wetland functions & values€¦ · 19/11/2013 · wetland functions & values ....
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES€¦ · 19/11/2013 · WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES . Presentation to the . RI Department of Administration . Legislative Task ... Overview: • What are](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052005/6018d5662c94c47c32787863/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Why Protect Wetlands?
WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES Presentation to the
RI Department of Administration Legislative Task Force
November 19, 2013 By Christopher Mason, PWS
President, Mason & Associates, Inc.
![Page 2: WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES€¦ · 19/11/2013 · WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES . Presentation to the . RI Department of Administration . Legislative Task ... Overview: • What are](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052005/6018d5662c94c47c32787863/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
WHY PROTECT WETLANDS? WETLAND FUNCTIONS AND VALUES: • Water Supply • Flood Control / Storm Damage Prevention • Pollution Filtration / Transformation • Productivity – Food Chain Support • Protection of Fisheries / Shellfish • Wildlife Habitat & Biodiversity • Open Space / Recreation / Education
![Page 3: WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES€¦ · 19/11/2013 · WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES . Presentation to the . RI Department of Administration . Legislative Task ... Overview: • What are](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052005/6018d5662c94c47c32787863/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Wetland Functions & Values
Function: Action that a wetland performs Example: Storage of surface water runoff after a storm
Value: Benefit of that function to society Example: Prevention of flood damage to property.
![Page 4: WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES€¦ · 19/11/2013 · WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES . Presentation to the . RI Department of Administration . Legislative Task ... Overview: • What are](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052005/6018d5662c94c47c32787863/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Aguntaug Swamp – Chapman Swamp – Newton Marsh Westerly, RI
• Second Largest Wetland Complex in RI
• Largest Atlantic White Cedar Swamp in RI
![Page 5: WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES€¦ · 19/11/2013 · WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES . Presentation to the . RI Department of Administration . Legislative Task ... Overview: • What are](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052005/6018d5662c94c47c32787863/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES€¦ · 19/11/2013 · WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES . Presentation to the . RI Department of Administration . Legislative Task ... Overview: • What are](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052005/6018d5662c94c47c32787863/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
WATER SUPPLY
• Town Well – Drinking Water
Agricultural Uses
Fire Pond Industrial / Manufacturing Uses
![Page 7: WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES€¦ · 19/11/2013 · WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES . Presentation to the . RI Department of Administration . Legislative Task ... Overview: • What are](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052005/6018d5662c94c47c32787863/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
FLOOD CONTROL / STORM DAMAGE PREVENTION
Pawcatuck River
Floodplain
![Page 8: WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES€¦ · 19/11/2013 · WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES . Presentation to the . RI Department of Administration . Legislative Task ... Overview: • What are](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052005/6018d5662c94c47c32787863/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
POLLUTION FILTRATION / TRANSFORMATION
Former Town Dump
Shopping Center
High Traffic Roadway
Gravel Pit
Homes Farms
Upstream Sources
The Sky (Atmospheric Deposition)
Former Auto Junkyard
Waterfowl
![Page 9: WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES€¦ · 19/11/2013 · WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES . Presentation to the . RI Department of Administration . Legislative Task ... Overview: • What are](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052005/6018d5662c94c47c32787863/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
PRODUCTIVITY – FOOD CHAIN SUPPORT
Berry Producing Shrubs
Flowering Plants (Honey)
Firewood
Timber
Waterfowl
Detritus
Fish Deer
![Page 10: WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES€¦ · 19/11/2013 · WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES . Presentation to the . RI Department of Administration . Legislative Task ... Overview: • What are](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052005/6018d5662c94c47c32787863/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
PROTECTION OF FISHERIES / SHELLFISH
Protected Shallows (Nursery Areas)
Food & Clean Water
Streams
Lakes River Estuary
Ponds
![Page 11: WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES€¦ · 19/11/2013 · WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES . Presentation to the . RI Department of Administration . Legislative Task ... Overview: • What are](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052005/6018d5662c94c47c32787863/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
WILDLIFE HABITAT & BIODIVERSITY
Cedar Swamp
Streams
Lake River Estuary
Pond Red Maple Swamp
Bog & Fen Marsh
Vernal Pool
Shrub Swamp
![Page 12: WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES€¦ · 19/11/2013 · WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES . Presentation to the . RI Department of Administration . Legislative Task ... Overview: • What are](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052005/6018d5662c94c47c32787863/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
RECREATION / OPEN SPACE / EDUCATION
Fishing / Ice Fishing Boating / Iceboating Swimming
Hunting
Hiking Birdwatching
Photography Education Trail
Water Quality Monitoring
Public Open Space & Conservation Lands:
RIDEM Town of Westerly The Westerly Land Trust The Nature Conservancy
![Page 13: WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES€¦ · 19/11/2013 · WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES . Presentation to the . RI Department of Administration . Legislative Task ... Overview: • What are](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052005/6018d5662c94c47c32787863/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Overview: • What are wetlands?
(Examples) • What functions do
wetlands perform? • Why do we care?
![Page 14: WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES€¦ · 19/11/2013 · WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES . Presentation to the . RI Department of Administration . Legislative Task ... Overview: • What are](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052005/6018d5662c94c47c32787863/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
What Are Wetlands? Various definitions by science and regulation. For this presentation, “wetlands” include: • Swamps, Marshes, Bogs, Fens, Wet
Meadows • Lakes, Ponds, Pools (standing water) • Rivers, Streams, Channels (flowing water) • Areas that Flood
![Page 15: WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES€¦ · 19/11/2013 · WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES . Presentation to the . RI Department of Administration . Legislative Task ... Overview: • What are](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052005/6018d5662c94c47c32787863/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Wetland Types – Swamps Atlantic White Cedar
Often Flooded Red Maple
Flooded to Seasonally Wet
![Page 16: WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES€¦ · 19/11/2013 · WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES . Presentation to the . RI Department of Administration . Legislative Task ... Overview: • What are](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052005/6018d5662c94c47c32787863/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Wetland Types – Bogs / Fens
Low Nutrients: Stunted Growth, Carnivorous Plants, Peat
![Page 17: WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES€¦ · 19/11/2013 · WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES . Presentation to the . RI Department of Administration . Legislative Task ... Overview: • What are](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052005/6018d5662c94c47c32787863/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Wetland Types – Marshes
Mostly Herbaceous Pools, Shallow Flooding
![Page 18: WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES€¦ · 19/11/2013 · WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES . Presentation to the . RI Department of Administration . Legislative Task ... Overview: • What are](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052005/6018d5662c94c47c32787863/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Wetland Types – Wet Meadows
Mostly Herbaceous Seasonally Wet Pastures
![Page 19: WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES€¦ · 19/11/2013 · WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES . Presentation to the . RI Department of Administration . Legislative Task ... Overview: • What are](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052005/6018d5662c94c47c32787863/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Also “Wetlands”
Rivers Streams
![Page 20: WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES€¦ · 19/11/2013 · WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES . Presentation to the . RI Department of Administration . Legislative Task ... Overview: • What are](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052005/6018d5662c94c47c32787863/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Also “Wetlands”
Floodplains Intermittent Streams
![Page 21: WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES€¦ · 19/11/2013 · WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES . Presentation to the . RI Department of Administration . Legislative Task ... Overview: • What are](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052005/6018d5662c94c47c32787863/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Also “Wetlands”
Lakes Vernal Pool
![Page 22: WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES€¦ · 19/11/2013 · WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES . Presentation to the . RI Department of Administration . Legislative Task ... Overview: • What are](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052005/6018d5662c94c47c32787863/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Also “Wetlands”
Tidal Marshes & Creeks Saltmarsh on Rocky Shore
![Page 23: WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES€¦ · 19/11/2013 · WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES . Presentation to the . RI Department of Administration . Legislative Task ... Overview: • What are](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052005/6018d5662c94c47c32787863/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Many (Most) Wetlands Are Interconnected
Surface Waters (Freshwater): Streams Rivers Ponds Lakes
![Page 24: WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES€¦ · 19/11/2013 · WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES . Presentation to the . RI Department of Administration . Legislative Task ... Overview: • What are](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052005/6018d5662c94c47c32787863/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Many (Most) Wetlands Are Interconnected
Surface Waters (Freshwater): Streams Rivers Ponds Lakes Swamps Marshes Bogs Coastal Waters: Saltmarshes Tidal Creeks Coastal Ponds
![Page 25: WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES€¦ · 19/11/2013 · WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES . Presentation to the . RI Department of Administration . Legislative Task ... Overview: • What are](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052005/6018d5662c94c47c32787863/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Wetland Functions
• Water Supply • Flood Control / Storm Damage Prevention • Pollution Filtration / Transformation • Productivity – Food Chain Support • Protection of Fisheries / Shellfish • Wildlife Habitat & Biodiversity • Open Space / Recreation / Education
![Page 26: WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES€¦ · 19/11/2013 · WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES . Presentation to the . RI Department of Administration . Legislative Task ... Overview: • What are](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052005/6018d5662c94c47c32787863/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Functions & Values – The Basics
• Most wetlands perform multiple functions • All wetlands perform at least one function • Even small wetlands can provide high
value (e.g., vernal pools) • A wetland’s performance of a function may
vary with season, and from year to year
![Page 27: WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES€¦ · 19/11/2013 · WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES . Presentation to the . RI Department of Administration . Legislative Task ... Overview: • What are](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052005/6018d5662c94c47c32787863/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Interplay of Functions • Functions Support Each Other
– Example: ground water discharge helps maintain summer stream flow for fish
• Functions Conflict With Each Other – Example: sediment trapping destroys shallow
water habitat for frogs • Functions Mutually Exclusive
– Example ground water discharge - ground water recharge
![Page 28: WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES€¦ · 19/11/2013 · WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES . Presentation to the . RI Department of Administration . Legislative Task ... Overview: • What are](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052005/6018d5662c94c47c32787863/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Many Factors Affect Wetland Functions & Values:
• Type of Wetland • Size of Wetland • Location – Landscape Position • Interconnection with Other Wetlands,
Upland Habitats & Land Uses • Hydrology is Huge!
![Page 29: WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES€¦ · 19/11/2013 · WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES . Presentation to the . RI Department of Administration . Legislative Task ... Overview: • What are](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052005/6018d5662c94c47c32787863/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Water Supply • Landscape Position,
Topography, & Geology Are Key to Water Supply Functions of Wetlands
• Surface Water Recharge / Discharge
• Ground Water Recharge / Discharge
![Page 30: WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES€¦ · 19/11/2013 · WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES . Presentation to the . RI Department of Administration . Legislative Task ... Overview: • What are](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052005/6018d5662c94c47c32787863/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
![Page 31: WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES€¦ · 19/11/2013 · WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES . Presentation to the . RI Department of Administration . Legislative Task ... Overview: • What are](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052005/6018d5662c94c47c32787863/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Water Supply: Surface Water Reservoirs
Scituate Reservoir Green End Pond
![Page 32: WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES€¦ · 19/11/2013 · WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES . Presentation to the . RI Department of Administration . Legislative Task ... Overview: • What are](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052005/6018d5662c94c47c32787863/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Surface Water Supply
Major Public Water Supply Reservoirs & Watersheds
![Page 33: WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES€¦ · 19/11/2013 · WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES . Presentation to the . RI Department of Administration . Legislative Task ... Overview: • What are](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052005/6018d5662c94c47c32787863/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Water Supply: Ground Water Aquifers
Municipal Well – Pump Station and Treatment System
Adjacent Wetland Providing Groundwater Recharge
![Page 34: WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES€¦ · 19/11/2013 · WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES . Presentation to the . RI Department of Administration . Legislative Task ... Overview: • What are](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052005/6018d5662c94c47c32787863/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Ground Water Supply
Sole Source Aquifers Major Ground Water Recharge Areas Major High-Yield Aquifers Wellhead Protection Areas
![Page 35: WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES€¦ · 19/11/2013 · WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES . Presentation to the . RI Department of Administration . Legislative Task ... Overview: • What are](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052005/6018d5662c94c47c32787863/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Water Supply: Agriculture
![Page 36: WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES€¦ · 19/11/2013 · WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES . Presentation to the . RI Department of Administration . Legislative Task ... Overview: • What are](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052005/6018d5662c94c47c32787863/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Water Supply: Industry
![Page 37: WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES€¦ · 19/11/2013 · WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES . Presentation to the . RI Department of Administration . Legislative Task ... Overview: • What are](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052005/6018d5662c94c47c32787863/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Flood Control / Storm Damage Prevention
• Wetlands Store Precipitation, Stormwater Runoff, Floodwaters
• Wetland Topography and Vegetation Slow Flood Velocity
• Wetland Vegetation Anchors Shorelines, Reducing Erosion
![Page 38: WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES€¦ · 19/11/2013 · WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES . Presentation to the . RI Department of Administration . Legislative Task ... Overview: • What are](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052005/6018d5662c94c47c32787863/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Flood Control / Storm Damage Prevention
![Page 39: WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES€¦ · 19/11/2013 · WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES . Presentation to the . RI Department of Administration . Legislative Task ... Overview: • What are](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052005/6018d5662c94c47c32787863/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
![Page 40: WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES€¦ · 19/11/2013 · WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES . Presentation to the . RI Department of Administration . Legislative Task ... Overview: • What are](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052005/6018d5662c94c47c32787863/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
![Page 41: WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES€¦ · 19/11/2013 · WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES . Presentation to the . RI Department of Administration . Legislative Task ... Overview: • What are](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052005/6018d5662c94c47c32787863/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
FEMA Floodplains
![Page 42: WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES€¦ · 19/11/2013 · WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES . Presentation to the . RI Department of Administration . Legislative Task ... Overview: • What are](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052005/6018d5662c94c47c32787863/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Coastal Storm Damage
Hurricane Tracks Sea Level Rise
![Page 43: WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES€¦ · 19/11/2013 · WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES . Presentation to the . RI Department of Administration . Legislative Task ... Overview: • What are](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052005/6018d5662c94c47c32787863/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Storm Surge Effect
![Page 44: WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES€¦ · 19/11/2013 · WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES . Presentation to the . RI Department of Administration . Legislative Task ... Overview: • What are](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052005/6018d5662c94c47c32787863/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Pollution Filtration & Transformation
• Sediment Trapping – basin topography, vegetation, decreased flow velocity
• Nutrient Uptake / Transformation – plant growth, microbial denitrification, chemical interactions
• Heavy Metal Trapping – chemical interactions, some plant uptake
• Volatile, Semi-Volatile, Other Toxic Compounds – chemical interactions, photodegradation, microbial degradation
![Page 45: WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES€¦ · 19/11/2013 · WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES . Presentation to the . RI Department of Administration . Legislative Task ... Overview: • What are](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052005/6018d5662c94c47c32787863/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
![Page 46: WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES€¦ · 19/11/2013 · WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES . Presentation to the . RI Department of Administration . Legislative Task ... Overview: • What are](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052005/6018d5662c94c47c32787863/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
![Page 47: WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES€¦ · 19/11/2013 · WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES . Presentation to the . RI Department of Administration . Legislative Task ... Overview: • What are](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052005/6018d5662c94c47c32787863/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
![Page 48: WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES€¦ · 19/11/2013 · WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES . Presentation to the . RI Department of Administration . Legislative Task ... Overview: • What are](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052005/6018d5662c94c47c32787863/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
![Page 49: WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES€¦ · 19/11/2013 · WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES . Presentation to the . RI Department of Administration . Legislative Task ... Overview: • What are](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052005/6018d5662c94c47c32787863/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
![Page 50: WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES€¦ · 19/11/2013 · WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES . Presentation to the . RI Department of Administration . Legislative Task ... Overview: • What are](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052005/6018d5662c94c47c32787863/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Landfill Conceptual Model
■ Landfill is uncapped, unlined
■ Metals precipitate on wetland sediments
■ Leachate discharges to surface waters
■ Infiltration generates leachate
![Page 51: WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES€¦ · 19/11/2013 · WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES . Presentation to the . RI Department of Administration . Legislative Task ... Overview: • What are](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052005/6018d5662c94c47c32787863/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Leachate Discharge to Surface Waters
![Page 52: WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES€¦ · 19/11/2013 · WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES . Presentation to the . RI Department of Administration . Legislative Task ... Overview: • What are](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052005/6018d5662c94c47c32787863/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
![Page 53: WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES€¦ · 19/11/2013 · WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES . Presentation to the . RI Department of Administration . Legislative Task ... Overview: • What are](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052005/6018d5662c94c47c32787863/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Productivity – Food Chain Support
• Wetlands are highly productive compared to other habitats
• Productivity measured different ways: – Biomass (organic matter) – Crop / Timber Harvest – Trap Yield (pelts) – Fish Catch
![Page 54: WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES€¦ · 19/11/2013 · WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES . Presentation to the . RI Department of Administration . Legislative Task ... Overview: • What are](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052005/6018d5662c94c47c32787863/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Desert
Boreal Forest
Cold Deciduous
Forest
Tropical Rain
Forest
Freshwater Wetland
Salt Marsh
Warm Temperate
Mixed Forest
Cultivated Land
Grassland 500
2500
2000
1500
1000
Net Primary Productivity of Selected Ecosystems (g/m2/year)
![Page 55: WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES€¦ · 19/11/2013 · WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES . Presentation to the . RI Department of Administration . Legislative Task ... Overview: • What are](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052005/6018d5662c94c47c32787863/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Production Export • Salt Marsh Draining After Moon High Tide
![Page 56: WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES€¦ · 19/11/2013 · WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES . Presentation to the . RI Department of Administration . Legislative Task ... Overview: • What are](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052005/6018d5662c94c47c32787863/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Estuarine Wetland Plants Estuarine Waters
Zooplankton
Clams & Oysters
Shrimp
Worms
Flounder
Killifish
Striped Bass
Menhaden
Blue Crab
Estuarine Food Chain Support
Detritus
Bluefish
![Page 57: WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES€¦ · 19/11/2013 · WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES . Presentation to the . RI Department of Administration . Legislative Task ... Overview: • What are](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052005/6018d5662c94c47c32787863/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Benefits of High Productivity
Wetland Crops • Fish and Shellfish • Furbearing
Animals • Wood Products • Forage Crops
Recreation • Duck Hunting • Fishing • Birdwatching
![Page 58: WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES€¦ · 19/11/2013 · WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES . Presentation to the . RI Department of Administration . Legislative Task ... Overview: • What are](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052005/6018d5662c94c47c32787863/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Protection of Shellfish & Fisheries
Wetlands Are Required Habitat: • Freshwater Fish • Anadromous Fish • Many Saltwater Fish Wetlands Provide: • Food • Cover • Spawning Area • Clean Water
![Page 59: WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES€¦ · 19/11/2013 · WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES . Presentation to the . RI Department of Administration . Legislative Task ... Overview: • What are](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052005/6018d5662c94c47c32787863/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Freshwater Fish - Lakes
Artificial Impoundment Glacier Formed Lake
![Page 60: WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES€¦ · 19/11/2013 · WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES . Presentation to the . RI Department of Administration . Legislative Task ... Overview: • What are](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052005/6018d5662c94c47c32787863/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Freshwater Fish – Rivers & Streams
Lower Perennial River Seasonal Headwater Stream
![Page 61: WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES€¦ · 19/11/2013 · WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES . Presentation to the . RI Department of Administration . Legislative Task ... Overview: • What are](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052005/6018d5662c94c47c32787863/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Fish & Shellfish – Coastal Wetlands
Salt Marsh & Tidal Creek Salt Ponds, Marshes, Flats
![Page 62: WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES€¦ · 19/11/2013 · WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES . Presentation to the . RI Department of Administration . Legislative Task ... Overview: • What are](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052005/6018d5662c94c47c32787863/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Fish & Shellfish of Coastal Wetlands
• Menhaden • Flounder • Weakfish • Bluefish
• Striped Bass • Blue Crabs • Shrimp • Soft Clams
![Page 63: WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES€¦ · 19/11/2013 · WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES . Presentation to the . RI Department of Administration . Legislative Task ... Overview: • What are](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052005/6018d5662c94c47c32787863/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Wildlife Habitat & Biodiversity
• Many Wildlife Species Require Wetlands to Survive
• Other Species Use Wetlands Sometimes • Source of Food & Water • Shelter (Cover) • Reproduction
![Page 64: WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES€¦ · 19/11/2013 · WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES . Presentation to the . RI Department of Administration . Legislative Task ... Overview: • What are](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052005/6018d5662c94c47c32787863/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Wildlife of Wetlands • “Obligate” Species
– Water-dependent Species – Require wetlands for survival
Wood Duck
![Page 65: WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES€¦ · 19/11/2013 · WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES . Presentation to the . RI Department of Administration . Legislative Task ... Overview: • What are](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052005/6018d5662c94c47c32787863/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
• “Facultative” Species – Found in wetlands and uplands – Do not require wetlands for survival
Wildlife of Wetlands
Moose
![Page 66: WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES€¦ · 19/11/2013 · WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES . Presentation to the . RI Department of Administration . Legislative Task ... Overview: • What are](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052005/6018d5662c94c47c32787863/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Examples of Obligate Wildlife Reptiles & Amphibians • Green Frog • Wood Frog • Spotted Salamander • Northern Water Snake • Painted Turtle • Snapping Turtle • Diamondback Terrapin
![Page 67: WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES€¦ · 19/11/2013 · WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES . Presentation to the . RI Department of Administration . Legislative Task ... Overview: • What are](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052005/6018d5662c94c47c32787863/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Examples of Obligate Wildlife
Birds • Swamp Sparrow • Marsh Wren • Great Blue Heron • Osprey • Bald Eagle • Black Duck • Canada Goose
![Page 68: WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES€¦ · 19/11/2013 · WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES . Presentation to the . RI Department of Administration . Legislative Task ... Overview: • What are](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052005/6018d5662c94c47c32787863/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Examples of Obligate Wildlife
Mammals • Water Shrew • Mink • Fisher • Otter • Muskrat • Beaver
![Page 69: WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES€¦ · 19/11/2013 · WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES . Presentation to the . RI Department of Administration . Legislative Task ... Overview: • What are](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052005/6018d5662c94c47c32787863/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Examples of Facultative Wildlife Birds • Ovenbird • Wood Thrush • Song Sparrow • Gray Catbird • Great Horned Owl • Black-capped
Chickadee • Blue Jay
![Page 70: WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES€¦ · 19/11/2013 · WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES . Presentation to the . RI Department of Administration . Legislative Task ... Overview: • What are](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052005/6018d5662c94c47c32787863/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
Examples of Facultative Wildlife Mammals • Opossum • Raccoon • White-tailed
Deer • Black Bear • Eastern
Cottontail • Gray Squirrel • White-footed
Mouse
![Page 71: WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES€¦ · 19/11/2013 · WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES . Presentation to the . RI Department of Administration . Legislative Task ... Overview: • What are](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052005/6018d5662c94c47c32787863/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
Examples of Facultative Wildlife
Red Maple Swamps: • 59 Species of
Facultative Birds • 44 Species of
Facultative Mammals
![Page 72: WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES€¦ · 19/11/2013 · WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES . Presentation to the . RI Department of Administration . Legislative Task ... Overview: • What are](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052005/6018d5662c94c47c32787863/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
U.S. Threatened & Endangered Species
• 50% of animals are wetland-dependent
• 28% of plants are wetland-dependent
• Surface area of wetlands & deep waters = 9% of U.S. Swamp-Pink or
Dragon Mouth
![Page 73: WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES€¦ · 19/11/2013 · WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES . Presentation to the . RI Department of Administration . Legislative Task ... Overview: • What are](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052005/6018d5662c94c47c32787863/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
Sociocultural Values
• Recreation • Scenic or Aesthetic Value • Education & Research • Open Space
![Page 74: WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES€¦ · 19/11/2013 · WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES . Presentation to the . RI Department of Administration . Legislative Task ... Overview: • What are](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052005/6018d5662c94c47c32787863/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
Recreation • Swimming • Fishing • Shellfishing • Canoeing • Hiking • Hunting • Birdwatching • Photography • Skating / Skiing
![Page 75: WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES€¦ · 19/11/2013 · WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES . Presentation to the . RI Department of Administration . Legislative Task ... Overview: • What are](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052005/6018d5662c94c47c32787863/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
Scenic / Aesthetic Value • Water Views • Natural Landscapes • Undeveloped • Variety & Interest • Private
![Page 76: WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES€¦ · 19/11/2013 · WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES . Presentation to the . RI Department of Administration . Legislative Task ... Overview: • What are](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052005/6018d5662c94c47c32787863/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
Education & Research
![Page 77: WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES€¦ · 19/11/2013 · WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES . Presentation to the . RI Department of Administration . Legislative Task ... Overview: • What are](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052005/6018d5662c94c47c32787863/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
Open Space
![Page 78: WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES€¦ · 19/11/2013 · WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES . Presentation to the . RI Department of Administration . Legislative Task ... Overview: • What are](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052005/6018d5662c94c47c32787863/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
Wetland Functions & Values – Why Do We Care?
• Functions Performed Represent Huge Economic Value to Public
• Value of Clean Water Alone is Priceless • Floodwater Damage Costly - Ruinous • Key Element of Recreation Based Tourism • Value Added to Property • Quality of Life – Recreation, Open Space
![Page 79: WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES€¦ · 19/11/2013 · WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES . Presentation to the . RI Department of Administration . Legislative Task ... Overview: • What are](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052005/6018d5662c94c47c32787863/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
Recreational Values
![Page 80: WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES€¦ · 19/11/2013 · WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES . Presentation to the . RI Department of Administration . Legislative Task ... Overview: • What are](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052005/6018d5662c94c47c32787863/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
![Page 81: WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES€¦ · 19/11/2013 · WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES . Presentation to the . RI Department of Administration . Legislative Task ... Overview: • What are](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052005/6018d5662c94c47c32787863/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
Fishing - $130 Million
![Page 82: WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES€¦ · 19/11/2013 · WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES . Presentation to the . RI Department of Administration . Legislative Task ... Overview: • What are](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052005/6018d5662c94c47c32787863/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
Hunting - $18 Million
![Page 83: WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES€¦ · 19/11/2013 · WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES . Presentation to the . RI Department of Administration . Legislative Task ... Overview: • What are](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052005/6018d5662c94c47c32787863/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
Wildlife Watching - $200 Million
![Page 84: WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES€¦ · 19/11/2013 · WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES . Presentation to the . RI Department of Administration . Legislative Task ... Overview: • What are](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052005/6018d5662c94c47c32787863/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
Thanks -
• Department of Administration • Department of Environmental Management • Coastal Resources Management Council • University of Rhode Island • Dr. Francis C. Golet
![Page 85: WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES€¦ · 19/11/2013 · WETLAND FUNCTIONS & VALUES . Presentation to the . RI Department of Administration . Legislative Task ... Overview: • What are](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052005/6018d5662c94c47c32787863/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
Discussion