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Notes on the Orphic Hymns

Author(s): M. L. WestSource: The Classical Quarterly, New Series, Vol. 18, No. 2 (Nov., 1968), pp. 288-296Published by: Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Classical AssociationStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/638072

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NOTES ON THE ORPHIC HYMNSThe 'Prooemium'EACH f the Orphic Hymns is headed in the manuscriptsby the name of thedeity to which it is addressed,and in most cases a specificationof the kind ofincense to be used: thus 2 HlpoOvpalas. Ovlt'apla' acrvpaKa. 7 atarpwv. Ovlta'ac'dpco/uara.'Only the first hymn lacks a heading. It is preceded in the manu-scripts by a poem in which Orpheus addresses Musaeus and teaches him aprayer to a multitude of gods; he says this is much the best prayer for a Ovr-rroAir].he word OvrlrroXAIs used both at the beginning and at the end of thispoem. It is not found in the hymns, which regularlyrefer to the proceedingsat which they are recited as rTEAEror reAEral. The list of gods in the poem toMusaeus differs both in compositionand in sequence from those addressed inthe hymns, and it has long been suspectedthat the poem to Musaeus was notcomposed by the author of the hymns.2The absence of heading to the firsthymn suggeststhat the contiguity of theprefatory poem and the hymnswas less close originallythan it is now, in otherwords, that the combination may be due to an accident of the transmission.This hypothesisreceives some supportfrom one of the references to the hymnsin Johannes Diaconus Galenus, who is the only writer who cites them at all.In threeplaces in his allegoricalexegesisto Hesiod's Theogony,p. 328 and 330Flach, he cites passages from the hymns. In the second and third places hesimply gives 'Orpheus'as the source, but in the firstplace he says 'Opoevs evrols Ovtplots dpapcoaau avyypaylLa se rovro 'Opqa'Ko'v. Clearly he found at thebeginning of the collection he was using: 'Opqe'ws, and nearby, Ovrtga forOvrcblaia)' apociaara.And his manuscriptbegan as early as ours do, for one ofthe verses he quotes is the first line of the first hymn. He seems therefore tohave read the heading which our manuscripts lack: 'EKa'arJs.Ovpla/a adpc)-tiara.3What is more important,he read it as the beginningof a work,with thelabel 'OpqE'cs. If the poem to Musaeus was present, it was as a separateOrphic poem.

I These originated as memoranda ofthings to have ready. Cf. 53 tA/isterovs.OvfJlala ?rradwarrr)vAXfivov. Kat a7rreve yaAa.The senseless heading of 3, NvKro', Ovt,lapla$aAovs,must be corrected to Ovtaiaj, ( ).aaAov's.There is another omission in theheading of 85, OvdliaLa' ( ) ,zLEr,r7KoWvos.2 C. Petersen, Phil. 27 (I868), 389; O.Kern, Hermes75 (1940), 20-5.3 Quandt, OrpheiHymni p. 3* n. 2, sug-gests that he found the hymn bearing thetitle ZEAh'vrls, because he quotes the firstverse as evidence that Orpheus identifiedHecate with the moon. But it is hard to seethe author or anyone later giving the hymnto Selene, and I would prefer to suppose thatDiaconus read the moon into TrpLOSETLVepav-V7'v.The Stoics had identified Artemis withthe moon, and given to her various epithets,

including TptoSirts', new meanings to suit.Cf. Plut. defac. lun. 937F rpLo0rits gartVvEA'r,vr]) a,Laa uL7JKOS r7T TroV &aOLaKOVal

7TAa-rosgE7r>EpofePOLvrKat fdaOos; Cornut. 34p. 72. 13 Lang; GDK (= Heitsch, GriechischeDichterfragmenteer rimischenKaiserzeit) 59.1o. 24-6.In view of the minuscule corruption thathe presupposes in Hes. Th. 358, Diaconuscannot be earlier than the ninth century;and Mr. N. G. Wilson tells me that theGreek seems to him to belong to the middleByzantine period. The only ground for anearlier dating was the inference from Dia-conus' epilogue that he had a son studying atAthens. Mr. Wilson points out, however,that the passage is probably no more thana compliment to the son on his mastery ofAtticist prose.


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NOTES ON THE ORPHIC HYMNSThe list of Orpheus' works in the Suda includes one called Ov7rTroX0AKv.Kern, Hermes52 (I917), 150, argued that this title referred to our collection ofhymns.He observedthat in cod. Laur. 32. 45 (Quandt'sd) the hand that added

the headings in red ink had written 0&r7T6bn the margin beside hymn i. I, i.e.preciselyat the place where we divide the hymns fromthe poem to Musaeus.His claim that this was the best manuscriptof the hymnswas not borne out byQuandt's investigationof the tradition,which reduced it to one among manywitnesses to the archetype reading. But its low place in Quandt's stemma isdeceptive. In 49. I and heading, it alone of the 6 manuscriptspreservesthecorrect form 'Irrra,which looks impossiblefrom the stemma; and in 56. 2 itsTrvOetvaiss closer to the correct rroOetvaLsthan the TrvELvalS of the other 6manuscripts. So there is no reasonwhy it should not have inherited an ancientmarginalnote which othermanuscriptsomitted as meaningless.If themarginalnote has any significance,2 t surelypoints not to O9v7TroX'Kdveing the title ofthe hymns but to its being the title of the poem to Musaeus.The title wouldnaturally be derived from the references to a Ovr7roAtlrt the beginning andend of the poem.3Thyepol. I-2 MdavOae8 Movcait O vriTroAtrvTEpLa'JvrJv,

EVX7V, 07 Trot7rpo!EpE?aTprEcarvWTraaecOV.Editions since Hermann read TrEpgE'LUv]-qvs one word, earlier ones read 7rep[aE/v'7v. If it is read as one word, we must translate, 'Learn, Musaeus, the (ruleof) solemn sacrifice, the prayer which is of all prayers the best'. OvrrToAi-q sdirect object of pdavOaveseems possible, but the apposition with EvX37s awk-ward. It is better to revert to TEpt'E/VI7V, or to write 'c cEV.7v, and translate,'Learn the prayer for the solemn sacrifice'. In the last line of the poem the godsinvoked are asked to come 1rvVE OvvrTro,ALrvLpriv orTov37Vr' ErM ?EcLV)7V.Hymn I. 6 Orjpopopov, a'cOaUov, J7rpo6cuaXov ElosE Xovaav.6O'p6ppotpov, like ravpoiro'Aov in 7 and ovpeatcotorcv in 8, belongs to the Artemis-personality of Hecate, and a'WcoTrov,he significance of which I cannot see,should be emended to Ev'Wcarov. Confusion of a and ev is frequent, because oftheir similar appearance in early minuscule.3. 8-I I UT^reAIs', xOovta 8' ov pavia 7raAtv a'rr ,

EyKVKA[a 7TraKTetpa 8t'yLCLatLV 'EpOOOLTOLTS,37 ()aoS EK7TE/IJ7TESV7TO VEpTEpcKCpat TCAt bEVyECSEtl Atr]v' 8Etvr)yap avayK7r] TavTa KpaTVVEL.Night is here described as she chases the bright half of the sky round theworld. The word 7raiKTEtpa strikes a discordant note; there is nothing playfulin the scene, cf. &etv3) yap advyKr TardvraKparv'vEt.An agent noun from a verbof motion is really wanted to go with &tooytartv. I suggest 7rAayKretLpa.f. 6. I

I Cf. Quandt, pp. 27* ff. Pfeiffer, Callimachusi. lxxxiv) the heading2 According to Quandt, p. 44* n. i, the was simply 'Ope ws rrpos ovaagov, to whichscribe simply took the word from Ov-qTroAM'v one or two later copies added 1vLvoL orin the text. He does not suggest why he rzeArat. The earnest message etrvX6s-Xp,should have written it in the margin. ETrapehat follows it is not meant to be said3 In the archetype of the manuscripts by Orpheus but was written in a copy given(twelfth-thirteenth century, according to as a present. Aunts write similarly in Bibles.

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aWOeporAayKTov, 7. 8 ?EponrAayKTro; IG xii (5) 739. 29 (of the zodiac) arpam7nrov7TAayKr?e[pav.4. 9 KXvO'Er'aywv 401,v o'jav LpvTr1veo?dvrrT.The word must be passive, not active: veoav-ros, veoQav-rw. Assimilation ofendings.6. I -II dAAacaKap 1ToAv`tyrLTroAXvdrope,3acve yeyrOtbS

Es reAerrJv aytav TroAvTroLKtAovopytocdvraLs.I do not know in what sense the -EAETr'ould be 7roAvTrolKlAo', but it is an ap-propriate adjective for Protogonos; cf. TroAvharope.Read 7roAvwrotKtAos,om-paring for the general expression 76. I I AAdh oAoLre OeacliLvrats 7roAvroltKLAoayvaL. Assimilation of endings.0o. 6-7 Evvvxla, TroAXTre,e AaTE,Aardpe, evoKaeKre,aiWo9ov dcarpaydcAoLcTT0&Wv 'XvosElAiUaovaca.

Physis is addressed. eLvEOKaOEKTrs meaningless ('hard to be repressed' LSJ, asif BeWvo- ould = 8va-). W. Theiler has proposed 8eLvoKaOCEKrLPhil. 94 (1941),250), sc. - ra aELvdKaTEXovca Kat Travovaa, and Quandt in the second impres-sion of his edition (I955, p. 84) bids us put this in the text. I find it an oddattribute of Physis, and cannot believe that the idea would have been ex-pressed in a compound of such a unique form; nor does it bear any relation-ship to the adjacent epithets. The correct word must be i&VoKaOEKTr, sc. D ?1v7avveXel KaTexoIeLv7]. Cf. 22 aevdac aTpoXaAiyy7 0oov p'vJa &8vevovaa; 4. 4, 6. 7,7. 4, 8. 7.12. 3 (Heracles) aloXAo'opqe Xpovov Trdraep dal8t re IvqpwvtHermann writes adclo's Te Kal e'qOpwov (so Abel, but with eVkpov); an improve-ment metrically and grammatically, but dl&ogand ev'pcov are rather dissimilarepithets to be so closely coupled, and one expects Xpovov Tarrepto follow thecaesura. The latter consideration is also against Theiler's adl'e -reAeakpcov, noris there reason to suspect e1'pwv, a frequent epithet in the hymns. It is, how-ever, usually disyllabic (in thirteen out of fifteen other occurrences), and so inmy conjecture: e;cpwv aloAd/xopre xpo'vov Trdrepadlt8 Zev. Cf. 8. I3 dJ0aAr)sdatavre Xpovov ,rdrep ddvare Zev; 28.3 init.V'aptov ,roidAoov/Ac.12. 9-I2 avrocv7yS, aKd.clas, 1al'rs fAXdJrr1pacepprrTov,RpwOTOyovots orTp/as boAlrw, pLeyaAcovv tvaiwv,

o0 7Tepl Kparl qtoperE ?)W Kal VVKTaie'atvav,cS3EK' ar' dvroAXiv a'xpt $vaujZv adAa tE'p7TroV.

Van Lennep made two false conjectures in verse Io, which have imposed onsubsequent editors. For 4oAiacv e wrote foAtmtv, oAts being used of lightningin the Septuagint. But apart from the fact that the poet elsewhere constructs(d)arpadrrwowith the accusative (19. 2, 20. 3), qoAicnv is highly appropriate,and unlikely to be the product of corruption. In verse 9 Heracles is addressedas Time (FaLrS fAadT-r.a = Kronos, as I3. 6). In the Orphic theogony ofHieronymus and Hellanicus, and probably also in the Rhapsodies, Chronos-Heracles was described as a serpent; and the shining Protogonos, whoappeared from the egg made by Chronos, also had a large serpent 'on hishead' (fr. 54). Each of the three words 7TpwroyOvoi arpdaS oAoXtcnvlludes to

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NOTES ON THE ORPHIC HYMNSthat narrative. (The verb a7rorrpaTrrco is used of Protogonos n fr. 86. 4.) TheTime-serpent is further suggested by Step7rwvn verse 12, as Eisler remarked.For vaov Lennep wrote Hatcov,comparing verse 14 eAOe iPaKap, vovaowv0EhAKrptLa Tarvra KOP(ILOV. Cf. also 8. 12 (to the Sun) Kap'rttE IHatdv,Nonn. D.40. 407 (to Heracles) i'reav Uiati7wcvvvr baTros. But the poet elsewhere saysIHatdv, not IIat6v (8. 2, II. II, 34. I, 52. I I, 67. I); and Paeon is out of placein the astronomicalcontext of verse io. We must read yeyaAoXvvpzeloav.Forthe hiatus at this place in the verse, following a vocative in -e, cf. I I. 4 av'vOpove"Qpats.14. 8 bEbv8oLV, E, epa, Avrtrpd, dpXwyeveOAe.In 36. 7 we have Avur-Tp'a,nd Abel writesAvvrptaS.ButAvr7nptass the irregularform. If we are going to level-and there is a good deal to be said for it-Avrqpt'as preferable. The other form might have arisen from a variant Avr'7ptoS,cf. 12 croT?jposg.15. 1-2 ZEV t7roAXvtLE,u Zev aBiOLTE) ,Tnve TO LfES

ILapTvptav TLOeEJEcr0aLAvmTplov 37ye 7Tpoaevwv.The family h, and another manuscript 1, give groAV-rilre, which scans. h,which Keydell showed to representa recensionby GeorgeGemistus,known asPlethon,Ipreservessome genuine readingslost in othersources,but apparentlyonly in one poem.2 TroAvTLTt1res probably a conjecture. The poet elsewhereuses 7roAvprt,e29. 3), and what is missing is as likely to be a word as a syllable.Pierson's 7roAvr1qe (,rdrep) therefore deserves to be exhumed. Cf. 1. I Zev7rarep, 83. I 'QKEaVOV KaAo 7rarep' d)0Orov; Proc. H. 6. 3 = 15 xap' "Iave7rporadropZe ao0Tre.i8. I2-I4 Ei!3ovA', ayvo7roAov trTrepos os 7TOTeTraFSa

vvtqevcras AXel/uWvos-a'droa7ra8r&av,d T4oVTovreTp)cpot,s 7TrTrotav tr AT0tos oryayes davrpov.

Following Sanctamandus, editors write adroa7raitqv.A change of one letter,but, it may be thought, not a very natural corruption. d7roc7raS&oSdoes notoccur elsewhere (-tov as a noun, of a bunch of grapes, Philip AP 6. 102. 2).Perhaps a superior correction is vv'UevcraS (indicative) AEp65vos daroa7rac KalSt rTo'TOV KTA. Papyrologists know how similar HN and KAI may look in anancient book-hand. Cf. Nonn. D. 34. 346 f. (Bassarids) &twKco'pevat E mCr0p?au'TEos eVTOS tKavov aTrocrTraaes'0d aos vAs.19 title Kepavv[ov zAls ' Kepavvov Jtos cett.The first is proved right by the content of the hymn, in which Zeus is theaddressee and the Kepavvo' his instrument, and by the parallelism of 20AlosAacrpavralov and I5. 9 daTcpavrate fpovrate KepavwLe vTrdAle Zef. The ZevsKepavvo's invented by Usener has no place here.3

I GGA 1942, 77 ff. He did not entirely ness to the family ({. Cf. pp. 8i f. of theconvince von Blumenthal, Gnomon 9 (1943), second impression. Of h's other good read-I45- ings, some probably are conjectures (7. 2, 5,2 34. 7 Bpay, I4 SESopKars, I9 KLpvas, 8. 3, 32. i, 66. 3), others are shared with +24 e'rwvviL+7qv. The hypothesis that these are (32. 15, 46. 4, 86. 3, 4).conjectures (Quandt) can only be based on 3 Rh. Mus. 60 (I905), i ff. = Kl. Schr. iv.the preconceived belief that 'IF' is the sole 471 ff. 0tio KepavvoG in IG v (2) 288 issource of the extant manuscripts. The same genitive of Atos Kepavvos.must be said of Quandt's persistent unfair-

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9. 3-7 TraJLuaKcpeo)v3pavov OeLatLsOpov-rata Trtva'acov,vdCqaaL7Travv?EEAotsTrepOTrflv AEyE'0ovcaavvaltwv,Aatiarras, o',upovs, Tpra7rr7cjpas paTrpovs 7r KepavvovspdaAAwvs tpo0tovgs A0oyEpovs, PEAEEactLKaAv7rraWv7Tap4AEfKTOvs KpaTEpovs cptKWAeas- oflptLIoOvLiovs.

In verse 4, Zeus kindles his lightning not, surely, from 'cloud-covered streams',but TrvevLaau 7ravvec;e'AoLs.Like many others in antiquity, the author of thehymns regards thunder, lightning, and earthquakes as caused by internalwind in the clouds or the earth: 21. 5 (veAc;a)) 7TvevxaaLv avrlarraacro ('con-vulsed') 7st8potda8rv 7Traayecurat, 23. 5-6 (Nereus) os KAOVEELSAJrov6S epOVpadOpov, 7jvLKa TTvotaL | Ev !IVXVtoLsKEVOLUarV e'AavvoJlevas ad7rOKAelots.In line 6 read es xOovlov,, i.e. the Titans or Giants. (The two are not clearlydistinguished in imperial times.) The poet is following the common allegoricaluse of myth. The Titanomachy represents the thunderstorm, and converselythunderstorms are Titanomachies.I There are some clear echoes of Hesiod'sTitanomachy in this passage: 6 , Th. 716 Kara 3' EaKlaaav eXEEUrcfI TtTrjvaS,15 iuapliatpel L E 7TparTp a acvat^ ciapayel 8e Kepavvos Th. 693 ea/capayLTe,698 f. ocaae S' atlepS . . . avyr7 fLapplatpovora Kepavvov reE aTepOTrrjS re. MyXOovtovs (0Aoyepotvs) will correspond to 697 (rots S'a5te7re OEpto's Cavrpr)TTijrvaS XOovIovs, AXo'e' aWE'pa 8favLcavev.24. 1-2 Nrqpe'osEvaALovv'L'latL, KaAvKo7r8rese, yvat,

ta pa'yiat, v'Oa, xpOraIyiove, vypoKeAEvOo.Hermann wrote ppltKtat (E2I)flvOtat, which Abel modified to (ptLKaA at pv0'La.E. Maass then attempted to justify arpady (e) cla by reference to the pct'payt[TLESvv'cuat on Cithaeron (Turk, RE iiiA. I759), a suggestion that Quandt findsinteresting; Theiler, p. 252, contributes crapay7LSaL.The significance of thename of the Boeotian cave-nymphs is obscure, and it is audacious to transfer itto the Nereids on the strength of an unmetrical manuscript reading.I propose daJ)daSta. Poseidon daqaA~Etos (dJaJ'Atosin hexameters, Opp. H.5. 680) is well known. The epithet originally belonged to him as earth-shaker(cf. Ar. Ach. 682, Xen. Hell. 4. 7. 4, Opp. loc. cit.), but as in time he becamemore and more the god of the sea, it was also interpreted as belonging to himas protector of ships (Paus. 2. I. 9 with Frazer). So App. BC 5. 98, Philostr.Vit. Ap. 4. 9, Heliod. 6. 7, sch. Ar. loc. cit. The Nereids have the same function(Sappho 5, A.R. 4. 842 if.; linked with Poseidon, Melicertes, Leucothea andZephyrus, Philodemus AP 6. 349), and may have the same epithet. It goeswell next to /v'Otat.24. 7 vop68oJULOtKtpTrrTal Atcraaolevot7TrepKv^i[a.Eschenbach wrote ViOpoppo'io, and -Spo'!ot is worth considering. The poet isfond of adjectives in -pdo'/os-. The first element, however, must in any case beVypo-, as in v7ypoKEAvOoS 22. 6, al., Vypo7ropos 5I. 2. The same corruption hasoccurred at 21. 3 V5poKEKev`oV, where Hermann's correction is proved right bythe five other occurrences of the word in the hymns.

I Cf. already II. 2. 781 f. See in general Nonnos' in Gedenkschriftur Georg Rohde,the instructive article of R. Keydell, Tiibingen, I96 , I05-14.'Mythendeutung in den Dionysiaka des

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NOTES ON THE ORPHIC HYMNS34. 6-7 tfovaayeTa, XOpO7roL, EK7/goAE,rofopeAE[ve,

BpayXLe KaltZSivLVE, teKadcpye, Aoia, adyve.Hermann wrote tovaayETrr.It does not, however, seem very likely that thepoet scanned iuovaay-. (He has ayera KOt)WVn 52. 7.) In the next line Her-mann has EKacEpyoS, while von Blumenthal, p. 144 n. 2, retains EKacpyewith thefinal syllable lengthened from Aoeta; but the poet has such lengthenings onlyin arsis (at least fourteen times: Quandt p. 40* no. 6). The simplest solutionof both problems is perhaps !ovcrayE .. . Kaepyera. Neither of these forms isfound, but this may have led to the confusion: a marginal correction of onemay have been wrongly applied to the other.35. 3 (Leto) EVITrKVOVZr]VOS yovICYv oWAvaAalovaora.Quandt adopts the Aldine conjecture Aaxovra, with a reference to 17. 7, whichis nothing but an instance of the corruption of AaX-to AafB- nd no support forAaXovaahere. Aafov-ira s all right; cf. Aesch. Ch. 127 f. Kal Fatav avr7rv, q ra7Tavra rTKCerat IOpacrad r' avSOts aTV8e KViLaAaCLadvet, Hipp. Prorrh. 2. 24 (ix.54 L.) Ev yacrpl AapC.aveLv,Machon 50, 52 Gow.I cannot, however, construe Zr-vos (with either verb), for ot&scannot heremean 'offspring', qualified as it is by yOvwtos,1 and in 44. 8 BaKXOv yovp,17v8iUva, acchus is the child born, not the father. Read (EKK)Zrqvod. EVrTKVOShasthe second syllable short in 40. 13, the only other place in the hymns whereit is used.38. 15- 7 7VIK av op,alavr)Te XoAov'OJeVOtvOpWrroaTvL

oAAv'vTvre pfloTov Kal KC77/LaTa 7?S Kal a'rovs7T,rL17TAaCvr,rrTovaXELr LEyas 7rovTrosflaOvvr7s.rTtL7rrpdaves iel, TrAadrovreHermann. I prefer with Theiler, p. 256, to assumea lacuna after i6. He offers ({raLiTrA70eis,XwpElTr ya&palepa rrvotf? drArcoT),where the first word is chosen to make the omission mechanically simple, andhas no other attraction. I suspect that the poet may have been thinking of Hes.Th. 879-80 E'py' epara qOQetpovatLXaaycyeov davOporra)v,I 7t7rLrAEtruaaOVLO TeKac apyaAe'ov KoAoarvprov, and suggest 7eS Kal avrovs ( eLpovres . . . KoAoavp-

TOv) I TL7rLrTAavTE7S.42. IIEvIevievovaU EXOLSa'yaOots TreAeoUVg'r' adeAoLS.Theiler changed reAEovor'to reXer7s, probably rightly; the participial endingwill have been a repetition from E1V3LEVEOVu'. aas made the further change toayaOov .... OAovs, comparing 7. I2, 43. I , 79. I2. The dative is to be kept,cf. 31. 6, 51. 17.43- 10-I I XAE0T7I7TEI7beviOUS TeAEras oaltas veoOlvaTros,

EVKCap7OVs KacpWv yeveaELs E7rayovo'ac afLE/Pbs.In io, the manuscripts' veotLVarovs is changed by Hermann to veoLV'UTrots, andthe other editors follow him. But the noun should be veoucvurTrs, -aLs, notveotUvaros: cf. veo-roAXrrTS,eoSaCtLC8rs.In I KatpCov yevEa'Ets is meaningless; read evKaCpovs Kap7rTv, or evKaptrOV(:KatLpc .

The phrase yovlta d8's may have likely common source for Isyllus (53 Powell))originated in Euripides, for he is the most and the Orphic hymn.

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44. 7-9 ava TrpLrrEplasopas,7v7lKaaov BaKxov yovtlLrfv (c)Lva TEAXatLEVmEpov Te Tparrecav LOE'VT(7jpL' a 'yva.

Semele is addressed. The oddity of aovBaKXovwas noticed by Platt, who pro-posed BaKXat (J. Phil. 26 (I899), 228). But it is the orov ather than the BoKXovthat is strange.Read cool,when in your honour they celebrate the labour thatbore Bacchus'.46. I AlKVtrv alOvvUaovETr' evXatLTratarS KLKA7raKOJ.Quandt, p. 87, is converted to E7revXats.But see 27. 2, 72. I, and the papyrushymn quoted by him on the latter passage (= GDK59. 13. 27).50. 7 Xap,taporoFs, LXAaAvrTov,7raOLE,KaAAdLOEepE.52. 9 prf,]tXOw,7TVpLeyyEs', eTraopLE, KovpE &arcLTwp.In 52. 9 the f manuscripts have T&raLe,s do all manuscripts in 50. 7. No suchepithet of Dionysus is otherwiseknown, and Quandt prudently refrains fromdecision between the variants. There is a Zeus 2tptos- in Thessaly, but itwould be unsafe to assume that this has any relevance. Theiler, p. 253, con-jectures EAad(p)tE, eferring to RE v. 2233 f., xii. 767.'The clue to the correctform and significanceof the epithetmay lie in a parch-ment document from Avroman in Kurdistan, dating from the first centuryB.C.2 It is a record of sale of a vineyard, the seller having some obligation ofcontinued maintenance: eav Se Kal ' FaadKrYs ot'yWop7ajv alTreXovKalKTroL7rnvr7jve,raaov, arTOTrEvvverT)oavro Tl.rTEOV (A 25, almost the same inthe duplicate copy B 26).Exactly what E'raaos?means is not clear,3 but it is something that a vineought to be, and fails to be if it is neglected. Dionysus 7craqos-may be derivedfrom this. If e'Traoshas a short alpha (which is likely but cannot be proved),E7Ta'dt is a metrical lengthening.52. 2-3 iLrpoTpe4rs, ALKVtra, t,rvpiTroAEKal TeAETedpa,

WVVKTEfpEvfovUAev, iLtTp,r]opE,OvpTaotvaKTca.rrvpTrrvoeermann; but it is more likely to be the first part of the compoundthat is corrupt, Trvpt-having come in from rrvpglarope above. Read Ovq77rode,which goes well with EArTadpXa.54. 2-3 ZLAr77VJVX' apiLTE, TETL[LEVE7Traa OEOFat

Kal Ovr7TOMac3pOTocLLVEC r TpLETr7pLLv dopaiL.emr: read ev. Cf. 51. I8 daErTpdoLotaEtvevpats, 53. 7, 566.5 Ev() KVKAadaL c'ppacs,32. 14, etc.; often in Nonnus, also Musaeus 279 TeAEcro-lyacALOLLEcpats.56. 4 Kovprq Kal KoVpE tav r7TcaoLvta'Aosalev ASwvv.# has KopE or KoVpE.Quandt assumes this to be right, but does not explainwhy. Hermann writes (KOpE) rraal (KaAov) OaAos (cf. 36. I I), Wiel tracn (LaEs-)BdAos,Theiler (p. 251) jpLrTraAXvOaAE-.one of these accounts for av. Read

I Elaphrios was an epithet of Zeus in 2 Edited by E. H. Minns, JHSxxxv (915),Crete and Cnidos, Elaphia of Artemis in 28 ff.various places. 3 Minns discusses it on p. 55.

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NOTES ON THE ORPHIC HYMNSKoVp'] Kal KoVpE,Zvplas Odaos.CYPIAC was read as CYHAC, and made intocV 7raatv.57. 5-9 os 7rapaITepouqov?s Lepov o&ov dLLTToAveLs,

alvopkopoLs ivXatls Tro/7ros Kara yaFav vTrapXwvaS KaTcalyet oTTOTavJuop7]7 XpovoS EctaalKCrrat.LEVepC paSlOs tOeAywv vr7voSoCTtpa TravraKal crda v V rvovTas E'YELpELs.

The parallelism with eyelpEts requires E0Xyets.Cf.. .24. 343 f. Od. 5. 47 f.(24. 3 f.) ELE?TOOE pacpSov, .~ i' dv8pCv o'ptLtara OAyel Lv EOeAEt,Tovs 8' avreKal v7vcoovTas EyeLpeL.For vrvo8o(retpa 7ravra the Aldine has V7Tvo8wTEp taravra(-8&uTpDinner); J. M. Gesnerus, Hermann, and Abel v7Tvo8CTt L8 ravra.rvoTV8rts does not occur, though the poet (alone of Greeks) does have othercompounds in -s6Orts (/LO-, oAplo-, xapL-). Read ardvO'trvoSoredp. The poetuses v7rvoSorELpain 3. 7, and several other compounds in -8'reLpa (Kap7ro-,oA/o-, opOo-, wavro-, 7rAov-ro-).64. 3-5 (Nomos) VUEWcsTorE'/3aLovaKAtves ao-raortaorov aelt TrpovrTa VOpOltalV,olaLv avoOe (pE>pwvpie'yav ovpavov av'Tos oevet.bepcovn the last line is unintelligible.Theiler, who was apparently the first tosee this, suggested flpv'ov (p. 254). Quandt in the reprinted edition, p. 87, takesthe view that the first half of the line has intrudedfrom anotherplace. I wouldsuggest &(op6iv. Cf. 6i. 2, 62. 3, 69. I5, 70. 4.

69. 3-5 (Erinyes) VVKTepLatL,vkXta, V7TOKEVOEcV otKl 'uaaK]EVEpoEV'T 2vTos v&op,vTp) ev rlepoevTt 7rapa ryos lEpOV/o)p

ovX oortatscovuat pporcov 7ET?roT7levat atlt.In line 5 Quandt adopts the KEKOTr/EVat proposed by Gerlach in I797.Tre7TroTqe/Evats protected by 59. 2-5 (Moirai) at- ' El Atvrjs . . . tva AXVcovv8aSp .. . p7yvvTra ev'KLEpp Al Tapp /kV)X EVAlGOovavrpov, j vaLov,aU Tre7roTr7a,OeftpoTrv E7r arTelpova afav. Exactly the same picture of goddesses flying forthfrom a cave with a stream to visit mankind. The dative flovAatrts inelegant,but acceptable in this poet.69. 10-I3 olvre yap eAiov Taxtvalt bAo'yesov'e creAr7vr'SKal uof7rS apET77 TE Kal Epyacrt'ov Opaav'T7TOS

evXapL r')ov re 8iov Atirapis 'TEpLKaLLAAEoSsVlp4OvXCo)plts yeLpe evbpoavvas plOrTOO.

In Phil. o6 (I962), I2I, I restored evxapirov, and attempted an interpretationof the passagebased on the part played by the Erinyesin controllingthe suninHeraclitusB 94.' I think I was basically right, but it now appearsto me thatthe problemis simplified fwe retain aper'Tin i i insteadof adoptingthe readingof 4, dpcrrjs.The aotsw dapeTr)s intellectual excellence, much like the Tra'aqs7ratSel7Rsaperq of 76. 4. In 63. I I (to Dikaiosyne) ev aol yap uo.obs dpcris- reAoseaOAov KaveL, we shall read aotx4'S aperrT with Conr. Gesnerus, not aooilr'apeTqs with Hermann. The aper? epyacr4ov Opaav'rr~os s the excellence at-tained in bodily labour; cf. 78. I 2 (Dawn) 7rdvrayap cpyadluqovtiorov Ovryrolac

I I see that this fragment was adduced by Theiler, p. 257, whose treatment of thepassage is nevertheless violent. It is no. 52 in M. Marcovich's new edition.

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296 M. L. WEST7Top a'4S, with 6 pyawv 'y '4-pa, &'ov ITp'7ToAEOV 7TOLcTLV.To the alternativeways of mental and physical activity is now added a third kind of life, simpleenjoyment of the pleasuresof youth. All threeways may lead to happiness,butnot without the supervisionof the Erinyeswho punish all excess. For the ideacf. 63-. 18o. 6 JKtVES pr4trrOvC e m XuoS EAoto.When I condemned the verse (Phil. io6 (i962), i22) I had not observedthatit is in fact omitted in the b manuscripts (Quandt p. i2*).87. 3-4? oaso yap viTvoS /vy^gjjS OpatEt Ka't oa&(zTO& oAKO'V,

aPVlf qKVV5 9YEWSg KEKpaT77f9EVaEva /La.ubv s is Platt's correction of OVX'4v.EKpaT?7-Evas presumably thought tomean 'overcome',but the prolepticuse of the perfectpassive participle is verysuspect. The poet surely wrote KEKPOT-q1t4va,the bonds welded by nature.University ollege,Oxford M. L. WEST

west, notes orphic hymns

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