MODARIA II

WG 4 :

Working Group 4 – Transfer processes and data for radiological impact

assessment

Kd sub group: Development of Global Kd database prototype

• MS Access database, based primarily on commonalties between current structure for Freshwater and Soil Kd datasets.

Freshwater Data Structure Soil Data Structure

Vidal et. al. Boyer et. al.

Tables

• Solid Parameters • Liquid Parameters

• Kd Parameters • Elements • Reference • Isotopes • Location

Development of Global Kd database prototype

Kd sub group

• Interim meeting May/June, tbd • IAEA Monaco

WG4 sub-group Collation of environmental transfer parameters after

the Fukushima accident (Fukushima parameters)

1st Interim meeting @ University of Tsukuba, 10-12 July, 2017

Catchment

Marine River

Forest

Agricultural product

Rice paddy field

Game

Food processing

- Agree ecosystems/areas for which datasets will be compiled - Updated data for forest, marine, catchments and food processing - Discussed radiocaesium fate in Japanese forest ecosystems and

parameters to be reported (e.g. translocation in tree and transfer to mushrooms)

- Discussed dataset compilation and application - plan to provide dataset in excel files, kept by each institutes or

maybe IAEA can hold completed version - may ask other organisations to supply additional data – will

distribute template(s). - Discussed table formats to be included to Subgroup document

from datasets - Consult Japanese topic leaders - try to follow the previous TRS

format. - Need to fill the gap between current status and data in TRS 422 &

472.

Forest data —Data compilation ongoing

• Concentration and Inventory data of – Trees (each organ, e.g. leaf, wood …) – Organic layers (litter layers) – Mineral soils – Mushrooms – Small wild animals (e.g. earthworms, insects

etc., NOT large mammals)

Journal papers Reports by governments On the Web

DATABASE

~9000 records

Information on time, location, and forest characteristics etc.

Forest data Compiled data showing dynamics of radiocesium in Fukushima forests

137Cs decreasing trends for Sugi needle leaf

Geographical distributions of data point

137Cs decreasing trends for litter in Sugi forests

Concentrations in each component normalized - dividing by 137Cs deposition (airborne monitoring)

Bare land Cultivated (gentle)

Catchment Soil Erosion Plots Grassland Cultivated (Steep)

Pasture A Forest (young ceder)

Marine apparent Kd(a)

1991-2010

95% = 1740 GM= 481 5%= 133

28 sites data, each year

In situ Kd(a) data after the Fukushima Daiichi accident increased 10 fold

Global fallout After FDNPP

vs. TRS 422 (2004) Parameters RI or

stable (S) 422 Marine

Kd, L/kg

CF

RI+S

RI+S

Sediment-water distribution coefficients

Concentration factors for biological materials

For Fish (no classification), Crustaceans, Molluscs, Macroalgae, Plankton, Cephalopods, Mesopelagic fish, Mammals

Fukushima Kd(a), L/kg

CR

Teff, t

RI

RI

RI

In-situ sediment-water distribution coefficients, before and after the accident

Concentration ratio, water-biota

Different fish species, Before and after the accident

Effective half-lives of marine sediment, water? Or other method to describe changes?

Agreed

vs. TRS 472 (2010) Parameters RI / stable

472 Terrestrial & Freshwater

a, m2/kg Ftr, - Ks, m-1 Kd, L/kg Fv, - Fm, Ff, d/kg or d/L Tag, m2/kg Teff, t CR Fr

RI RI RI RI RI RI+S RI RI RI RI

Interception coefficient Translocation ratio Resuspension factor Distribution coefficient in soil Concentration ratio from soil to plant Feed transfer coefficient, animal products Aggregated transfer factor, semi-natural ecosystem Effective half-lives (limited) Concentration ratio, water-biota Food processing retention factor

Fukushima Kd(a), L/kg Fv,, Teff

Tag, m2/kg Teff, t CR Fr

a, Fm, Ff, Ks,

RI RI RI RI RI RI, Stable RI

Agricultural soil and River Rice and other Crops Wild animals, plants, mushrooms River (water, sediment, biota), Forest (tree, soil, litter), Typhoon (heavy rain/storm) event Water-Freshwater biota Wild edible plants, etc. …Maybe some data available

Agreed

Next subgroup interim meeting @ Institute of Environmental Radioactivity, Fukushima University, with QST-NIRS support

• Planning to have a three-day meeting in May-June, including one day visiting tour to affected area.

• Prof. Hirofumi Tsukada (Corresponding) and Keiko Tagami (QST-NIRS: co-corresponding)

Tokyo

Fukushima

Fukushima Univ.

Fukushima Daiichi NPP

One day visiting tour area

MODARIA II

WG4 Sub-group “Transfer Parameters

in Non-temperate Systems”

Comparison of Cs-137 Transfer Factor Values Generated in India (Tropical Climate) with IAEA TECDOC -1616 (Temperate Climate ) Values

Range of CR values for India are narrower than that of temperate values, but mean values are 4 to 5 times higher than the temperate values.

Higher transfer factor values for soil to grass and rice may be correlated to higher bio-availability elements and high biomass growth in tropical climate.

Low dietary intake, body mass and milk yield of Indian

cows may be reason for higher grass to milk transfer factor (Fm) in comparison to temperate Fm values.

Need for revising the recommended / value for screening calculation to ensure adequate conservatism.

Data from India Mr Rout

Maize (Zea mays, L.) Cabbage (Brassica oleracea, L.)

137 Cs and 60Co TF o for reference crops and tropical soil were more than one order of magnitude higher than temperate areas. - soils did not have clay mineral 2:1 type - may explain lack of ageing effect after 17 years for 137Cs in these soils.

90Sr TF were similar or lower than temperate areas - some loss from top soil to deeper layer in the first 3 years of contamination due to high mobility of Sr. The data will be compared with data present at TRS 479 - and also transfer factor for stable elements will be produced.

Soil to Plant Transfer Factor for Brazilian Soils

0.00

0.01

0.10

1.00

10.00

Ferralsol Goiânia Ferralsol-Al Acrisol Nitisol subtropical IUR

13

7C

s T

F MaizeCabbage

Resuspension rates and doses likely higher in arid environments yet dose potential in arid sites poorly

understood

Slide 18

0.00001

0.0001

0.001

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

50 500 5000 50000

NO

RMAL

IZED

AN

NU

AL D

OSE

(u

Sv/B

q PE

R g)

DOWNWIND DISTANCE (M)

CS-137 desert grass/shrub woodland forest

Resuspension rates and doses likely higher in arid environments after environmental disturbance

Slide 19

0.00

10.00

20.00

30.00

40.00

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0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Nor

mal

ized

Soil

Conc

entr

atio

n %

Years

Arid Environment- Pu-239

With disturbance

Without disturbance

Non-temperate sub group

• Interim meeting? • Explore relevant activities in IAEA

and potential interaction/use of outputs