inde 12%

Chine15%

Vietnam17%

Inde 41%

Autres 31%

Mozambique 7%

Thailande 10%

Chine 11%

Espagne 48%

Autres 20%

Afrique du Sud7%Espagne 11%

ïles Falkland 14%

2

6

1

3

5

4


3.1.3.2. Case of frozen cephalopodes and crustaceans

The focus here is on African exchanges of molluscs and crustaceans, the segments of frozen cephalopodes (octopus, squid and cuttlefish) and crustaceans (prawns) that constitute the most important part of the Moroccan exports of molluscs and crustaceans.

Frozen cephalopodes

In Africa, frozen cephalopodes imports represent a marginal share in the total of fishery products imports since their volume does not exceed $ 20 million for each of the major importing countries including South Africa (which is at the top with $ 2 million), Egypt ($ 13 million), Namibia ($ 9.5 million) and Morocco ($ 8 million). The most important part of cephalopodes imported by these countries relates to cuttlefish and squid which represent together more than 85% of the total of imports of this products' category.

The most important part of frozen cephalopodes imports come from China which stands as the first supplier of African countries, except Namibia (more than 80% of its imports of these products come from Spain).

Concerning Moroccan exports of frozen cephalopodes, the major part of them (more than 93% of the total during the period 2008-2012) is intended for three countries, namely Spain, Italy and Japan. It should be recalled that the exports of frozen cephalopodes comprise mainly frozen octopus (70%), a high commercial value product, and cuttlefish and squid (up to 27%). This dominance of octopus explains, in part, the absence of Morocco as a supplier for African markets whose imports comprise mainly squid and cuttlefish.


Graph 12 : Main suppliers of the first African importers of cephalopodes (average during the period 2008-2012)

Table 8: Shares of the MAIN DESTINATIONS FOR MOROCCAN EXPORTS of cephalopodes

(2008-2012)


Spain 59% 51% 57% 65% 57% 58%

Italy 20% 24% 16% 15% 15% 18%

Japan 17% 18% 18% 13% 18% 17%

Portugal 0% 0% 4% 3% 1% 2%

Thailand 1% 1% 3% 1% 3% 2%

Greece 2% 3% 2% 1% 1% 2%

China 0% 0% 0% 0% 3% 1%


585.04 430.64 367.08 476.67 490.96 470.08

Source: Comtrade data, elaborated by DEPF

Maroc

8,61 M$

Namibie

9,41 M$

Afrique du Sud

20,2M$

Egypte

15M$

Chine

34%

Espagne18%

Iles falkland

13%

USA9%

Peru9%

Autres

18%

chine42%

Yemen29%

Autres29%

Espagne81%

Afrique

du Sud5%

Argentine4%

Autres9%

Chine45%

Espagne 34%

Autres

21%


Crustaceans

Despite their weak share in the total of African imports of fishery products, crustaceans are granted greater importance compared to cephalopods.

Among the main importers of these products, along the period of 2008-2012, are Egypt with the average volume of imports of USD 75 million, Morocco (USD 64 million) and South Africa (45 USD million). These three countries representing together over 80% of African demand for these products.

As for the main providers, they are represented by some Asian countries, such as Vietnam, Pakistan and India for Egypt and India and Thailand for South Africa.

As for Morocco, its imports are mainly from the Netherlands and Belgium. Morocco remains a net exporter of crustaceans which main destinations are Spain, Netherlands and Belgium, representing an average 93% of Moroccan exports of crustaceans for the period of 2008-2012.

Graph 13 : Main providers of the first African importers of crustaceans (average over 2008-2012)

Table 9 : Shares of the main destinations for Moroccan exports of crustaceans (over the period of 2008-2012)

Destinations 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Average share

Holland 18% 28% 40% 50% 53% 38%

Spain 74% 58% 42% 40% 31% 49%

Belgium 4% 7% 6% 5% 6% 6%


136,853 121,9 174,934 202,036 180,647 163,274

Source : Comtrade Data, elaboration of SFFD

Morocco 64,18 M$

South Africa

45 , 57 M$

Egypt 75,75 M$

Vietnam 19 %

Pakistan 15 %

India 12%

Emirates

9%

China 8%

Others 36%

Pays Bas 65%

Belgium

11%

Denmark 6%

China 4 %

Others 14%

India 58% Thailand

14%

Mozambique

e 9%

Others 19 %


3.2. Dynamics of African demand for fishery products

This part focuses on the analysis of evolution, over the last decade, of the African demand for seafood products by country, focusing on the case of the main products exported by Morocco and the 5 main African importers of these products. The objective is to examine the behavior of the main dynamic and / or promising markets in order to strengthen Moroccan exports of seafood products.

3.2.1. Overview

Africa is now the most dynamic region in the world after Asia in terms of growth. It provides growth opportunities that Morocco can seize. Indeed, the cross between the growth rate and the value of fish products imports by continent over the last 5 years shows a strong dynamic of the African demand, despite its low weight in world exports. The product analysis revealed, in fact, a sustained momentum of canned fish (22% CAGR), far exceeding the growth dynamics in other continents including Europe with a growth rate of 3%.

Similarly, for fresh fish, refrigerated or frozen, African imports registered during the same period an average growth rate of 9%, similar to the rate of demand for these products in Asia (8%), but with a lower share in global imports of these products.

Moreover, despite their low share in the total world imports of crustaceans and molluscs, Africa registered a strong growth of demand for these products estimated at 21% of annual average over the period of 2007-2012.


Table 10: Crossing between the growth rhythm and the value of fishery products imports per continent over the last 5 years

(TCAM 2007-2012 ; Imports in billion dollars) Messages

can

s an

d p

rep

ara

tio

ns

of

fish

Strong momentum of the African demand for canned

fish (22% CAGR), far exceeding the growth

dynamics of other continents, major importers of these products, including

Europe (3%), Asia (10%) and America (8%).

Fro

zen

, re

frig

era

ted

or

fres

h f

ish

Growth momentum of the demand for fresh fish in

Africa comparable to that of Asia (8%) but well ahead of

Europe (2%).

Cru

stacean

s an

d m

oll

usc

s

Strong growth of African imports of crustaceans and molluscs despite their small

share in the global imports of these products with an

AAGR of 21% against 9% for Asia and only 0.3% for

Europe.

Source : UNCDATdata , elaboration of SFFD

America (8%; 5,2)

Asia (10% ; 5,6)

Africa (22%; 0,7)

Europe (3% ; 8,9)

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Importats in billions of $

CAGR

America (7%; 9,3)

Asia (8%; 22,9)

Africa (9%; 2,5)

Europe (2%; 21,8)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Imports in billions of $

CAGR

America (2%; 6,9)

Asia (9%; 11)

Africa (21%; 0,3)

Europe (0,3%; 9,9)

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

-5 0 5 10 15 20 25

Imports in billions of $

CAGR


3.2.2. Fresh fish

The analysis of the dynamics of the African demand for fresh fish shows that Nigeria is, for over 10 years, the largest importer of this product at the African level with a high growth rate registered during these last years. Thus, imports of fresh fish in this country increased from 254 million in 2000 to $ 870 million in 2012, with a peak of almost $ 1.2 billion in 2011.

Fresh fish imports from Egypt and Cameroon also registered a significant and continuous progress since 2006 (CAGR of 15% and 26% respectively), to stand at USD 361 million for Egypt and USD 260 million dollars for Cameroon in 2012, allowing them to become, over the 2008-2012 period, respectively, third and fourth African importers of fresh fish after Côte d'Ivoire. For the latter, imports of this product experienced a significant increase over the period of 2000-2008, before stabilizing at a level oscillating between 220 and 250 million dollars in recent years.

Graph 14: Progression of imports of the main African importers of fresh, live, refrigerated or frozen fish between 2000 and 2012

In millions of dollars

Source: Comtrade Data, elaboration of SFFD

3.2.3. Canned sardines

A review of the development of imports by the major African importers of canned sardines, during the last decade, shows a strong momentum of demand for this product, largely attributable to the sharp increase in South African imports (+ 80% between 2006 and 2012), allowing this country to take the position of the first importer of canned sardines with a volume of USD 150 million in 2012, far ahead of Angola, which comes second with around USD 30 million.

For the other main African importers of this product over the last 10 years, led by Angola and followed by the Democratic Republic of Congo and Nigeria, they have also experienced a positive dynamic and especially a considerable expansion since 2010 of markets of Angola and the Democratic Republic of Congo (+ 70% each between 2010 and 2012).

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Nigéria Côte d'Ivoire Égypte Cameroun Ghana Rép. dém. du Congo Angola Seychelles


Graph 15 : Import development of the major African exporters of canned sardines between 2000 and 2012

In thousands of dollars

Source: Comtrade data, elaboration of SFFD

3.2.4. Crustaceans

The analysis of the development of crustaceans’ imports in Africa shows a strong rise in demand over the last decade and especially after 2005. Egypt and Morocco were the main importers behind this strong growth and saw their imports increase, respectively 93% and 45% between 2003 and 2010. Thus, Egypt's imports increased from 317 thousand dollars in 2003 to 119 million dollars in 2012, allowing it to become since 2008 the first African importer of crustaceans, a position formerly occupied by South Africa. The latter had, also, experienced a positive but less important growth during the same period (+ 16% between 2003 and 2012).

For Morocco, the significant increase in imports during these recent years is due, firstly, to the decrease of domestic production following the recurrent biological stops for reasons of regeneration of shrimp stocks and also to the more competitive prices of foreign products, coming mainly from the Netherlands and China, compared with the prices of domestic products.

As for Nigeria and Côte d'Ivoire, and despite their low imports of crustaceans, which did not exceed an average of USD 3 million over the period of 2008-2012, they registered a significant increase over the last decade, especially Nigeria (+ 68%).

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

140000

160000

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Afrique du Sud AngolaNigéria GhanaRép. dem. congo


Graph 16: Import development of the major African importers of crustaceans between 2000 and 2012


Source: Comtrade data, elaboration of SFFD

3.2.5. Cephalopods

Despite their low share in the total of African imports of fishery products, cephalopods imports were characterized, during the last decade, with a general rising trend highlighting signs of positive momentum in Africa.

By country, South Africa has long been the main African importer of cephalopods. Its imports of these products reached more than USD 21 million in 2008. The decline in demand registered in 2009, due to the global economic recession, has been cyclical. South Africa’s imports of cephalopods are quickly returned to their pre-crisis levels and have even been exceeded by achieving a new record of USD 25 million in 2011.

Other key African importers of cephalopods achieved similar performances since 2006. Thus, Egypt has its imports of these products multiplied by 10, to reach about USD 24 million in 2012 against USD 2.2 million in 2006, or roughly the same level as South Africa.

This growth in demand has also affected Morocco and Namibia which have experienced a positive and continuous growth of their imports of squid and cuttlefish, with respective growth rates of around 37% and 50% between 2003 and 2012.

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

140000

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Egypte Morocco

South Africa Nigeria

Côte d'Ivoire


Graph 17: Import development of the major African importers of cephalopods between 2000 and 2012


Source : Comtrade data, elaboration of SFFD

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

South Africa Egypt Morocco Namibia


CHAPTER 4 : MOROCCO’S POSITION IN AFRICAN IMPORTS OF FISHERY PRODUCTS

4.1. Analysis of Morocco’s presence in African seafood products’ market

4.1.1. Overall analysis

According to the analysis above, it appears that Morocco exports an average of USD 1.4 billion annually of fishery products. The African continent imports, over the period of 2008-2012, an average of nearly USD 3.9 billion of these products, of which only a proportion of 5.6% is of Moroccan origin.

The analysis of Moroccan exports to Africa shows that canned fish are the core of those exports with a market share of 19%. As for fresh fish, Morocco's exports register less than 2.5% of the African demand. As for crustaceans/mollusks, Morocco’s share is insignificant.

On the other hand, exchanges of fishery products from Morocco to Africa register only 15% of the total value of Moroccan exports of these products and are mainly limited to canned sardines, which about 19% of exports go to Africa.

Table 11: Proportion of African demand for major fishery products answered by

Moroccan exports in millions of dollars (Average 2008-2012)

Products

African demand

Total of Morocco’s

exports

Morocco’s exports to Africa

Smoked, salted, dried, live, fresh fish

2818 238,67 69

(2,4%* ; 26%**)

Crustaceans, molluscs and shellfish

296,4 628 0,12

(0%* ; 0%**)

Fish cans and preparation

763,7 605 149,3

(19%* ; 25%**)

Total 3878,3 1472,73 218,6

(5,6%* ; 15%**)

* Satisfaction rate of African demand by Moroccan exports;

** Relation between African and world destinations of Moroccan exports.

Source: UNCDAT data, elaboration of SFFD

These findings allow the conclusion that overall Moroccan exports of fishery products to the African market include significant growth margins to be exploited.

4.1.2. Analysis per country

The review of the presence of Moroccan seafood products exports in the various African countries is characterized by a high granularity. Thus, on a total number of African countries, Morocco is present in about 45 countries. However, the share of each country in total Moroccan exports of fishery products remains limited and barely exceeds 1% for most countries with the exception of Nigeria, Ghana and Angola with respectively shares of

1, 67%, 1.54% and 1.13%.

This situation is confirmed in particular by Morocco's neighboring countries, which are major importers of seafood products such as Libya (0.15% of Moroccan exports) or Egypt (0.47%). It


should also be noted that some European countries register much more important shares of Moroccan fishery exports, such as Spain which registers alone an average of 45%.

Graph 18: Parts of African countries in the total of Moroccan exports of fishery products (2009-2013)

Source: EO data, elaboration of SFFD

As for the export dynamics in each market, as measured by the average annual growth in exports over the period of 2009-2013, it remains marked by a strong heterogeneity from a country to another.

Thus, there is a positive and significant progress on key customer markets contrasting with a decline in some markets, including Togo (-6%), Equatorial Guinea

(-30%) and Gabon (-3%). However, a larger dynamic was seen in certain markets where the presence of Moroccan exports of seafood products remains limited, as in Cameroon (98%), Madagascar (+ 95%) and Uganda (+ 60%).

Graph 19: Dynamics of Moroccan exports of fishery products to African countries (2009-2013)

0,00%

0,50%

1,00%

1,50%

2,00%Nigéria

GhanaAngolaCote d'ivoire

TogoR.D. Congo

Benin

Guinée équatoriale

Gabon

Egypte

Congo

Gambie

Maurice (iles)

Tchad

guinée

Mauritanie

Cameroun

SénégalAlgérie

RéunionNamibieLibyeTunisieAfrique du sud

NigerMali

Liberia

Sierra Leone

Trinidad

Burkina Faso

Mayotte

Ouganda

Cap vert

Rwanda

Comores (iles)

Madagascar

Soudan

Kenya

Guinée BissauRepu. centrafricaine

EthiopieErythréeDjibouti


Source : EO data, elaboration of SFFD

Given the above, it is therefore clear that Moroccan exports of seafood products are highly spread between almost all African countries, with very limited shares for all of them and a progress which seems to follow no defined strategy.

4.1.3. Analysis by product type

If the overall analysis shows a strong potential for Morocco's seafood products exports to Africa, the fact remains that the situation varies considerably depending on the types of products that are exportable by our country.

4.1.2.1. Canned sardines

For canned sardines, which Morocco holds a leading position on the global market, Morocco is the main supplier for some African countries ranked among the top importers of this continent. Thus, Moroccan exports of canned sardines represent respectively 93% of the total external demand of Nigeria, 80% of the Democratic Republic of Congo, 72% of Ghana and 68% of Angola.

Nevertheless, Morocco exports very small quantities of canned sardines to South Africa (with a market share of only 0.3%), leading importer of this product not only in Africa but also worldwide. Thus, a significant shortfall remains to be explored at this first market of canned sardines, characterized by high dynamics of import demand (+ 80% between 2006 and 2012).

Table 12: Crossover between Moroccan exports of canned sardines’ destinations and the major African importers of these products

-100%-80%-60%-40%-20%

0%20%40%60%80%

100%Nigéria

GhanaAngolaCote d'ivoire

TogoR.D. Congo

Benin

Guinée équatoriale

Gabon

Egypte

Congo

Gambie

Maurice (iles)

Tchad

guinée

Mauritanie

Cameroun

SénégalAlgérie

RéunionNamibieLibyeTunisieAfrique du sud

NigerMali

Liberia

Sierra Leone

Trinidad

Burkina Faso

Mayotte

Ouganda

Cap vert

Rwanda

Comores (iles)

Madagascar

Soudan

Kenya

Guinée BissauRepu. centrafricaine

EthiopieErythréeDjibouti


(Average 2008-2012) Groups of fishery

products Ranking Morocco’s destinations

in Africa Ranking of Major African

importers

Canned sardines

1. Nigeria (7%)* 2. Angola (5%)* 3. Ghana (5%)* 4. DRC (3%)* 5. Togo (3%)* 6. South Africa (0.01%)*

1. South Africa (49%)** 2. Angola (11%)** 3. Nigeria (9%)** 4. Ghana (3%)** 5. DRC (1%)**

* Shares in the total of canned sardines Moroccan exports ** Shares in the total of African imports of canned sardines

Source: EO and Comtrade data, elaboration of SFFD

4.1.2.1. Fresh, live, refrigerated or frozen fish

As for fresh, live, refrigerated or frozen fish, which constitute the majority of Africa’s imports of fishery products (63% of its imports over the period of 2008-2012), Morocco plays a timid role as a provider of these imports since it registers less than 1%.

By country, the Morocco's fresh fish exports represent a share of 8% of the second African market fresh fish importer namely Côte d’Ivoire and 24% of Ghana's market, fifth importer on the continental scale.

It should be noted that Morocco remains totally absent from Africa's largest fresh fish market demanding countries, like Nigeria which is classified for more than 10 years as first African importer of these products (with USD 763 million on average over the period of 2008-2012). This, while Moroccan exports of these products were estimated to an average of nearly USD 263 million, intended mainly to Europe. Similarly, Egypt and Cameroon have become, since 2006, among the first African importers of fresh fish and represent markets with high growth momentum still unexploited by Moroccan exports.

Table 13 : Crossover between Moroccan exports’ destinations of fresh, live, refrigerated or frozen fish and the major African importers of these products (average 2008-2012)

Groups of fishery products

Ranking of Morocco’s destinations in Africa

Ranking of the major African importers

Fresh, live, refrigerated or frozen

fish

1. Ghana (8,8%)* 2. Côte d’Ivoire (5,5%)* 3. Algeria (1,15%)* 4. Egypt (1,13%)* 5. Namibia (0,91%)* 6. Cameroon (0,67%)*

1. Nigeria (35%)** 2. Côte d’Ivoire (14%)** 3. Egypt (12%)** 4. Cameroon (4%)** 5. Ghana (3%)**

* Shares in the total of Moroccan exports of canned sardines ** Shares in the total of Africa’s imports of canned sardines

Source: EO and Comtrade data, elaboration of SDDF

4.1.2.1. Crustaceans and cephalopods

Regarding crustaceans, Egypt is currently the first African importer of shrimp alongside Morocco and South Africa. Its imports of these products have seen a boom during these last years.


In addition, Nigeria and Côte d'Ivoire, despite their low imports of crustaceans that do not exceed an average of 3 million dollars for the period of 2008-2012, registered during the last decade a significant increase.

It should be noted that Morocco is totally absent from the African market of crustaceans, while its exports reached over the period of 2008-2012, USD 163 million for wholly destined to Europe. At this level, it is worth recalling that Morocco is among the African importers of shrimp while remaining a net exporter of this product.

Table 14 : Crossover between destinations of Moroccan exports of cephalopods and crustaceans with the major African importers of these products (average 2008-2012)

Groups of fishery products

Ranking of Morocco’s destinations in Africa

Ranking of the major African importers

Cephalopods

1. Mauritania (0.07% for

octopus and 0.06% for cuttlefish) * Senegal (0,14% for cuttlefish)*

1. South Africa (17%)** 2. Egypt (13%)** 3. Morocco (8%)** 4. Namibia (7%)**

Crustaceans

No African county

5. Egypt (33%)** 6. Morocco (28%)** 7. South Africa (20%)** 8. Nigeria (1%)** 9. Côte d’Ivoire (1%)**

* Share in the total of Moroccan exports of the product in question ** Share in the total of Africa’s imports of the product in question

Source: EO and Comtrade data, elaboration of SDDF

It also appears from this analysis that Africa is a promising market for Moroccan exports of cephalopods. Indeed, despite their marginal share in the total African imports of fishery products, African imports of cephalopods were characterized during the last decade by a positive dynamic. Indeed, Egypt has seen its imports of these products multiply by 10, allowing it to be ranked in the second position, right behind South Africa, the first importer of this product for over 10 years.

Regarding the position of Morocco in these markets, very small quantities are exported to Mauritania and Senegal, and this lasted unusually for a few years. At this level, it is worth recalling that the majority of African imports of cephalopods focused on cuttlefish and squid while the octopus, product of high commercial value, is not among those imports. This explains, in part, that the absence of Morocco on these markets is due to the fact that its exports of cephalopods consist mainly of frozen octopus (70%) and up to 27% of cuttlefish and squid.


CHAPTER 5: CHALLENGES OF MOROCCAN FISHERY EXPORTS TO AFRICA

The positive dynamics of fishery products’ imports registered in Africa (CAGR of 12% over the period of 2008-2012) shows that these products are increasingly sought after in order to deal with the sustained increase in demand. It also reflects significant absorption capacities and growth opportunities of trade exchanges between Morocco and African countries on a wide range of groups of fishery products.

Morocco seems to position itself in this dynamic and efforts have been observed in recent years resulting in the increase in the share of Africa in total Moroccan fishery exports. However, these achievements remain below the available possibilities. Indeed, despite slight positive development, in recent years, of African destination of Moroccan exports of fishery products (13% of the average value over the period of 2007-2012 against 11% from 2003 to 2007), these performances are low and Morocco remains weakly positioned in the continent, with the exception of some countries for specific products.

In contrast, we find that other countries have strengthened their position in the continent and get increasingly large shares of African demand for seafood products.

Certainly, the weak presence of Morocco is due to certain structural constraints which could cease existing only in the medium and long term in the hope that the targeted countries are part of a process of a sustained economic development and growth. However, these constraints alone cannot justify the limited performance of our fishery exports to Africa. Indeed, the lack of knowledge of the African market and the eating habits of its countries, inadequate logistics, lack of a real commercial strategy of Morocco, weak accompaniment of companies in their exporting business ..., are all constraints which contribute to the limitation of our performance in this market and for which public policy responses can be decided and implemented in the short term in a spirit of partnership with industry professionals.

As such, this chapter intends to i) recall the main assets available to the Moroccan sector of seafood products in terms of export to Africa; ii) list and analyze the main constraints, exogenous and endogenous, limiting our performances in Africa and iii) suggest areas for improvement for the promotion of exports of seafood products to this continent with great potential.

5.1. Morocco's assets for the development of trade exchanges with Africa

Morocco benefits from many natural, cultural, sociological and political advantages to develop strong trade relations with African countries in particular to strengthen its export of seafood products.

Geographical proximity to markets

Located northwest of the African continent, Morocco enjoys an exceptional location with a land access to the continent and relatively developed transport infrastructures in North Africa. As part of the Maghreb countries, opening on the Middle East, proximity variables should produce positive effects on intra-North African trade3.

3 Trade exchanges among North Africa zone countries are obviously below their potential


Beyond these advantages, Morocco has all the advantages to serve as a platform to export to Africa. Due to its geographical position and its close relations with all the countries of the region, Morocco can serve as an export hub for foreign companies seeking to enter the African market. In addition, this attractiveness is enhanced by a remarkable political and economic stability of our country.

Favorable political, cultural and cooperation frameworks

The unique geographical location of Morocco is strengthened by the ancestral historical ties with the countries of Africa, especially sub-Saharan Africa, based on cultural and political foundations, and further strengthening trade relations with these partners.

In addition, the strengthening of cooperation with African countries is one of Morocco's priorities under the framework of a dynamic regional integration and South-South cooperation. This concern was highlighted as early as 2000 with the cancellation by Morocco of the debt of the least developed African countries and exemption from customs duties for products from these countries entering Morocco. In the same context, the multitude of Moroccan projects inaugurated in several African countries also shows its willingness to pursue a coherent policy of solidarity in Sub-Saharan Africa.

To this is added the dynamics observed on the cooperation policy which seems to further integrate the improvement of cooperation and trade exchanges between Morocco and Africa. Indeed, more recently, following the royal visit to Africa, in 2014, Morocco ratified several agreements with Mali, Côte d’Ivoire, Gabon, Guinea…, regarding trade and investment touching on the promotion of exchanges in the sector of fisheries ( see Annex 1).

Strong presence of various Moroccan economic operators on the African market and

promising development prospects

Morocco’s South-South cooperation policy was accompanied and reinforced during the past decade by initiatives undertaken by the Moroccan private sector in Sub-Saharan Africa. Thus, several national companies operate currently in various fields (banking, insurance, mining, real estate, energy ....) and enjoy a strong presence in some countries in Africa and they are even leaders in their markets.

Among these areas, the banking sector, with many operations to open Moroccan bank subsidiaries in Africa, is one of the encouraging factors for Moroccan operators to strengthen their presence in the markets of this area. Indeed, the presence of these banks in Africa is not only a guarantee of security for Moroccan investors, but also a reliable source that enables to process and provide feedbacks on market conditions, the situation of importers and business opportunities.

A fishing sector developed with an established processing industry

The fishing resources of our coasts grant Morocco an undeniable competitive advantage to position itself as a major exporter in the African market. In addition, the fish processing industry in Morocco enjoy a long experience and know-how to be exploited to adapt to the requirements and constraints of the African market.

5.2. Constraints to the development of Moroccan exports of fishery products in African markets


The development of Moroccan exports of fishery products in Africa remains dependent on a suitable strategy and the removal of several restrictions and difficulties, both external and internal, which scope should be outlined.

5.2.1. Exogenous factors

Multitudes of blockages in intra-African trade

The multiplicity of national less un-crossable borders, which is a characteristic of the African continent, hinders intra-continental trade. In fact, the obligation to cross several borders and comply with different trade regimes causes weakness of market integration. Thus, by way of example, the transit of national carriers by the first Mauritanian border may cause delays of up to three days because of bureaucratic red tape, making the preservation of perishable products including fresh and frozen fish impossible.

Tariff barriers hampering the development of the Moroccan-African trade exchange and the low efficiency of trade agreements between African countries

Intra-African trade continues to face fairly high customs costs. According to the 2013 UNCTAD report on intra-African trade, the exporter to external markets on the continent is subjected to an average protection rate of only 2.5%. However, to access a market in the continent, the exporter suffers an average applied protection rate of 8.7%.

Rates vary by country and products, the highest rates subject especially exchanges among sub-Saharan countries and North African countries. Thus, for example, Moroccan exports to Nigeria are subjected to an average protection rate of 65.7% while Nigerian exports to Morocco are only subjected to an average rate of 17.6%.

Similarly, the insufficient implementation by African countries of regional trade agreements is a real impediment to intra-African trade.

High costs of logistics and inadequate infrastructures

Transaction costs (transport and insurance) that are high in Africa greatly hamper the growth of intra-continental trade, especially as the road remains the primary means of transporting goods in this trade. Overall, it is noted that the high costs of transportation harms the expansion of trade more than tariff or non-tariff trade restrictions. According to the same report (intra-African trade, UNCTAD 2013), transaction costs are, on average, higher for intra-African trade and for exchanges with the rest of the world. Thus, the average cost of transport in Africa represents 7.7% of the total export value, that is to say double the global average of 3.7%.

In addition to the above constraints, the development of exports towards African countries faces a major constraint related to the weakness and the quality of infrastructure, roads and ports alike. Concerning the case of road infrastructure, which is currently the main means of transportation of goods between Morocco and the countries of Africa, it remains basic. Indeed, by way of example, after the road axis linking Morocco to Mauritania, the latter remains connected to Senegal via a 500 km track.


Low purchasing power and African imports concentrated on fresh fish

The relatively low purchasing power characterizing a big part of African countries does not allow the consumption of high commercial value products such as octopus, of which Morocco is a major producer and exporter in the global market. In addition, for crustaceans, the main African countries importing these products resort to aquaculture products from Asia at more competitive prices than Morocco’s products that are caught in sea.

On another aspect, most of the imports of the main African countries importing fishery products consist of fresh fish (63% of total fishery imports). This product requires short latency and strict compliance with the conditions of the cold chain to maintain its quality.

Tough competitiveness especially by the countries of Asia and Europe

Alongside major importers of fish products, several emerging markets are becoming more attractive partners for global exporters including the African continent.

Similarly, improving the production of fisheries capture in some countries, through fisheries agreements or increasing their aquaculture production contributes significantly to strengthening their presence in markets demanding fishery products at the international scale.

Moreover, following the growth of aquaculture, Africa has become a growing market for freshwater species bred in Asia. Some Asian countries, such as Thailand, China, Vietnam, Indonesia and India, are becoming increasingly important suppliers for major African importers of fishery products (including South Africa and Egypt).

It is noteworthy that through fishing agreements in African maritime areas, several foreign countries (Netherlands, Russia and Spain in particular) currently contribute significantly to the satisfaction of the African demand for fishery products, including fresh fish). In addition, several foreign countries are interested in investing in the field of processing fishery products, as the case of Chinese state group (Poly Technologies Inc. of China) which signed, in 2010, with Mauritania a memorandum of understanding for investment in the field of fisheries. These investments include a modern fish processing plant with the capacity of producing 44,000 tons per year and the construction of boats suitable for coastal and artisanal fishing and the development of new high value-added products from pelagic species, including sardines.


Frame 1 : Situation of African maritime areas’ exploitation by foreign fishing

African maritime areas are among the most exploited by foreign fishing in the world. According to data of "Sea Around Project", of the total of fishing undertaken in the maritime areas of Africa (EEZ), nearly 20% is carried out by foreign fishing under fisheries agreements undertaken between African coastal countries and foreign countries. Among these, Russia comes first (42% of foreign catch), followed by the EU countries (27%) and Asia (6%). However, catches undertaken by African countries in other countries of the same continent represents only 3% of the foreign catch.

Graph 20 : Comparison between the share of foreign catches in Africa’s ZEE and that of other important fishing regions in the world (average 2000-2006)

Source : www.seaaroundus.org

On these 20% of catches undertaken in Africa, Senegal and Mauritania are at the top of the main ZEE classified according to the Foreign catches over the period of 2000-2006. Furthermore, the analysis of the structure of these foreign catches per country in key African fishing areas, reveals the strong presence of Russia and EU countries with Spain, the Netherlands and Lithuania on top of the list.

Graph 21: Foreign catches Structure per country in the main African ZEEs (Average 2000-2006)

www.seaaroundus.org

107.099 T

102.125 T

33.487 T

32.289 T

31.952 T

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Amérique sud etcentrale

Pacifique ouest Iles pacifiques Afrique

Capture nationale Capture étrangère

Russia 42%

EU 27%

Asia 6%

Other African count…

Other countri

es …

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Sénégal Mauritanie MAURICE Madagascar Angola

Autres Japon Taiwan Corée Russie Pays européens


Finally, it is worth mentioning that this situation is due, partly, to inadequate articulation of fisheries policies between the African countries making good governance in African fishing grounds difficult. Indeed, despite several economic integration initiatives undertaken in different African regions, the fisheries sector is still managed mostly at the level of countries. This weak conjunction of fisheries policies among African countries is reflected in the negotiation of fisheries agreements which is done without any coordination among the African countries.

5.2.2. Endogenous factors

The exogenous factors listed above certainly and partly explain the poor performance of

Morocco's fishery exports to Africa. However, other factors specific to the Moroccan public policies are also at the origin of this situation.

Inadequate logistics

The poor infrastructure and logistics linking Morocco to the rest of the African countries constitutes a real obstacle to the development of Moroccan-African fishery trade as well as the lack of transit facilitation agreements which worsen these shortcomings.

Indeed, given the limitations identified previously regarding road infrastructure in Africa, maritime transport should be the main means of Moroccan exports to these countries. Nevertheless, and unlike some African countries linked with sea routes, this type of transport is not sufficiently exploited between Morocco and African countries.

The weakening of Moroccan production potential and the high concentration of exports in terms of processed products

Despite multiple upgrading actions on the Coast and Moroccan artisanal fleet, its

landings are marked by significant losses after important catches and a large part is dedicated to fishmeal industry, weakening this way the national production potential and not allowing the optimization of its value for it to be exported.

In addition, the small range of fishery products exported by Morocco to Africa (mainly canned pelagic) limits Moroccan fishery products trade on the continent. Moreover, freezing, filleting, canning are, indeed, the most practiced processing undertaken by Moroccan manufacturers. Nevertheless, the quasi-absence of more developed and stabilized products namely marinades and fish cooked-dishes that can meet the needs of the African populations and be transported under the current logistics conditions without their quality getting altered impaired is reported.

Need for a more adapted commercial strategy of Morocco vis-à-vis Africa

It is obvious that actions to promote Moroccan exports to Africa were initiated and carried out in particular by Morocco Export caravan. But to date, the need to have an integrated and coherent national trade strategy targeting the potential markets of this continent is more necessary than ever.

Indeed, the national operators should be better informed on commercial potentialities of African countries and the specific characteristics of their demand for fishery products. In this respect, it is necessary to conduct studies and communication campaigns to analyze and identify potential African markets, fishery products sought by these markets, their requirements in terms of quality, standards and regularity to be respected, and this while taking into account the possibilities of the national production.


On another aspect, it seems appropriate to strengthen the intra-sectoral integration of Moroccan exporters of fishery products to the countries of Africa. These operators continue, in fact, to act individually, which leads to considerable fragmentation of exports, resulting in high costs.

Finally, there is a real need for strengthening financial mechanisms covering risks incurred by operators, especially to face the uncertainty and instability of some African countries.


Conclusions and recommendations

The analyses carried out under this study revealed the strong potential enjoyed by

Moroccan exports of fishery products in the African market which conceals significant development capabilities not exploited yet.

Indeed, the cross between the growth rate and the value of imports of fishery products from this continent over the last five years reveals an increasing African demand for the majority of the studied products, with at the top of the list, canned fish (CAGR of 22% for canned fish, 21% for crustaceans and molluscs and 9% for costs). However, trade exchanges of fishery products between Morocco and Africa represent only 15% on average over the period of 2008-2012 of the overall value of Moroccan exports of these products. In addition, exports to this destination are strongly spread among almost all the countries of Africa, with very limited shares for all of them and an increase which does not seem to follow the strong momentum observed in markets.

In contrast, other countries (China, Vietnam, Thailand ...) strengthened their position in the continent and monopolize the more important shares of the African demand for seafood products.

The analysis of the major products exported by Morocco has identified the following findings:

- For the total of fishery products, Morocco annually exports to the world an average of USD 1.4 billion, over the period of 2008-2012, of which only an average of USD 218 million is dedicated to Africa over the same period. Nevertheless, the African continent imports worldwide around USD 3.9 billion of these products, of which only a proportion of 5.6% is of Moroccan origin. This allows concluding that Moroccan exports of fishery products to the African market include significant growth margins to exploit.

- For major products and concerning canned fish and fish preparations (sardines, anchovies, mackerel and others) which represent 25% of total African imports of fishery products, the African demand is met by Moroccan exports with an average rate of 19%, on the period of 2008-2012. Over the first five African importers of these products, Morocco's presence is observed only in the Nigerian and Angolan markets with respective market shares of 45% and 30%. On the other hand, very small shares of Morocco are registered on the Egyptian and Libyan markets (2% each), 2nd and 3rd African importers of canned fish, and a share which is almost naught (0.02%) is observed on the market of South Africa, ranked first African importer of these products.

- - More specifically for canned sardines, Morocco, which holds a leading position in the global market for this product (market share of 31% in 2012), the leading provider for some African countries ranked among the top importers of the continent (Angola, Nigeria, Ghana and the Democratic Republic of Congo), but a significant shortfall is still to be explored at the market of South Africa, where Morocco is almost absent. This market, classified by far the largest importer of canned sardines, is characterized by high dynamics of demand (AAGR of + 80% between 2006 and 2012). This country is provided mainly by Thailand with 54% of the market share, Namibia (21%) and China (5%).


- Regarding fresh, live, or frozen fish, which constitute the majority of imports of fishery products in Africa (63% of total imports over the period of 2008-2012), Morocco plays a timid role in meeting African demand for these products (2.4% of its total imports), while Moroccan exports of these products were estimated to reach an average of USA 263 million primarily intended to Europe. In addition, the targeting by Morocco the first major African demanding markets remains limited, as evidenced by the low presence of Morocco on the second and fifth African market importer of fresh fish (respectively Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana) and its total absence from the Nigeria market, first African importer of fresh fish (USD 763 million on average over the period of 2008-2012). Similarly, new opportunities non-exploited by Moroccan exports are reported in new markets in Africa namely Egypt and Cameroon who have become, since 2006, among the large African importers of fresh fish. At this level, it should be emphasized that the main suppliers of fresh fish are in Africa are China, the Netherlands, Norway, Vietnam and Mauritania. - In terms of the African market crustaceans, Morocco is totally absent, while its exports reached over the period 2008-2012 USD163 million on average, all dedicated to Europe. Currently, Egypt is the first African importer of shrimp, alongside Morocco and South Africa, and its imports of these products are marked by a strong expansion during these last years. - As for African imports of cephalopods, despite their marginal share in the continent’s total imports of fishery products, they have registered a sustained momentum during the last decade which is an opportunity for Moroccan exports. These imports include essentially cuttlefish and squid, which explain in part the absence of Morocco in this market, knowing that Moroccan exports of cephalopods consist mainly of frozen octopus (70%) and cuttlefish and squid (27%), dedicated mainly to Europe and Asia. Currently, South Africa and Egypt are the main importers of cuttlefish and squid.

In light of the undertaken analysis, the development of Moroccan exports of fishery products on the African market faces multiple exogenous constraints and which removal would only take place in the medium and long term. These are related mainly to several blocks to intra-African trade because of the multiplicity of difficulties at the borders of the countries, customs tariffs and high costs of logistics, the low purchasing power of the majority of African countries, the high concentration of demand on fresh fish, lack of infrastructure and the harsh competitiveness particularly by Asian countries.

Moreover, other endogenous constraints are also at the origin of the poor performance of Moroccan exports regarding fishery products in the African market. Among which are the constraints related to logistics, ignorance of the African market and the eating habits of these countries, the need for a more suitable business strategy for Morocco for fishery products and accompanying companies in their approach for export, and the high concentration of processed products...

Nevertheless, the various cooperation efforts, recently undertaken by Morocco with the royal command for the development of trade with Africa, reflect a new awareness of the growing importance of fishery exports’ opportunities which are currently highly concentrated, particularly in the market of Europe, Morocco's first partner in terms of foreign trade. Thus, the country must undertake reforms that can overcome these obstacles and favor the development of its intra-African trade. These could include, inter alia, the following:


- The development of exports by strengthening production capacity through pursuing the development of the Moroccan aquaculture industry, and also through the development of a national offshore fleet with international standards that can access, in addition to the Moroccan sea, to African fishing areas through specific agreements (factory-ships can ensure both quality catches and their export in a fresh state to African countries);

- The treatment of the inefficiency of the national policies of coordination in terms of fishing agreements at regional level and the implementation of a regional policy in Africa to allow better anticipation and more effective management of risks of stock depletion and degradation of the environment and aquatic biodiversity. This policy should also enhance production capacities in Africa and promote necessary synergies for the development of fisheries and aquaculture;

- The optimization of volumes on reducing post-catch losses and the improvement of onboard preservation conditions, particularly of small pelagics, which are ways to increase the Moroccan offer without increasing the deduction from the resource;

- The adjustment of the national trade policy of export and actions to bring about a specific coherent strategy for Africa to boost trade between Morocco and the other countries of Africa;

- Exploitation of export diversification opportunities through the increase exports of traditional products to new markets not yet explored (example: sardine canning in South Africa) and the development of exports of new products in the old and new markets. The adaptation of the exportable supply of Morocco at the request of Africa requires, also, investments in their market studies and innovation. The latter should encourage the offer of products that are adapted to the specific needs of the African population and the current conditions of logistics (products of aquaculture, products in canned, cooked-dishes, marinades ...)

- - Improving trade infrastructure through new land and sea connections between Morocco and African countries, which remain low and pose a problem of cost and delivery time, which greatly limits the intra-African trade (which is around 11-12% of Africa in world trade). The development of this infrastructure starts with the strengthening of coordination between the African countries for the establishment of viable financing instruments and their operationalization (like Africa funds 50 launched by the African Development Bank (ADB) to fund infrastructure in Africa). This requires the strengthening of the political engagement in the integration process, the effectiveness of organizations at the continental and regional level which are in charge of this process and the expertise and the financial capacities and a rigorous monitoring of initiated actions;

- The organization and federation of different families of Moroccan operators for export are, also, an important factor for the exploration of the African markets. A better collaboration of the economic operators with the banking sector combined with improved export insurance for SMEs operating in Africa is also necessary. Similarly, it is recommended to innovate in opening credit lines in order to guarantee payments in commercial transactions;

- The deployment of additional efforts to support Moroccan companies and encourage them to export more to the continent is highly solicited. Along with the organization of export caravans towards Africa, boosting marketing can be ensured by other marketing actions that accompany operators responsible for marketing;

- Strengthening strategic investments in Africa, in particular to exploit the Moroccan expertise in the fisheries sector and enhance trade in fisheries products in the regional markets can support this new ambition. The goal is to encourage investors to establish Moroccan seafood processing units in African countries with significant catch potential. The


recent initiative of the company Unimer (Moroccan leader in canned fish industries) to invest MAD 240 million in Mauritania for the implementation of an integrated industrial complex of transformation and upgrading pelagic fish, is a model to be followed by other Moroccan companies operating in this field.

- The promotion of intra-African trade through strengthening the implementation of existing regional trade agreements, especially those related to the elimination of tariff and non tariff obstacles. In this context, it seems appropriate to strengthen trade cooperation, especially with the four countries concerned by the recent Royal visit (Gabon, Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana and Mali).

- The establishment of an appropriate regulatory framework and further harmonization of fisheries agreements at the sub regional level allow the elimination of the challenges of bilateral fisheries agreements, notably in terms of the protection of African marine areas and the optimization of unobstructed benefits and the added value. It is, therefore, in favor of a sustained effort to remove obstacles limiting Moroccan exports in this sector that can build a strategic vision of Morocco in its own continent to help meet the food challenge faced by the increasing African populations. The evolution of the African demand allows it, Morocco has potentially the means and the royal will encourage it.


Appendices

Appendix 1 : Agreements in fisheries signed between Morocco and African countries in 2014

Several agreements were signed between Morocco and African countries, following the

royal visit to Africa in 2014. These agreements cover diverse areas, including finances,

investments, agriculture, air services, industry, export promotion, banking services,

telecommunications, and professional training. Among these bilateral agreements, many closely

deal with the promotion of trade in the fisheries sector, including:

In MALI

- Cooperation agreement between the Moroccan Centre for Promotion of Exports (Maroc Export), the Office of Fairs and Exhibitions of (OFEC) and the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Mali (CCIM);

- Cooperation agreement between the General Confederation of Enterprises of Morocco (CGEM) and Mali’s National Council of Employers (CNPM).

In CÔTE D'IVOIRE

- Cooperation agreement between Maroc-Export and the Association for the Promotion of Exports of Côte d’ivoire (APEX-CI); - Protocol creating the Joint Committee for the Implementation of the Cooperation Agreement on maritime fisheries and aquaculture; - Convention concerning the construction of a landing point in the location of Locodjoro / Abidjan; - Twinning agreement between the autonomous port of Abidjan and the fishing port of Dakhla; - Memorandum of Understanding for the establishment of a processing complex and valuation of pelagic fish of the Moroccan group Unimer in Côte d'Ivoire; - Two cooperation protocol between the autonomous port of Abidjan and on the one hand, the National Agency of Ports (Morocco) - Port of Agadir and the National Agency of Ports (Morocco) - Port of Casablanca.

In GUINEA

- Cooperation Protocol between the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Guinea and the Ministry of Agriculture and Maritime Fisheries of Morocco and the Cherifian Office for Phosphates (OCP);

- Memorandum of Understanding on capacity building of human resources of the Ministry of Fisheries and Aquaculture of the Republic of Guinea;

- Sea Fisheries Cooperation Agreement;

- Convention on the completion of a landing point and a fishing village;

- Cooperation agreement in the field of merchant marine;

- Memorandum of Understanding of maritime transport.


Appendix 2: Agreements of EU Fisheries Partnership The European Union signed partnership agreements in the field of fisheries offering partner countries (usually developing countries) financial and technical assistance in return for fishing rights.

Table 15 : List of the recent fishery partnership agreements of the UE

Country Expiration date Type Annual Contribution of UE

Part intended for supporting fishery policy

Maroc

New 4-year agreement signed on November 18 , 2013 and entered into effect on July 15, 2014

Mixed 30.000 000 € 14.000 000 €

Senegal No protocol in force since July 1, 2006

Mauritania 15.12.2014 Mixed 67 000 000 € 3 000 000 €

Seychelles 17.1.2014 Tuna 5 600 000 € 40%

Madagascar 31.12.2014 Tuna 1 525 000 € 550 000 €

Gabon 23.7.2016 Tuna 1 350 000 € 450 000 €

Mozambique 31.01.2015 Tuna 980 000 € 460 000 €

São Tomé and Principe

12.5.2014 Tuna 682 500 € 227 500 €

Côte d'Ivoire 30.6.2018 Tuna 680 000 € 257 500 €

Maurice 27.1.2017 Tuna 660 000 € 302 500 €

Comoros 31.12.2013 Tuna 615 250 € 300 000 €

Cape Verde 31.8.2014 Tuna 435 000 € 110 000 €

Guinea Agreement and protocol applied temporarily in 2009, but cancelled.

Guinea- Bissau No protocol in force

Equatorial Guinea

No protocol in force

Greenland 31.12.2015 Mixed 15 104 203 € 2 743 041 €

Kiribati 15.9.2015 Tuna 1 325 000 € 350 000 €

Micronesia No protocol in force since February 25, 2010

Solomon Islands No protocol in force since October 9, 2012

www.seaaroundus.org

http://ec.europa.eu/fisheries/cfp/international/agreements/seychelles/index_fr.htm

http://ec.europa.eu/fisheries/cfp/international/agreements/madagascar/index_fr.htm

http://ec.europa.eu/fisheries/cfp/international/agreements/gabon/index_fr.htm

http://ec.europa.eu/fisheries/cfp/international/agreements/mozambique/index_fr.htm

http://ec.europa.eu/fisheries/cfp/international/agreements/sao_tome/index_fr.htm

http://ec.europa.eu/fisheries/cfp/international/agreements/sao_tome/index_fr.htm

http://ec.europa.eu/fisheries/cfp/international/agreements/cote_d_ivoire/index_fr.htm

http://ec.europa.eu/fisheries/cfp/international/agreements/comoros/index_fr.htm

http://ec.europa.eu/fisheries/cfp/international/agreements/cape_verde/index_fr.htm

http://ec.europa.eu/fisheries/cfp/international/agreements/guinea/index_fr.htm

http://ec.europa.eu/fisheries/cfp/international/agreements/guinea_bissau/index_fr.htm

http://ec.europa.eu/fisheries/cfp/international/agreements/kiribati/index_fr.htm

http://ec.europa.eu/fisheries/cfp/international/agreements/micronesia/index_fr.htm

http://ec.europa.eu/fisheries/cfp/international/agreements/solomon_islands/index_fr.htm

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