what are qfd and six sigma

8/9/2019 What Are QFD and Six Sigma

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What Are QFD and Six Sigma?

By Joseph P. FicaloraandLouis Cohen

Jul 30, 2009

Contents

1. 1.1 Brief Capsule Description2. 1.2 hat !s "i# "i$%a&3. 1.3 'istory of (FD and "i# "i$%a). 1.) hat !s (FD Bein$ *sed for +oday&. 1. Discussion (uestions

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+his chapter is fro% the oo

This chapter is from the book

(uality Function Deploy%ent and "i# "i$%a, "econd dition 4 (FD 'andoo, 2nd dition

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This chapter is from the book

(uality Function Deploy%ent and "i# "i$%a, "econd dition 4 (FD 'andoo, 2nd dition

Learn MoreBuy

This chapter provides an orientation to Quait! Function Depo!ment "QFD# and Six Sigma$ %t begins

&ith a brief overvie& of each of these topics$ %t then provides a chronoog! of events that ed to the

current state of QFD and its integration &ith Six Sigma in the 'nited States$ Fina!( the chapter
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"i# "i$%a, Desi$n for "i# "i$%a ?DF""A, 6aretin$ for "i# "i$%a ?6F""A, "i# "i$%a Process Desi$n ?""PDA,

and +echnolo$y for "i# "i$%a ?+F""A. 4n illustration of this front


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"ection 2 contains relati5e


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Beyond the 'ouse of (uality, (FD optionally in5ol5es constructin$ additional %atrices to further plan and

%ana$e the detailed decisions that %ust e %ade throu$hout the product or ser5ice de5elop%ent process. !n

practice, %any de5elop%ent tea%s don;t use these additional %atrices. +hey are %issin$ a lot. +he enefits

that the 'ouse of (uality pro5ides can e 8ust as si$nificant to the de5elop%ent process after the initial

plannin$ phase. ! ur$e you to use Part > of this oo to eco%e fa%iliar 7ith the later sta$es of (FD, and then,

7ith that no7led$e a5ailale to you, to %ae an infor%ed decision aout ho7 %uch of (FD your de5elop%ent

pro8ect needs.

Fi$ure 1


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esti%ates the de$ree of relationship et7een the 6atri# 2 'o7s and the 6atri# 2 hats, to arri5e at 7ei$hts or

priorities for the 6atri# 2 'o7s.

+o lin 6atri# 2 to 6atri# 3, the 6atri# 2 'o7s are transferred to the left of 6atri# 3, eco%in$ the 6atri# 3

hats. +he 7ei$hts of the 6atri# 2 'o7s are transferred to the ri$ht side of 6atri# 3, and ne7 6atri# 3 'o7s

are $enerated.

ach %atri# in the chain represents a %ore


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Matrix What How

House of Quality Voice of the Customer Technical Performance Measures

Subsystem Design Matrix Technical Performance Measures Piece-Part Characteristics

Piece-Part Design Matrix Piece-Part Characteristics Process Parameters

Process Design Matrix Process Parameters Production Oerations

Finally, (FD pro5ides a repository for product plannin$ infor%ation. +he repository is ased on the structure of

the (FD %atrices. +he %atrices allo7 for enterin$ the >oice of the Custo%er ?and, in suse:uent %atrices,

other deployed hat and 'o7 infor%ationA and all related :uantitati5e infor%ation, the >oice of the De5eloper

and all related :uantitati5e infor%ation, and the relationships et7een these 5oices. +his infor%ation represents

a succinct su%%ary of the ey product plannin$ data. +o e sure, 5ery detailed elaoration of this infor%ation

cannot fit in the (FD %atrices and %ust e stored else7here. Docu%entin$ the %atrices pro5ides a $olden

thread throu$hout the desi$n process, tracin$ the desi$n decisions and tradeoffs and potential alternati5es for

enhanced offerin$s. +he %atrices can e 5ie7ed as a top


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+he Japanese characters for (FD are

?hinshitsuA, %eanin$ :uality,features,attriutes, or :ualities1)

?inoA, %eanin$ function or %echaniation1

?tenaiA, %eanin$ deploy%ent,diffusion,de5elop%ent, or e5olution

4ny of the n$lish 7ords could ha5e een chosen y early translators of Japanese articles. !t;s little %ore than

a %atter of chance that (FD is not called Feature 6echaniation Diffusion today. !n the early days, 7hen Lou

Cohen e#plained (FD to audiences, he atte%pted to rena%e it "tructured Plannin$, or (uality Feature

Deploy%ent, in the hope that people 7ould e ale to tell fro% its na%e 7hat (FD 7as all aout. For etter or

for 7orse, (uality Function Deploy%ent has stuc in the *nited "tates, and no alternati5e na%e is liely to

sur5i5e. one of the thirty


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!n the su%%er of that sa%e year, Larry "ulli5an of Ford 6otor Co%pany or$anied an internal co%pany

se%inar. Clausin$ 7as in5ited to present (FD. "ulli5an :uicly $rasped the i%portance of the (FD concept

and e$an pro%otin$ it at Ford.

Clausin$ continued to pro%ote (FD, +a$uchi;s %ethods, and "tuart Pu$h;s concept


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Based on these notes, K@4L(PC offered its first fi5e


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arly adapters of (FD in the *nited "tates included Ford 6otor Co%pany, Di$ital :uip%ent Corporation,

Procter and Ka%le, and 36 Corporation. 6any other co%panies ha5e used (FD, and the tool continues to

$ro7 in popularity. 6ore than fifty papers 7ere presented at the "i#th "y%posiu% on (uality Function

Deploy%ent in 199). @nly a fe7 of these papers 7ere not case studies. +he %a8ority of co%panies usin$ (FD

are reluctant to present their case studies pulicly, since they don;t 7ant to re5eal their strate$ic product

plannin$. +herefore, it is liely that the fifty papers presented at the (FD "y%posiu% represent 8ust the tip of

the iceer$ in ter%s of (FD i%ple%entation.

Fi$ure 1


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Date Source 2vent

193 Facilitating and Training in

Quality Function Deployment

Ca%rid$e Corporation of +oyo, under 6asaai !%ai,

introduces (FD in Chica$o alon$ 7ith 4ao, Furua7a, and

o$ure

103 Quality Progress%a$aine (uality Function Deploy%ent and C(C in Japan, y

Professors 6asao o$ure and Mo8i 4ao, +a%a$a7a

*ni5ersity

113 Bo in$ 4ao and others introduce (FD at a *.". 7orshop in

Chica$o, !llinois

3) Don Clausin$ Professor 6aae of +oyo !nstitute of +echnolo$y e#plains

(FD to Don Clausin$

3) Bo in$ Bo in$ e$ins offerin$ a one


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Date Source 2vent

12 Don Clausin$ Don Clausin$ presents (FD to Ford;s (uality "trate$y

Co%%ittee 2, chaired y Bill "collard of Ford

2 Facilitating and Training in

Quality Function Deployment

K@4L(PC introduces 4ao;s %aterials in its fi5e


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Date Source 2vent

6ode and ffects 4nalysis, +a$uchi 6ethods, and "tatistical

Process Control

199 "te5e Qin$raf "te5e Qin$raf utilies a (FD %atri# in settin$ up the Cause R

ffect Prioritiation 6atri# later used y %any in the "i# "i$%a

co%%unity 7hen co%parin$ %ultiple process inputs to %ultiple

process outputs

1$/$- +istor! of QFD &ith Six Sigma

Dr. "tephen Qin$raf22

oser5es that at 6otorola in the late 190s, (FD;s use 7as fre:uently at the front end of

desi$nin$ ne7 products. +he focus 7as initially on t7o


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'o7s to hats. 4dditionally, ! co%%ented on the 'o7 7ells=that true process capailities needed to e

deter%ined in scorin$ 7hat 7as possile. ! recei5ed positi5e feedac on turnin$ 7hat 7as then so%e lar$e

5ariation of (FD application into a flo7 %ap that could e follo7ed. +hat flo7 %ap is illustrated inFi$ure 1oice of the Custo%er

into product desi$n. +he re:uire%ent to e5aluate potential responses a$ainst needs is uni5ersal, ho7e5er, and

in the *nited "tates a 7ide ran$e of applications spran$ up :uite rapidly.

Follo7in$ are so%e typical (FD applications that do not fit the %odel of product de5elop%ent.

*ourse design4hats are needs of students for ac:uirin$ sills or no7led$e in a certain areaG 'o7s

are course %odules, course teachin$ style ele%ents. Curriculu% desi$n is a natural e#tension of thisapplication and has also een done usin$ (FD 23

%nterna corporate service group strateg!4hats are usiness needs of indi5idual %e%ers of

ser5ice $roup;s client $roupsG 'o7s are ele%ents of the ser5ice $roup;s initiati5es

)usiness group five,!ear product strateg!4hats are $eneric needs of the usiness $roup;s

custo%ersG 'o7s are product offerin$s planned for the ne#t fi5e years
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Deveopment of an improved teephone response service for an eectric utiit!

compan!42)hats are the needs of the custo%erG 'o7s are critical %easures of perfor%ance of thetelephone ans7erin$ center

!n %y e#perience, those 7ho eco%e enthusiastic aout (FD are $enerally 5ery creati5e in concei5in$ ne7

applications. +hose 7ho dislie the %atri# approach to plannin$ are $enerally 5ery creati5e in producin$

reasons 7hy (FD doesn;t 7or.

@f course, (FD itself does not 7or. Just as 7e cannot say that ha%%ers don;t 7or, so also 7e cannot say

that prole%


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what are qfd and six sigma

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