LIVING CONDITIONS OF DISASTER-AFFECTED POPULATIONIN AND AFTER WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE

Main Findings of A Two-Round Survey in Wenchuan Earthquake Area

Zhao Yandong He Guangxi Ma Ying Jon Pedersen Zhang Huafeng Kristin DalenZhao Yandong, He Guangxi, Ma Ying, Jon Pedersen, Zhang Huafeng, Kristin DalenChinese Academy of Science and Technology for Development

Fafo Institute for Applied International Studies IDRC DavosIDRC. Davos2010.06.02

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汶川地震灾区居民重建恢复情况调查汶川地震灾区居民重建恢复情况调查Overview

研究设计与主要发现Overview

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Background• 2008.5.12: Wenchuan Earthquake

• July, 2008: Post-Wenchuan Earthquake Rapid Needs Assessment Surveyy, q p y– to provide an overall profile of local residents' living conditions, attitudes and policy needs

– to facilitate the making of “the Overall Planning for Post-Wenchuan Earthquake Restoration and Reconstr ction”and Reconstruction”

– the first large-scale implementation of Rapid Need Assessment in China’s disaster management

– 4526 households sampled, 3652 interviewed, with a response rate 80.7%

• July, 2009: Survey on the Restoration and Reconstruction of Residents– to monitor the process of reconstruction and restoration in the earthquake area– to facilitate the mid-term assessment of the overall planning– 5549 households sampled, 4037 interviewed, with a response rate 72.8%– a panel survey based on the first survey: 2000 households in the first survey were tracked

• Entrusted by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China, funded by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Norway

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• Conducted by CASTED and Fafo

Sampling and questionnaire

• Same sampling and questionnaire framework were employed

• Multi-stage and stratified random sampling– Two-stage sampling– 26 counties, 171 clusters (communities)– Stratified by the types of communities

o Normal communitieso Temporary settlements (camps)

• Face to face questionnaire interview– questionnaire framework from Living

Condition Surveys– basic demographic information, housing

d i f d i h l hand infrastructure, education, health, employment, agricultural production, social support and participation, social attitude, policy needs…

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汶川地震灾区居民重建恢复情况调查Main Findings

汶川地震灾区居民重建恢复情况调查1. Housing Reconstruction and Infrastructure

2. Employment and Working Condition

研究设计与主要发现p oy e t a d o g Co d t o

3. Health Condition

4. Policy Needs

5. Social Participation and Social Trust

6. Social Attitudes

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Housing reconstruction and infrastructureg

• In 2008, 41% of the households lived in temporary houses

• In 2009, this figure dropped to 10%

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• Comparing to 2008 coverage of electricity tap water and flush• Comparing to 2008, coverage of electricity, tap water and flush toilet in 2009 have increased significantly

汶川地震灾区居民重建恢复情况调查汶川地震灾区居民重建恢复情况调查

研究设计与主要发现

Housing infrastructure of households in earthquake-hit areas (%)

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• Up to July, 2009, more than 60% of primary- and secondary school students were studying in permanent classrooms

汶川地震灾区居民重建恢复情况调查

students were studying in permanent classrooms

• 5% in entirely new school

汶川地震灾区居民重建恢复情况调查• 9% in partly new school

• 28% in reinforced or repaired school

研究设计与主要发现• 39% still in temporary classrooms• 39% still in temporary classrooms

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Health condition

• In 2009, 69% of residents say their general health situation is “very good” or “somewhat good”, 5 percent higher than 2008

• In 2009, indicators of mental health are slightly improved comparing to 2008

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Score on indicators measuring residents 'mental health (CHQ-12):higher score, better condition

Employment and working condition

• According to ILO’s standard, unemployment rate in both years remains low2008: overall rate is 2 1% urban rate is 4 7%– 2008: overall rate is 2.1%, urban rate is 4.7%

– 2009: overall rate slightly dropped to 1.9%, urban rate dropped to 3.6%

• However, among those currently employed, working conditions deserve improvementimprovement

• only 16% have long-term employed jobs

– 38% reported wage reducing comparing to– 38% reported wage reducing comparing tobefore earthquake

– 12% worried about possible job losing ithi t twithin next two years

– 3% worried that they might lose job due to the completion of reconstruction projects Unemployment rate in earthquake area (%)

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Policy needs

• Percentage of residents with no policy demands doubledo 2008: 7%

o 2009: 14%

• Main needs have shifted from basic survival needs to developmental ones

11Residents’ main needs for the reconstruction policy (%)

Social participation and social trust

• Percentage of residents who have participated in public activities rose significantly

– 2008: 13.8%– 2009: 43.1%

• Comparing to 2008, the level of social trust in 2009 slightly dropped, but still clearly p g , g y pp , yhigher than 2004

4.5

2 5

3

3.5

4

2004

1

1.5

2

2.52008

2009

0

0.5

家人

在周

围的

人

外地

人

外国

人

政府

社区

领导

警察

医生

国内

媒体Family Strangers government police media

Neighbour Foreigner community leader doctor

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住在

周 社 国Neighbour Foreigner community leader doctor

Social attitudes

• Satisfaction with current life remains stably high– 2008: 82% of residents are satisfied

– 2009: 80%

• People are generally confident for the future…– 61% believe their life will become better next

yearyear

– 32% foreseeing no change

– only 8% say that life will be worse

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• Satisfaction with local government is dropping– Satisfaction with the central and provincial governments remains high in both

yearsyears

– However, satisfaction with local-level governments decreased significantly

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Public satisfaction with different levels of governments:2008-2009 (%)

• Sense of social injustice and inequality is increasing– as for the allocation of relief materials, percentage of residents feel ing

unfair increased…o 2008:26%

o 2009:32%%

– 40% of residents feel that local social inequality is becoming larger than before earthquake

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汶川地震灾区居民重建恢复情况调查汶川地震灾区居民重建恢复情况调查Lessons learned

研究设计与主要发现Lessons learned

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• Chinese government has shown its high efficiency in the reconstruction in housing infrastructure as well as employmentin housing, infrastructure, as well as employment

• Local people still feel problematic in some aspects, especially in justice, equality issues local government will face more challengesequality issues… local government will face more challenges…

• Social scientists should and could play a more important role in the management of risk/natural disastermanagement of risk/natural disaster…

– reconstruction is not only material but also social…– importance of needs assessment and policy evaluations– some findings and suggestions have been incorporated into policy

making…

• The third round survey is being planned…

• International cooperation in future research is welcome

Institute

• Chinese Academy of Science and Technology for Development (CASTED)for Development (CASTED)

– a policy research institute under the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST)

– mainly conducting policy research on s&tdevelopment strategy

• Institute of Science Technology and Society• Institute of Science, Technology and Society (ISTS) is one of the institutes of CASTED

• Main research fields includesMain research fields includes…– Sociological studies on risk and disaster

– Studies on s&t communities

www.casted.org.cn

– Social environment of innovations

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Thanks

ZHAO Yandong: zhaoyd@casted.org.cn

HE Guangxi: hegx@casted org cnHE Guangxi: hegx@casted.org.cn

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