WE&RF’s Activities to Advance Potable Reuse

2017 NWRI Clarke Prize Conference:Research and Innovations in Urban Water SustainabilityIrvine, CA

Jeff MosherWater Environment & Reuse FoundationOctober 20, 2017

Merger of WE&RF and Water Research Foundation

Announced in October

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Overview

• About WE&RF

• DPR in California

– DPR Expert Panel

• DPR Research Initiative

– Outcomes

• Next: Advancing Potable Reuse Initiative

– $4.5M State Water Board Grant

– 6 DPR research projects

– Other potable reuse research

– Nonpotable reuse research

– WE&RF Process

• Current proposed projects

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WE&RF Research Program Issue Areas

Sustainable Integrated Water Management (SIWM)

Nutrient Removal and Resource Recovery (NUTR and NRTY)

Energy Production and Efficiency (ENER)

Intelligent Water Systems (IWS)

Receiving Water Linkages in Water Quality (LINK)

Compounds of Emerging Concern/Trace Organics (CEC)

Water Reuse and Desalination (WR&D)

DPR in California

Legislation (SB 918 and SB 322)

Modified Water Code

Finalize groundwater replenishment regulations (completed June 2014)

Develop Surface Water Augmentation regulations (Draft released)

Required an Expert Panel to evaluate the feasibility of criteria for DPR

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CA State Water Board Expert Panel

• Co-Chair: Adam Olivieri, Dr.P.H., P.E., EOA, Inc. (CA)

• Co-Chair: James Crook, Ph.D., P.E., Environmental Engineering Consultant (MA)

• Michael Anderson, Ph.D., University of California, Riverside (CA)

• Richard Bull, Ph.D., MoBull Consulting (WA)

• Dr.-Ing. Jörg Drewes, Technische Universität München (Germany)

• Charles Haas, Ph.D., Drexel University (PA)

• Walter Jakubowski, M.S., WaltJay Consulting (WA)

• Perry McCarty, Sc.D., Stanford University (CA)

• Kara Nelson, Ph.D., University of California, Berkeley (CA)

• Joan Rose, Ph.D., Michigan State University (MI)

• David Sedlak, Ph.D., University of California, Berkeley (CA)

• Tim Wade, Ph.D., U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (NC)6

Outcomes

Expert Panel Report

Advisory Group Report

www.waterboards.ca.gov/drinking_water/certlic/drinkingwater/RW_SWA_DPRexpertpanel.shtml

State Water Board released feasibility report on Dec 31, 2016:

www.waterboards.ca.gov/drinking_water/certlic/drinkingwater/rw_dpr_criteria.shtml

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State Water Board – 6 DPR Research Projects

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• Source Control and Final Water Quality Monitoring.

• Probabilistic Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment

(QMRA) for Log Removals of Pathogens.

• Monitoring Requirements in a Regulatory Permit to

Measure Pathogens.

• Feasibility of Collecting Information on Community

Outbreaks.

• Treatment Options to Provide “Averaging” of Chemical

Peaks.

• Non-Targeted Analysis for Chemical Compounds.

WE&RF DPR Research Initiative (2012-2016)

• California SB 918 (2010)

– “Feasibility of developing criteria for DPR”

– Established DPR Expert Panel

• DPR Research Initiative

– $6 million raised to the need to fill knowledge gaps

– Leveraged to $24 million

• Funded 34 projects on topics

‒ Reliability of treatment trains

‒ Microbial and chemical water quality

‒ Monitoring and operations

‒ Public engagement

• Published reports and tools available at:

www.werf.org/reuseresearch9

Framework for DPR Report

Available at: www.werf.org/reuseresearch

• Overview of the key elements that make up a DPR program, from source control to blending product water.

• Valuable resource for municipalities, utilities, and agencies seeking to implement DPR programs.

• PI: George Tchobanoglous and NWRI

• Sponsors: AWWA and WEF

• Published in 2015

DPR Framework Report Concepts:

Technical, Operational, and Management Barriers

Components of a DPR Program

Potable Reuse Research Compilation:

Synthesis of Findings (Reuse 15-01)

• Summarized and synthesized key results of 34 research projects in DPR Initiative

• Published in December 2016

• Principle Investigators:

– NWRI and George Tchobanoglous

– 1-3 authors for each chapter

Available at: www.werf.org/reuseresearch

Demonstration of reliable, redundant

treatment performance

Critical control pointsOperations,

maintenance, training/certification

Pathogens: surrogates and

credits

Pathogens: rapid/continuous

monitoringFailure and resiliency

Removal and risk of constituents of

emerging concern

Evaluation of potential DPR trains

Source control

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Synthesis of Findings (Reuse 15-01) “Chapters”

Treatment, Monitoring,

and Operations

Resilience: The ability of a

treatment train to successfully

adapt to failure

• Reuse-14-13

• Reuse-14-16

Reliability: The ability to

provide water that consistently

meets or exceeds the public

health protection

Resilience and Reliability of DPR Treatment

Reverse Osmosis fault tree highlighting primary qualitative and quantitative process failures (Reuse-14-16)

Treatment Reliability – Critical Control Points

CCPs are points in the

treatment process that

are specifically

designed to reduce,

prevent, or eliminate

a human health

hazard and for which

controls exist to

ensure the proper

performance of that

process.

Engineered Storage

Drinking Water Plant or Distribution

H2O2 UV Chlorine

Stabilization

NDMA Control

Wastewater Treatment Plant

Strainer

Acid/AntiscalantChloramine

Microfiltration Reverse Osmosis

Microorganisms

Microorganisms &

Chemicals of ConcernMicroorganisms

Microorganisms &

Chemicals of Concern

Lead/copper leaching in

distribution system

Critical Control Points in Reverse Osmosis (Reuse-13-03)

• Rapid monitoring of

contaminants provides more

time to respond to treatment

upsets

• Real-time sensors generate

large amounts of data and are

only effective if data can be

understood and acted upon in

a timely manner (Reuse-14-

01)

Potable Reuse Monitoring

Integration

from sample

pretreatment and

concentration to

sensing system

Cost-effectiveness

Activation,

Regenerations,

& Calibration

of sensing probes

High-throughput

by distribution of

miniaturized sensors

Practical Application

What is the Ideal Sensor? (Reuse-11-01)

RO + UV Achieves Removal of CECs

0

1

10

100

1,000

10,000

100,000

ng/L

RWPF Influent

RO Feed

AOP Feed

Product Water

Removal of Chemicals through DPR Processes (14-12)

Reuse-14-12 Enhanced Pathogen and Pollutant Monitoring at Big Spring, TX (Eva Steinle-Darling, Carollo)

Effective Treatment without Reverse Osmosis

• Inland operations are challenged with managing RO concentrate

• Ozone-BAC is effective for pathogens and CECs

• Gwinnett County, GA (Reuse-15-11)

• Pilot operations:

– Washoe County, NV (Reuse-15-10)

– Hampton Roads Sanitation District

– Altamonte Springs, FL

Potable Reuse Operations

Risk Management

Risk Management

Processes

Operational Risk

Assessment

Water Quality Risk

Assessment

CCPs

Critical Control

Point Selection

Critical Control

Point Management

Communication

Operating

Interfaces

Preventative and

Corrective Actions

Operator Skills and

Training

Operational

Monitoring

Validation and

Auditing

Asset Management

and Maintenance

Managing Incidents

and Emergencies

Operating

Procedures

Roles and

Responsibilities

Operations Management

Certification Programs: Most existing

certifications are general and may not be

representative of what is needed for

potable reuse

• Potable reuse certification may be an

supplement to existing frameworks

• CA/NV AWWA developing a program

Operator Training: Materials currently

being developed (Reuse-15-05)

Potable Reuse Operations Management Plan (Reuse-13-13)

Public Engagement

Building on WRRF Research

Building Blocks for effective engagement

Delivery(Reuse 09-07, 12-06, 13-02)

Context(Reuse-09-01)

Language(Reuse-07-03)

History of Public Engagement

Research and Tools

13-02 Findings and

Guide for Public Engagement

Develop the potable reuse “project story”

Develop key messages that tell the story in terms understandable to a non-technical audience.

Identify key community leaders and the groups they represent and engage, continually

Majority support IPR (62%)

Initially most oppose DPR – but support goes up with information about safety

Treatment steps alone can build support

Testing/monitoring enhances support

Where are we today?

• Strong interest in potable reuse in California (and other states)

– Groundwater augmentation

– Surface water augmentation

– And DPR!

• State Water Board DPR outcome:

– Feasible to develop criteria for DPR

• AB 574 (signed in October 2017)

– Establishes deadline for initial DPR regulations of Dec 2023

• State Water Board $4.5M grant for recycled water research

– Fund 6 DPR Research Projects

– Sponsor other potable reuse research

• Next steps….24

State Water Board – Recycled Water Research

• SWB approved $4.5 Million grant to WE&RF for recycled water research

– $3M for Potable Reuse

– $1.5M for Nonpotable Reuse

• Goal:

– Advance reuse

– Address knowledge gaps

– Assist in implementing reuse projects

• Partnership:

– SWB DWQ and DDW

– WE&RF

– Water Research Foundation

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WE&RF’s “Advancing Potable Reuse Initiative”

• Need: Leverage the SWB funding

– 6 DPR projects

– Other potable reuse needs

• Advancing Potable Reuse Initiative:

– Matching funding for potable reuse research

– Establish potable reuse as a reliable and sustainable component of integrated water management

– National in scope

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Advancing Potable Reuse Initiative - Funding

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Funding Needs Amount

1. Six DPR projects from SWRCB Expert Panel

recommendations

$2M

2. Potable reuse technical research needs (technology

validation, water quality assessment, operations, etc.)

$2+M

3. Other potable reuse research needs (e.g., guidance,

operator certification, public engagement, etc.)

$2+M

Total $6+M

State Water Board – 6 DPR Research Projects

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• Source Control and Final Water Quality Monitoring

• Probabilistic Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment

(QMRA) for Log Removals of Pathogens

• Monitoring Requirements in a Regulatory Permit to

Measure Pathogens

• Feasibility of Collecting Information on Community

Outbreaks

• Treatment Options to Provide “Averaging” of Chemical

Peaks

• Non-Targeted Analysis for Chemical Compounds

DPR Research Projects:

Proposed Approach

• WE&RF Staff:

– Grant Manager

– Project Managers (for each project)

– Science Officer

• Other Elements:

– Coordinating Committee

– Technical Working Groups (TWGs)

– Project Advisory Committees (PACs)

– DDW Technical Liaisons

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Advancing Potable Reuse Initiative – Research Needs

Defining research priorities for potable reuse:

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Water Reuse Issue Area Team

Purpose of Issue Area Team

• Develop a comprehensive research agenda on water reuse

• Support State Water Board recycled water grant programs

• Provide input and feedback on WE&RF’s overall research agenda on water reuse

Water Reuse Staff:

• Julie Minton (Program Director)

• Justin Mattingly

• Stefani McGregor

• Kristan VandenHeuvel

• Fidan Karimova

Active Projects

Potable Reuse

General Reuse

Industrial and Ag

Desalination

Water Reuse IAT

IAT Member Name Affiliation

Nicholas J. Ashbolt, Ph.D. University of Alberta School of Public Health

Judy Blackbeard, Ph.D. Melbourne Water (Australia)

Brian Bernados State Water Resources Control Board

Christopher Bellona, Ph.D. Colorado School of Mines

Charles Bott, Ph.D. Hampton Roads Sanitation District

Allegra da Silva, Ph.D. Stantec

Jean Debroux, Ph.D. Kennedy/Jenks Consultants

Adam Festger Trojan UV

Denise Funk Gwinnett County Dept. of Water Resources

Christopher Impellitteri, Ph.D. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Chance Lauderdale, Ph.D. HDR, Inc.

Water Reuse IAT

IAT Member Name Affiliation

Christine Owen, Ph.D. Tampa Bay Water

Brian Pecson, Ph.D. Trussell Technologies

Yuliana Porras-Mendoza Bureau of Reclamation

Channah Rock, Ph.D. University of Arizona

Andrew Salveson Carollo Engineers

Larry Schimmoller CH2M

Theresa Slifko, Ph.D. Metropolitan Water District of Southern California

Ben Stanford, Ph.D. American Water

Arun Subrumani, Ph.D. Chesapeake Energy Corporation

Claire M. Waggoner State Water Resources Control Board

Jimmy Yu, Ph.D. PepsiCo

Water Reuse IAT

• Started planning for State Water Board grant efforts

• March 1-2, 2017 at West Basin Municipal Water District in California

• Outcomes:

• Generated 19 project concepts (recommended 2 for funding)

• Provided input on the 6 DPR Research topics

2017 IAT Planning Summary

• Bioanalytical Tools

• Potable Reuse (Treatment and Operations, CEC Removal, Monitoring)

• Non-Potable Reuse (Industrial, Produced, Agricultural, etc.)

Identified Research Priorities

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Advancing Potable Reuse: First Two Projects Approved

• Understanding Wastewater Treatment Performance on Advanced

Water Treatment Processes and Finished Water Quality (Reuse-17-

05) ($300,000)

• Investigate the impact of secondary treatment on:

• Advanced water treatment (AWT) feed and finished water quality

• AWT process selection

• ASWT operations, maintenance, and performance

• AWT capital and operational costs.

• Investigate the economic and performance tradeoffs

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Advancing Potable Reuse: First Two Projects Approved

2. Evaluation of CEC Removal by Ozone/BAC Treatment (Reuse-17-04)

($300,000)

• Compile data on the removal of CECs through ozone/BAC treatment as a

function of operational parameters

• Compare CEC removal by ozone/BAC to reverse osmosis based treatment

• Gather data from multiple sites with varying water qualities and local conditions

• Develop ozone/BAC design and operational guidelines

• Define goals for bioanalytical tool toolbox for unknown and unregulated chemicals for ambient monitoring and recycled water.

Task 1

• Develop candidate list of most relevant/ready bioanalytical tool endpoints.

Task 2

• Compare, optimize and standardize water extraction protocols for chemicals of concern.

Task 3

• Optimize and standardize selected bioanalytical tools.

Task 4

• Inter-lab round robin testing.

Task 5

New Project: Bioanalytical Tools (Bioassays)

Estimated Duration: 3 years

Estimated Budget: $1,500,000+

• State Water Resources Control Board of California

• Southern California Coastal Water Research Project

• WE&RF and Water Research Foundation

• Metropolitan Water District of Southern California

• University of Arizona

• University of Florida

• University of California, Riverside

• University of California, Davis

Collaborators:

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New Project: Bioanalytical Tools (Bioassays)

Formed in 2017 to bring the utilizes together to evaluate and adopt technologies and treatment processes for potable and nonpotable reuse

Focus Group Chairs

• Mehul Patel – Orange County Water District

• Jeff Prevatt – Pima County Regional Wastewater Reclamation Department

• Focus group open to WE&RF utility subscribers

• If you are interested contact Justin Mattingly (571-699-0024 or jmattingly@werf.org)

LIFT – Water Reuse Focus Group

Staff LeadsJustin Mattinglyjmattingly@werf.orgKristan VandenHeuvelkvandenheuval@werf.orgFidan Karimovafkarimova@werf.org

$4.5M in State Water Board Grants▪ $1M Grant for DPR Research Projects – February 2018▪ $3.5M Grant:▪ Potable Reuse: RFPs for 2 projects in January 2018▪ Nonpotable Reuse: RFPs in March 2018

AB 574▪ Establishes deadline for initial DPR regulations of Dec 2023

WE&RF Water Reuse Research Program Survey▪ www.surveygizmo.com/s3/3802243/WE-RF-Reuse-Research▪ Nationwide survey of needs for potable and nonpotable reuse

Next Steps

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