West Nile Virus Surveillance and Response

U.S. National and Michigan2002

Michigan Department of AgricultureAnimal Industry Division

Steven Halstead, D.V.M., M.S.

Acknowledging…

Kathryn Herbst, MSU CVM Class of 2004

Dr. Jon Patterson, MSU DCPAHDr. Roger Maes, MSU DCPAH

VirologyDr. Judy Marteniuk, MSU CVM LACS

WNV Transmission Cycle

WNV and Animals

Mosquitoes Birds

wild domestic

HorsesHumansOther

animals?

From: www.thehorse.com

National Equine WNV Cases

Equine WNV Clinical Disease

Listlessness (Headache, flu-like) Fever Skin twitching Muscle fasciculations Stumbling Incoordination Weakness of limbs Ataxia Partial paralysis Possible death

Equine WNV Facial Paralysis

Equine WNV Treatment & Prognosis

Majority of cases: mild or non-apparent

Small % get sick > 65% affected horses

recover to normal function when treated.

If recumbent, guarded prognosis

No specific treatment – support (IV fluids/NG tube feeding; control fever; safe, quiet housing.)

Positive Avian W N V Counties 2002Last Updated 11/1/02

K ew eenaw

B araga

4

Iron

1

H oughton

O ntonagon

1

G ogebic

2

M arquette

2

D ickinson

1

M enom inee

4

A lger

1D elta

1

Schoolcraft

2

Luce

1C hippew a

7 M ackinac

1

Em m et

2

A lpena

1

C heboygen

1 Presque Isle

2

O tsego

2

C harlevoix

3A ntrim

3Leelanau

3

M ontm orency

1

K alkaskaC raw ford

3O scoda

1A lcona

1B enzie

6G rand

Traverse

3R oscom m on

2M issaukee

2

W exford

1M anistee

3

O sceola

1LakeM ason

3

Iosco

4O gem aw

2C lare

2 G ladw in

4

Isabella

4

M ecosta

4N ew aygo

1

O ceana

2

A renac

2

M idland

7

B ay

9

H uron

2

M uskegon

4M ontcalm

4

Sanilac

5Tuscola

3Saginaw

27G ratiot

3K ent

12 Ionia

2C linton

1 Shiaw assee

5

G enesee

6

Lapeer

6 St. C lair

5

Eaton

9O akland

7

M acom b

20B arry

4A llegan

5

O ttaw a

1

Ingham

26Livingston

4Van B uren

5 K alam azoo

9

C alhoun

3Jackson

4 W ashtenaw

7

W ayne

6

St. Joseph

2 B ranch

1H illsdale

2Lenaw ee

3M onroe

10C ass

4B errien

7

= Counties w ith testing activity negative for W est N ile V irus (num ber of b irds tested) = Counties w ith a positive W NV bird (num ber of b irds tested before the positive)

Note: Testing of b irds stops after the first positive per county is confirm ed. Testing of birds endsNovem ber 1, 2002

Positive Hum an W NV Counties 2002 Last Updated 2/18/03

Kew eenaw

Baraga

Iron

Houghton

O ntonagon

G ogebic

M arquette

D ickinson

M enom inee

Alger

Delta

Schoolcraft

Luce

Chippew a

M ackinac

Em m et

1

Alpena

Cheboygen Presque Isle

O tsego

1

Charlevoix

Antrim

Leelanau

M ontm orency

Kalkaska

Craw ford

O scoda

Alcona

Benzie

G rand Traverse

Roscom m on M issaukee

W exford M anistee

O sceola

Lake

M ason

Iosco O gem aw

C lare G ladw in

Isabella

M ecosta

New aygo

2

O ceana

Arenac

1

M idland

Bay

1

Huron

M uskegon

1 M ontcalm

Sanilac

1 Tuscola

Saginaw

2 G ratiot

Kent

57 Ionia

1 Clinton

Shiaw assee

G enesee

1

Lapeer

1 St. Clair

1

Eaton

2 O akland

184

M acom b

103 Barry

1prob. Allegan

1 prob.

O ttaw a

10

Ingham

7 Livingston

Van Buren

3 Kalam azoo

3

Calhoun

Jackson W ashtenaw

W ayne

187

St. Joseph Branch

H illsdale

Lenaw ee

2 M onroe

Cass

3 Berrien

= 24 Counties w ith a confirm ed positive W NV hum an cases (total num ber of confirm ed and probable positive cases). 577 total cases, 51 fatalities (Kent Co. = 4, Lenaw ee Co. = 1, M acom b Co. = 6, New aygo Co. = 1, O akland Co. = 20, O ttaw a Co. = 3, St. C lair Co. = 1, and W ayne Co. = 15) .

Positive Equine W NV Counties 2002 Last Updated 5 Feb 2003

Kew eenaw

Baraga

Iron

Houghton

1

O ntonagon

1

G ogebic

M arquette

D ickinson

M enom inee

Alger

Delta

Schoolcraft

Luce

Chippew a

M ackinac

1

Em m et

2

Alpena

Cheboygen Presque Isle

O tsego

Charlevoix

Antrim

Leelanau

M ontm orency

Kalkaska

Craw ford

O scoda

Alcona

Benzie

G rand Traverse

Roscom m on M issaukee

1

W exford M anistee

O sceola

Lake

1 M ason

2

Iosco O gem aw

1 Clare

2 G ladw in

Isabella

4

M ecosta

2 New aygo

13

O ceana

Arenac

M idland

Bay

5

Huron

5

M uskegon

3 M ontcalm

4

Sanilac

3 Tuscola

8 Saginaw

1 G ratiot

4 Kent

28 Ionia

7 Clinton

9 Shiaw assee

2

G enesee

5

Lapeer

6 St. Clair

9

Eaton

9 O akland

10

M acom b

3 Barry

7 Allegan

40

O ttaw a

27

Ingham

10 Livingston

2 Van Buren

11 Kalam azoo

15

Calhoun

6 Jackson

8 W ashtenaw

6

W ayne

7

St. Joseph

7 Branch

5 Hillsdale

6 Lenaw ee

6 M onroe

8 Cass

7 Berrien

4

= Counties with a positive W NV horse or other equine species (num ber of po sitive cases) Please Note: Locations have not been verified for all of the equine cases and therefore 7 cases are not show n on the m ap. The total num ber of positive cases is 341.

Date of Onsetfrequency week of onsetfrequency6-Aug 1 8/4-8/10 1

8/14/2002 1 8/11-8/17 38/15/2002 1 8/18-8/24 118/16/2002 1 8/25-8/31 198/19/2002 1 9/1-9/7 358/20/2002 2 9/8-9/14 588/21/2002 2 9/15-9/21 588/23/2002 2 9/22-9/28 328/24/2002 4 9/29-10/5 338/25/2002 2 10/6-10/12 168/26/2002 1 10/13-10/19 128/27/2002 1 10/20-10/26 48/28/2002 1 10/27-11/2 38/29/2002 38/30/2002 88/31/2002 29/1/2002 59/2/2002 29/3/2002 109/4/2002 49/5/2002 49/6/2002 29/7/2002 89/8/2002 29/9/2002 12

9/10/2002 79/11/2002 99/12/2002 109/13/2002 109/14/2002 89/15/2002 89/16/2002 109/17/2002 79/18/2002 99/19/2002 79/20/2002 129/21/2002 59/22/2002 29/23/2002 49/24/2002 29/25/2002 59/26/2002 69/27/2002 69/28/2002 79/29/2002 29/30/2002 410/1/2002 10

West Nile Virus onset in 2002

13

11

19

35

58 58

32 33

1612

4 3

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

frequency

Michigan 2002 Equine WNV cases:

Morbidity/Mortality Stats… Mortality reports

available on 310 of 341 total cases.

179 recovered (63%)

85 euthanized (30%)

20 deaths (7%) 0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

M/M.

Total Cases

Records

avail.

Recovered

Euthanized

Died

Michigan 2002 Equine WNV cases:

Vaccination Stats… Vaccination history

available on 310 of 341 total cases.

272 not vacc. (88%)

25 improperly vacc. (8%)

13 vaccinated (4%)0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

Vaccinated

Total Cases

Records avail.

Not Vacc.

Improper Vacc.

Vacc.

Michigan 2002 Equine WNV cases:

No statistical difference in sickness and/or death based on age, breed or gender.

Unknown denominators: Vaccine saturation of State/National herd Sub-clinical infection level Naturally acquired immunity

WNV: This year (2003)...

Surveillance Crows, Blue Jays by zipcode Dead bird sightings Mosquitoes Horses

Live: tested by pvt. veterinariansDead: tested by MDA

Dogs Other animals

WNV: This year and Next (years)... Immunity?

Naturally acquiredbirdshumansHorses

Artificially acquiredEquine vaccine

• fully licensed as of 6 Feb. 2003• Dosing recommendations…

Similar to EEE, SLE? Other animals?

Dogs...

For further information:

www.michigan.gov/mda

www.michigan.gov/mdch

After 1 April 2003… www.michigan.gov/westnilevirus

Others…