Western Settlement Western Settlement and Immigrationand Immigration

What four factors fueled What four factors fueled American growth and American growth and

expansion in the late 19expansion in the late 19thth and and early 20early 20thth centuries? centuries?

• 1) Economic opportunity1) Economic opportunity

• 2) Industrialization2) Industrialization

• 3) Technological change3) Technological change

• 4) Immigration 4) Immigration

What four factors influenced What four factors influenced American growth and American growth and

expansion in the late 19expansion in the late 19thth and and early 20early 20thth centuries? centuries?

• 1) Westward movement1) Westward movement

• 2) Immigration2) Immigration

• 3) Growth of cities3) Growth of cities

• 4) Admission of new states4) Admission of new states

Into what western region did Into what western region did settlement increase after the settlement increase after the

Civil War?Civil War?

• Between the Mississippi Between the Mississippi River and the Pacific OceanRiver and the Pacific Ocean

When was the era of the When was the era of the American cowboy?American cowboy?

• Years right before and right Years right before and right after the Civil Warafter the Civil War

During the era of the During the era of the American cowboy, what was American cowboy, what was the reason for the long cattle the reason for the long cattle drives over unfenced open drives over unfenced open

land in the West?land in the West?

• It was the only way to get It was the only way to get cattle to marketcattle to market

What was the Homestead Act What was the Homestead Act of 1862?of 1862?

• Gave free public land in the Gave free public land in the western territories to settlers western territories to settlers who would live on and farm who would live on and farm the landthe land

According to the SOLs, who According to the SOLs, who moved west to seek new moved west to seek new

opportunities after opportunities after the Civil War?the Civil War?

• SouthernersSoutherners

• Especially African-Especially African-AmericansAmericans

What two new technologies What two new technologies opened new lands in the West opened new lands in the West

for settlement and made for settlement and made farming profitable?farming profitable?

• RailroadsRailroads

• Mechanical reaperMechanical reaper

What crop did the mechanical What crop did the mechanical reaper harvest?reaper harvest?

• WheatWheat

By 1900, what parts of the By 1900, what parts of the American West had gone from American West had gone from

unsettled frontier to regions unsettled frontier to regions of farms, ranches, and towns?of farms, ranches, and towns?

• The Great PlainsThe Great Plains

• The Rocky MountainsThe Rocky Mountains

What happened to the What happened to the American Indians as settlers American Indians as settlers continued to move west from continued to move west from

1865 to 1900?1865 to 1900?

• American Indians were American Indians were forced off their ancestral forced off their ancestral landslands

When was the Old When was the Old Immigration?Immigration?

• Before 1880Before 1880

• SOLs say “prior to 1871”SOLs say “prior to 1871”

From what region of the From what region of the world did immigrants come world did immigrants come during the Old Immigration?during the Old Immigration?

• Northern and Western Northern and Western EuropeEurope

From what countries did the From what countries did the immigrants come during the immigrants come during the

Old Immigration?Old Immigration?

• GermanyGermany

• Great Britain Great Britain

• Ireland Ireland

• NorwayNorway

• SwedenSweden

What is the best way to What is the best way to remember the most important remember the most important

groups of the Old groups of the Old Immigration?Immigration?

• BIGBIG::

• BritishBritish

• IrishIrish

• GermansGermans

When was the New When was the New Immigration?Immigration?

• 1880-World War I1880-World War I

• SOLs say “the half-century SOLs say “the half-century from 1871 until 1921)from 1871 until 1921)

From what region of the world From what region of the world did the New Immigrants did the New Immigrants

come?come?

• Southern and Eastern Southern and Eastern EuropeEurope

From what countries did the From what countries did the immigrants come during the immigrants come during the

New Immigration?New Immigration?

• ItalyItaly

• GreeceGreece

• PolandPoland

• RussiaRussia

• Present-day HungaryPresent-day Hungary

• Former YugoslaviaFormer Yugoslavia

What is the best way to What is the best way to remember the most important remember the most important

groups of the New groups of the New Immigration?Immigration?

• RIPRIP::

• RussiansRussians

• ItaliansItalians

• PolesPoles

Do the SOLs put Asian Do the SOLs put Asian immigration in the Old immigration in the Old Immigration or the New Immigration or the New

Immigration?Immigration?

• New ImmigrationNew Immigration

What two Asian countries do What two Asian countries do the SOLs include in the New the SOLs include in the New

Immigration?Immigration?

• ChinaChina

• JapanJapan

Why did immigrants come to Why did immigrants come to America during the New America during the New

Immigration?Immigration?

• Freedom (political and Freedom (political and religious)religious)

• Better lives for their families Better lives for their families (economic opportunity)(economic opportunity)

How did Chinese immigrants How did Chinese immigrants contribute to the industrial contribute to the industrial

growth of America?growth of America?

• Helped build the Helped build the Transcontinental RailroadTranscontinental Railroad

Where did immigrants work Where did immigrants work in the Northeast during the in the Northeast during the

late 1800s?late 1800s?

• Textile millsTextile mills

• Steel millsSteel mills

In what industry did In what industry did immigrants work in New York immigrants work in New York

City in the late 1800s?City in the late 1800s?

• Clothing industryClothing industry

What groups worked in the What groups worked in the coal mines of the East during coal mines of the East during

the late 1800s?the late 1800s?

• SlavsSlavs

• ItaliansItalians

• PolesPoles

Describe the pay of most Describe the pay of most immigrants in the late 19immigrants in the late 19thth

century?century?

• Low payLow pay

• Dangerous working Dangerous working conditionsconditions

Where did most European Where did most European immigrants enter America immigrants enter America

during the New Immigration?during the New Immigration?

• Through Ellis Island in New Through Ellis Island in New York harborYork harbor

What was the first view of What was the first view of America of the European America of the European immigrants who entered immigrants who entered

through Ellis Island?through Ellis Island?

• The Statue of LibertyThe Statue of Liberty

What theory says late 19What theory says late 19thth century immigrants were quickly century immigrants were quickly

assimilated (absorbed) into assimilated (absorbed) into American culture?American culture?

• The “Melting Pot” thesisThe “Melting Pot” thesis

Where in the growing cities Where in the growing cities did the “new immigrants” did the “new immigrants”

often settle?often settle?

• In ethnic neighborhoodsIn ethnic neighborhoods

What are ethnic What are ethnic neighborhoods?neighborhoods?

• Neighborhoods of people Neighborhoods of people from the same country or from the same country or cultureculture

According to the “melting pot” According to the “melting pot” thesis, what American thesis, what American

institution served an essential institution served an essential role in the process of role in the process of

assimilating immigrants into assimilating immigrants into American society?American society?

• Public schoolsPublic schools

What types of hardship and What types of hardship and hostility did late 19hostility did late 19thth century century

immigrants often face?immigrants often face?

• Fear and resentment that Fear and resentment that immigrants would take jobs immigrants would take jobs for lower pay than native for lower pay than native born Americansborn Americans

• Religious and cultural Religious and cultural prejudiceprejudice

What two laws limited What two laws limited immigration to the United immigration to the United

States?States?

• Chinese Exclusion Act of Chinese Exclusion Act of 18821882

• Immigration Restriction Act Immigration Restriction Act of 1921of 1921

What cities grew rapidly as What cities grew rapidly as manufacturing and manufacturing and

transportation centers in the transportation centers in the late 19late 19thth century? century?

• ChicagoChicago

• DetroitDetroit

• PittsburghPittsburgh

• New YorkNew York

What provided jobs in the What provided jobs in the large cities during the late large cities during the late

1919thth century? century?

• FactoriesFactories

Where did workers often live Where did workers often live in the large cities of the late in the large cities of the late

1919thth century? century?

• TenementsTenements

• SlumsSlums

What are tenements?What are tenements?

• Run-down, low rental Run-down, low rental apartment buildingsapartment buildings

What shortages were created What shortages were created by the rapid growth of cities by the rapid growth of cities

in the late 19in the late 19thth century? century?

• Housing shortagesHousing shortages

What new public services What new public services were needed as a result of the were needed as a result of the

rapid growth of cities in the rapid growth of cities in the late 19late 19thth century? century?

• Sewage systemsSewage systems

• Water systemsWater systems

• Public transportationPublic transportation

What American city was one What American city was one of the first cities to begin of the first cities to begin construction of a subway construction of a subway

system around the turn of the system around the turn of the 2020thth century? century?

• New York CityNew York City

What type of public What type of public transportation system did transportation system did

many American cities build at many American cities build at the turn of the 20the turn of the 20thth century? century?

• Trolley or streetcar linesTrolley or streetcar lines

As the American population As the American population moved westward after the moved westward after the

Civil War, in what two regions Civil War, in what two regions were many new states added were many new states added

to the United States?to the United States?

• The Great PlainsThe Great Plains

• The Rocky MountainsThe Rocky Mountains

By the early 20By the early 20thth century, what century, what states had been admitted to states had been admitted to

the United States?the United States?

• All 48 states that make up All 48 states that make up the continental United Statesthe continental United States

What is the continental United What is the continental United States?States?

• All the states between the All the states between the Atlantic Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean Pacific Ocean