World History Final ProjectExam Review Book

This will count as 2 Test Grades. You may write/type the answers using your textbook, class notes, or reliable online sources. Check the items off the list as you complete them.

Each page must have illustrations to represent each topic.

Page 1: Cover - Includes title “World History Review Book” (Including illustration)Page 2: Table of Contents--This should reflect information you have gathered

Unit 1: FOUNDATIONS OF CIVILIZATIONPage 3: List the 8 basic features of early civilization and describe eachPage 4: List and describe all the achievements of ancient Sumer Page 5: Explain how the Nile River was critical to trade and life in ancient Egypt

Unit 2: ANCIENT GREECEPage 6: Compare the city-states of Athens and Sparta w/ examples (Can be in T-chart format)Page 7: Explain the Persian and Peloponnesian Wars. Include participants, reasons for war, and the winnerPage 8: What 2 Greek epic poems were written by Homer and what was the storyline of each?

Unit 3: ANCIENT ROMEPage 9: Define the republic form of government. List the political offices of the republic of Rome, including the term lengths of each position, and who they representedPage 10: Create a flowchart of the rise of the Roman EmpirePage 11: Explain events and causes of the fall of the Roman Empire

Unit 4: MEDIEVAL TIMES & THE MIDDLE AGESPage 12: Create a diagram/chart/table to explain feudalism and the manor economyPage 13: Describe the economic and political power of the Church in the Dark Ages Page 14: Who fought in the Crusades and what was that series of wars fought over?Page 15: What goals were accomplished by the Magna Carta?

Unit 5: AFRICA: KINGDOMS, TRADE, SLAVERYPage 16: List the major trade items of AfricaPage 17: Define Columbian Exchange and create a graph or chart that explains the positive and negative effects of the Columbian ExchangePage 18: Create a graph or map that describes the Triangular Trade Route & Slavery

Unit 6: RENAISSANCE & REFORMATIONPage 19: Diagram the causes & effects of the Protestant ReformationPage 20: Name three scientists from the scientific revolution & their major accomplishments. How did these discoveries affect society long term?

Unit 7: AGE OF ABSOLUTISMPage 21: Name three monarchs along with their countries, from the Age of Absolutism & describe how they asserted absolute power

Unit 8: ENLIGHTENMENT & REVOLUTIONPage 22: Create a bubble map of which ideas from the Enlightenment influenced early American government along with the thinker who published the ideasPage 23: Explain the main ideas of the Declaration of Independence

Unit 9: French RevolutionPage 24: Diagram the causes and effects of the French Revolution (Short term & Long Term)

Unit 10: Industrial RevolutionPage 25: Explain the reasons why the Industrial Revolution began in BritainPage 26: Create a diagram that shows the effects of the Industrial Revolution on society

Unit 11: WWIPage 27: Explain the causes and effects of WWI (Short term & Long term)Page 28: Create a timeline of major events of WWI (Start date-end date, Lusitania attack, US Entry, armistice, end of war treaty)

Unit 12: WWIIPage 29: Chart the Allied & Axis powers of WWIIPage 30: Explain the policy of appeasement as it applies to WWII

Discussion Questions:

1. Explain how one agricultural and one technological improvement changed daily life in Europe during the industrial and agricultural revolutions.

2. The Enlightenment was an intellectual, cultural, social, and philosophical movement that spread through Europe during the sixteenth century. Explain two effects of the Enlightenment on the world.

3. Twentieth-Century International Crises• Berlin Blockade • Korean War • Hungarian Revolt• Cuban Missile Crisis • Iranian Revolt • OPEC Oil Crisis

Choose a twentieth-century international crisis from the above list. Analyze the crisis and explain two specific effects it had on international politics

ANSWER KEY

World History Review Book

Name:___________________Class/Period:______________

Table of Contents

Page 3- UNIT 1: Foundations of Civ.

Page 4- UNIT 2: Greece

Page 5- UNIT 3: Rome

Page 6- UNIT 4: Medieval Times

Page 7- UNIT 5: Renaissance & Reformation

Page 8- UNIT 6: Absolutism

Page 9- UNIT 7: Enlightenment & Revolution

Page 10- UNIT 8: French Revolution

Page 11- UNIT 9: Industrial Revolution

Page 12- UNIT 10: WWI

Page 13- Discussion Questions

Unit 1: FOUNDATIONS OF CIVILIZATIONPage 3: List the 8 basic features of early civilization and describe each

○ Cities : Population centers are notably larger and more organized that towns or villages and that support the other features of civilizations

○ Organized Governments : Structure governments that coordinate large-scale projects such as food production or construction, establish laws, and organize defense systems

○ Complex Religions : Systems of religious beliefs that usually included rituals and worship of one or more gods and/or goddesses

○ Job Specialization : System in which there are different types of jobs and each worker focuses on one particular type

○ Social Classes : Ranked groups within society that are determined by job or economic standing

○ Arts & Architecture :Various types of artwork and buildings that express the talents, beliefs, and values, of people in a society

○ Public Works : Large-scale and often costly projects that benefit the city and its people

○ Writing : Structure writing systems used initially by governments or religious

leaders to record important information

Page 4: List and describe all the achievements of ancient Sumer ● Organized floods of rivers Tigris & Euphrates for irrigation of farmland & to improve

trade● Built thriving cities using clay mud bricks to buildings, trade improved these cities● Created distinct social hierarchies to classify rulers, priests, merchants, artisans,

farmers & slaves● Built religious temples called ziggurats● Invented cuneiform writing● Studied mathematics and astronomy & created a unit of time based on 6

Page 5: Explain how the Nile River was critical to trade and life in ancient Egypt● Without the Nile River Egypt would be a forgotten desert. Farming depended on

fertile soil from the Nile River region and the two kingdoms in the region were united by the Nile through trade. The Egyptians would control the annual floods of the river by building dams and irrigation ditches.

Unit 2: ANCIENT GREECEPage 6: Compare the city-states of Athens and Sparta w/ examples (Can be in T-chart format)

Athens Sparta

● Merchants, farmers, artisans demand govt change

● Athens=democracy-> the people rule

● Encouraged exports & trade● Tyrants took power by force & many

helped farmers save land● Legislature =law making body made

up of all male citizens● women= second to men & had no

govt rights, held religious power● focused on art, music, education

● Govt= 2 kings + council of elders● citizens=males 30+years, native

Spartans● Physically conditioned & trained for

military service beginning @ age 7● disciplined warrior society● women expected to bear healthy

males, required to exercise○ held responsibilities when

husband away @ war● Ignored travel, trade, art

Page 7: Explain the Persian and Peloponnesian Wars. Include participants, reasons for war, and the winnerWAR Participants Reason WinnerPersian War (Athens+Sparta)Gre

ek city-states vs. Persia

Stop spread of Persian empire

Greek City-States(Athens)

Peloponnesian War Athens vs. Sparta+Persia

Resentment of Athenian domination & disagreement on form of govt

Sparta & allies(Persia)

Page 8: What 2 Greek epic poems were written by Homer and what was the storyline of each?

Illiad : About Achilles fighting in Trojan War & shows heroism in the face of adversity

Odyssey: struggles of Odysseus during the Trojan War & how he overcame them

Unit 3: ANCIENT ROMEPage 9: Define the republic form of government. List the political offices of the republic of Rome, including the term lengths of each position, and who they representedRepublic: Representative form of governmentSenate: patricians, served life terms Consuls: patricians, elected to supervise for 2 yearsDictators: patricians, elected by Senate in war time Tribunes: plebeians, elected for 1 year

Page 10: Create a flowchart of the rise of the Roman Empire

Page 11: Explain events and causes of the fall of the Roman Empire:● Political violence & corruption= emperors were often overthrown & killed. Political

violence & unstable leadership, continues to become more authoritarian & oppressive

● Social & Economic problems= farmland lost ability to produce good crops, gap between rich & poor grew because poor farmers depended on wealthy businessmen & estates to avoid debt

● Diocletian divides empire into 2 parts= fixed prices to avoid inflation (sudden rise in prices)

● Huns invaded Roman borders and attacked Roman cities● Mercenaries hired to guard borders= did not show loyalty to Rome● Heavy taxes imposed to pay for useless mercenaries--> economic failure● Finally defeated by invading Germanic tribes

Unit 4: MEDIEVAL TIMES & THE MIDDLE AGESPage 12: Create a diagram/chart/table to explain feudalism & the manor economy

Feudalism The Manor Economy● Feudalism: a loosely organized

system of rule in which powerful local lords divided their landholdings

● Manor: Lord’s Estate● Serfs: Peasants who worked the

manor, bound to land couldn’t leave

among lesser lords in exchange for service & loyalty

● Vassals bound by a feudal contract to fief (land), pledged military service to lords

● Fiefs included peasants to work the land

w/o permission○ Serfs would work lord’s land 4

days per week & their own land the other days

● Manor= self-sufficient, grew or made/produced everything they needed (crops, food, tools, clothing, furniture, etc)

Page 13: Describe the economic & political power of the Church in the Dark Ages.Church dominated medieval life, became the center of social & religious life in villages. Church power grew when Church hierarchy controlled both the spiritual & secular (worldly) force in Medieval Europe. Church officials claimed authority over land and ruled over it like nobles of the king. Church leaders claimed papal supremacy which granted them authority over all secular rulers including kings and emperors. Since the Church leaders also held land, they could charge fees and collect money for the land which gave them economic powers. The Church also established a set of rules called canon law with its own court system and punishments based on religious teachings. This gave the Church political power since they had the ability to excommunicate (condemned to hell) people & the king, as well as the power of interdict that excommunicated the whole kingdom until the king gave into the pope’s demands.

Page 14: Who fought in the Crusades and what was the series of wars fought over?Christians vs. Muslims fighting over control of the Holy Land of Jerusalem

Page 15: What goals were accomplished by the Magna Carta?1. Limited the power of the king 4. Est. due process of law2. Granted rights to nobles & citizens 5. Est. habeas corpus3. Set up Parliament

Unit 5: RENAISSANCE & REFORMATIONPage 16: Diagram the causes & effects of the Protestant Reformation

CAUSES EFFECTS● Church became more worldly ● People revolt

(secular)● Martin Luther posts 95 Theses● Printing press spread reform ideas● Kings, leaders, & people began to

question Church authority & wealth● Luther, Calvin, & other preach

against Church

● Religious wars begin● Other Christian religious

denominations begin & grow● Weakening of HRE

Page 17: Name 3 scientists from the scientific revolution & their major accomplishments. How did these discoveries affect society long term?

Scientist Discovery Impact on Society

Nicolaus Copernicus Heliocentric view of universe

Challenged religious teachings

Tycho Brahe & Johannes Kepler

observatory, planetary orbit= supported Copernicus

Caused people to question religious authority

Galileo Galilei Developed telescope; confirmed Copernicus’ theories

Contradicted ancient views, paved the way for careers in science

Francis Bacon Developed Scientific Method

Led the way for future scientific discoveries & technology

Isaac Newton Defined laws of gravity & motion

Paved the way for future scientific discoveries

Robert Boyle Revolutionized field of modern chemistry

Changed chemistry & careers in medicine & pharmacy

Unit 6: AGE OF ABSOLUTISMPage 18: Name three monarchs along with their countries, from the Age of Absolutism & describe how they asserted absolute power.

RULER COUNTRY POWER

Philip II Spain Claimed divine right & head of Roman Catholic Church to build a Catholic Empire; strengthened military in order to attack England

Louis XIV France Refused to meet with Estates General (no check on power), “I am the State” “Sun King”, built palace of

Versailles to show wealth & power, hired intendants to create a bureaucracy

Henry VIII England Broke with Roman Catholic Church and create the Church of England to obtain a divorce, but consulted with Parliament

James I England Claimed divine right, would not work with parliament, would not obey budget, clashed with Puritan dissenters

Charles I England Imprisoned people w/o trial, refused to work with Parliament, ignored Petition of Right

James II England Appointed Catholics to office, forced to flee

Peter the Great Russia enforced Westernization (shaved beards, changed clothes, gender mingling at social gatherings, updated military technology & tactics, gained territory--> new capital at St. Petersburg

Catherine the Great Russia Reinforced serfdom, expanded borders--> gained warm water port, created universal education

UNIT 7: ENLIGHTENMENT & REVOLUTIONPage 19: Create a bubble map of which ideas from the Enlightenment influenced early American government along with the thinker who published the ideas.

Unit 8: French RevolutionPage 21: Diagram the causes and effects of the French Revolution (Short term & Long Term)

French RevolutionLong Term Causes Immediate Causes

Corrupt & inconsistent leadership

Third estate resentment towards the privileges of the first & second estates

Spread of Enlightenment ideas

Economic struggles, govt debt, poor harvests--> food shortages

Failures of Louis XVI to accept financial reform

Creation of National Assembly

Storming the Bastille (prison looking for weapons)

French RevolutionImmediate Effects

Declaration of Rights of Man & CitizenWritten ConstitutionMonarchy abolished (king & queen executed)Reign of Terror (Robespierre executions)

Long Term Effects

Napoleon gains power

Napoleonic Code of Laws

French Nationalism spreads

Stability restored in Europe

Unit 9: Industrial RevolutionPage 22: Explain the reasons why the Industrial Revolution began in Britain

● Natural Resources: Rivers & ports, Coal supply, Iron supply● Ready workforce● Stable government● Prosperous economy● Availability of capital (money)

Page 23: Create a diagram that shows the effects of the Industrial Revolution on society

Unit 10: WWIPage 24: Explain the causes and effects of WWI (Short term & Long term)

CAUSES EFFECTS

● M.A.I.N● Rivalries among

European powers● European alliances● Militarism/Arms Race● Nationalism● Austria-Hungary

colonized Bosnia● Assassination of

Archduke Ferdinand● Germany invaded

Belgium

● Financial costs of war/damage to property

● Creation of new nations of Europe

● Germany pays reparations (money) & loses colonies

● War debt--> hurts economy● League of Nations created● US & Japan= Major world

powers● Bitterness in Germany= led to

WWIIPage 25: Create a timeline of major events of WWI (Start date-end date, Lusitania attack, US Entry, armistice, end of war treaty)

Discussion Questions:1. Explain how one agricultural and one technological improvement changed daily life in Europe during the industrial and agricultural revolutions.

AGRI TECH Plow Cotton Gin

Seed Drill Spinning Jenny & power loom

Mechanical reaper Factories & Industries

Steam Engine--> steam boats, trains & railroad-->transportation & trade*Makes everything easier, quicker, cheaper*

2. The Enlightenment was an intellectual, cultural, social, and philosophical movement that spread through Europe during the sixteenth century. Explain two effects of the Enlightenment on the world.

Enlightenment Ideas➢ Natural Rights: Life, liberty, pursuit of happiness--> Declaration of

Independence➢ Separation of Powers-->Gov’t branches➢ Checks & balances: limits to powers of 3 branches

3. Twentieth-Century International Crises• Berlin Blockade • Korean War • Hungarian Revolt• Cuban Missile Crisis • Iranian Revolt • OPEC Oil Crisis

Choose a twentieth-century international crisis from the above list. Analyze the crisis and explain two specific effects it had on international politics

Berlin Blockade: Soviet Union blocked railroad access to parts of Germany in 1948. The city of Berlin was divided into Communist (West) and Free (East). This remained that way throughout the Cold War until the Berlin wall came down in 1989.

Korean War: Conflict during the Cold War after North Korea invaded South Korea. Nearly got the US and Russia into a heated battle during the Cold War.

Hungarian Revolt: people of Hungary rebelled and revolted against Soviet policies and were then crushed by Soviet forces

Cuban Missile Crisis: Cold war came close to nuclear conflict. The Soviet Union had missiles all over Eastern Europe. The Soviet Union had an agreement to have nuclear weapons in Cuba aimed at the United States. President John F. Kennedy and the United Nations reached an agreement with Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev.