welding terminology. ansi/aws a3.0 - 94 standard welding terms and definitions
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Welding terminology
ANSI/AWS A3.0 - 94
Standard Welding Terms and Definitions
Imperative to know the difference between a ‘joint’ and a ‘weld’ and use terms properly
Standard terms must be used when dealing with weld joint and weld geometry to avoid errors in communication
Weld or Joint Geometry & Terms
Butt Corner T-Joint Lap Edge
5 Basic Joint Types
Butt Joint
A Joint between 2 members aligned approximately in the same plane
Butt Joint - Applicable Welds
Bevel-groove Flare-bevel-groove Flare-v-groove J-groove Square-groove
U-groove V-groove Edge-flange
Corner Joint
A Joint between 2 members located approximately at right angles to each other in the form of an L
Corner Joint - Applicable Welds
Fillet Bevel-groove Flare-bevel-groove Flare-v-groove J-groove Square-groove U-groove V-groove
T-Joint
A Joint between 2 members located at approximately right angles to each other in the form of a T
T Joint - Applicable Welds
Fillet Bevel-groove Flare-bevel-groove J-groove Square-groove
Lap Joint
A Joint between 2 overlapping members in parallel planes
Edge Joint
A Joint between the edges of 2 or more parallel, or nearly parallel, members
Joint Nomenclature
Joint root Groove face Root edge Root face Bevel angle Depth of bevel Groove angle
Groove radius Root opening Edge shapes
square single or double bevel single or double J round
Joint Root
The portion of the joint wher the
metals are closest to each other
Groove Face
Root Edge
Root Face
Bevel Angle
Bevel Depth
Groove Angle
Groove Radius
Root Opening
Edge Shapes
Square Single Bevel Double Bevel Single J Double J Flange Round
The above welds may be applied to one side or both sides of the joint, or in combination.
Groove Weld Types
Square Scarf V Bevel
U J Flare-V Flare-bevel
Single Groove Welds
Single SquareSingle BevelSingle VSingle JSingle USingle Flare BevelSingle Flare V
Groove Welds
Double Square Double Bevel Double V Double J Double U Double Flare Bevel Double Flare V
Welding Beads
Stringer bead : made without weaving motion
Weave bead : made with side to side oscillation
Parts Of A Weld
Toe Face Face reinforcement Root reinforcement Root surface Weld Root
Bead Back weld Backing weld Spacer Heat-Affected Zone
(HAZ)
Parts of Welds
Weld Face Weld Toe Face Reinforcement Root Reinforcement Weld Root Back Weld Backing Weld
Parts of Welds
Weld Root Leg, Face, Toe Spacer Weld Metal Heat Affected
Zone
Weld Sizes & Terms
Convex Fillet Leg, size equal Convexity Actual throat Effective throat Theoretical throat
Concave Fillet Leg Size (less than leg length) Concavity Actual, Effective throats
equal Theoretical throat
Convex Fillet Weld
Concave Fillet Weld
Joint & Root Penetration
Term used only in reference to groove welds If only Partial Penetration is intended, it is incorrect to
refer to the weld as Incomplete Joint Penetration
Incomplete Joint Penetration