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Veraison to HarVestStatewide Vineyard Crop Development Update #1

September 2, 2016Edited by Tim Martinson and Chris Gerling

Smaller berry size will mean a smaller crop. If we assume a Concord vine with 80 clusters averaging 30 berries each, 0.5 g. lower berry weight translates into 1200 less grams (2.6 lb) per vine – or about 1600 lb less fruit per acre (605 vines per acre) – about 8/10 of a ton.

But a smaller crop will probably mean higher sugar concen-tration in the berries, so they may ripen earlier. (If there are enough healthy leaves in the canopy). My gut tells me that if our current trends continue, harvest could be compressed and early.

Take a look at Alex Koeberle’s brief article (p.4) about the Concord Cover Crop workshop, hosted by the Lake Erie Re-gional Grape Extension Program yesterday. The workshop emphasized row middles, and how different seeded covers might improve soil health – particularly in heavily-cropped Concord vineyards.

Finger Lakes (Hans Walter-Peterson).The word of the year in the Finger Lakes has been drought. The lack of rainfall this year is unprecedented in the memo-ries of grape growers here in the region. The severity of the drought varies depending on location, but overall rainfall this year has been much lower than normal. June and July were especially dry, with most areas recording 1 inch of rain or less in both months. Some well-timed rains arrived during the last few weeks of August, fortunately, and hope-

Rainfall at Geneva. Cumulative rainfall at NYS Ag Experiment Station in Geneva in 1982, 2007 and 2016 (red), compared to long-term average accumulation (blue line).

Figure by Hans Walter-Peterson

Welcome to Veraison to HarvestNow in its 10th year, Veraison to Harvest is a joint project of the Lake Erie, Finger Lakes, Eastern New York, Long Island and Statewide grape extension programs and the Cornell Enology Extension program. Each week we provide basic fruit composition information from 80 (this year) vineyards across New York – along with updates from each region and features on research and extension projects across the state.

Our thanks to the New York Wine and Grape Foundation and the Lake Erie Regional Grape Program, Inc. – a group of juice and wine processors that funds projects through a vol-untary tonnage-based contribution. We couldn’t produce this newsletter or do the fruit sampling without financial support from these organizations.

-Chris Gerling and Tim Martinson, Co-editors

Around New York...Statewide (Tim Martinson)With our first full collection on Monday 29th (we did a col-lection of Minnesota cultivars on the 22nd, see table on p. 5), we got our first full picture of grape maturity across New York (see fruit composition table pp. 6-10). Although the drought has been most severe in the Finger Lakes and in a band out to Erie and Niagara county, it’s been dry almost everywhere. And ‘dry’ came early this year —at the begin-ning of June instead of mid-July as has been typical of other dry years. So how does the fruit compare?

Not much different with the possible exception of berry size. Terry Bates’ Concord measurements (p.5) are tracking about 0.5 g/berry lower than average, and our Concord samples are showing the same. Other similar cultivars (Catawba, Ca-yuga White, St Croix, Traminette, Vidal blanc, and Vignoles) are in the same ball park. Vinifera (Cab Franc, Riesling, Char-donnay) are much closer at -0.1 to -0.2 grams. The Minne-sota cultivars (Marquette, Frontenac, and La Crescent) are about average, compared to last year’s berry weight.

I see no evidence that drought is delaying soluble solids ac-cumulation – with exceptions, they seem to be running 0.5 to 1.2 °Brix ahead of last year at this time; and acids are 1-3 g lower than last year – likely a reflection of the extra heat we have gotten this season(and warmer nights?).

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fully means that we will see a little more precipitation through the ripening period to keep leaves and vines functioning through harvest. Not surprisingly, a num-ber of growers have been investing in irrigation equip-ment this year.

As a result of the lack of rain this year, vines on shal-lower soils, as well as young vineyards, have been ex-periencing significant drought stress, leading to loss of leaves and some crop in a few severe cases. It has not been unusual to see tractors pulling tanks of wa-ter through newly-planted blocks to keep young vines alive. Most mature vineyards, however, are located on deeper soils and have been able to avoid major impacts to vine health. Many of these vineyards still show some symptoms of water stress, including dried-up tendrils, reduced shoot and leaf growth and lighter color in leaves, but overall still appear fairly healthy. One of the positive benefits of the dry weather has been the very low disease pressure in vineyards up to this point, allowing many growers to cut back on the number of pesticide sprays applied this year.

Smaller berry size, another impact of this year’s drought, will also have an impact on yields this year – the question will be by how much. Weather conditions were almost ideal during fruit set earlier this year, which means more berries are being carried on clus-ters, and that may help to counterbalance the smaller berry size to some extent.

Harvest started a couple of weeks ago here, with early picking of Elvira and Aurore by Constellation Brands, and a few growers starting to pick early table grape varieties. Early wine varieties like Marquette, Geneva Red and Baco noir will probably start coming off the vines in the next week or so, depending on how fruit chemistry is shaping up, and how hungry the birds get.

Despite the stress this year’s drought has put on some of the vines (and some of the growers), there is still a lot of optimism about the quality of this year’s fruit. And if Mother Nature would help us out with a lit-tle bit more rain over the next few weeks, that would make folks feel even a bit better.

Lake Erie (Luke Haggerty)A mild winter and warm March jumpstarted a rela-tively early deacclimation process that brought many frost concerns to the Lake Erie region. Temperatures fell below freezing on April 26th causing isolated bud freeze/frost damage to parts of Cattaraugus County, Erie County and the northeastern part of Chautauqua County. The majority of the region escaped this frost event and started off the growing season with a bud break and bloom date within days of average.

For all Lake Erie grape growers, it has been an ex-tremely dry season. Most of the region has received less than ten inches of rain for the months of May, June, July, and August combined. As the growing season progresses into September, precipitation at the Port-land, New York lab is 6.8 inches below average. The dry season has resulted in a crop with great variability.

Although the hot, dry weather has put some stress on most vineyards, it has greatly reduced the number of disease infections resulting in a very clean crop. These conditions have also accelerated the ripening process, which will have area processors opening their doors early this year. It should be an interesting harvest for the Lake Erie region. .

Long Island (Alice Wise)It has been another interesting growing season on Long Island. It seems hard to believe that we were wearing sweatshirts in June due to the cool weather. By mid-June, temperatures became seasonal. Soon af-ter that began an extended period of very warm, very dry weather. Grape growers will take these conditions any day though irrigation and drought stress are chal-lenges. The birds have been persistent in the Cornell/LIHREC research vineyard. An adjacent corn experi-ment is probably not helping matters. Judging from the escalated bird interest, harvest is not far off. Casual testing of Marquette berries on August 27 revealed all were >21°Brix. Harvest will start soon with hybrids in the research vineyard and sparkling wine fruit in the industry. Recall in 2015 there was a record early har-vest of grapes for sparkling wine and white still wine. We’re looking forward to seeing what 2016 brings.

Wednesday Morning: Berry samples from throughout New York arrived at the NYS Agricultural Experiment Station’s Enology Extension Laboratory, awaiting the first round of Veraison to Harvest analyses.

Photo by Chris Gerling

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Hudson Valley and Champlain (Jim O’Connell and Anna Wallis)Champlain. The general pattern for conditions in the Champlain Valley this year has been much warmer than normal. Winter conditions were extremely mild prior to the growing season, resulting in very little cold damage to vines. Temperatures rarely dropped below 0°F, with the exception of two cold nights in February that reached nearly -20°F.

Throughout the growing season we’ve experienced extremely hot and dry conditions. Isolated storms pro-vided some rain, but it was extremely variable between locations. NEWA stations recorded accumulations ranging from 1.9” to 4.6” in July and 2.2” to 4.7” in Au-gust. Growing Degree Day (GDD) records indicate we are ahead of schedule with regard to heat accumula-tion. For the 2016 season GDD Base 50 through August 31st was approximately DD 2054-2081, as compared to the 30-yr average of 1912-1947 DD.

Brix measurements indicate fruit is ripening steadily. Due to higher than average temperatures, we are ex-pecting a slightly earlier harvest than normal. Cooler temperatures this week including highs in the 70’s and overnight lows in the mid-50’s have slowed down fruit development. But much warmer weather is expected to return next week, and maturity can be expected to advance quickly.

Hudson Valley. Warmer, mostly drier weather has settled into the Hudson Valley. While the region is ahead slightly with growing degree days compared to the past several years, growers are not anticipating an earlier harvest. Hotter weather is expected for the upcoming week and some growers are welcoming it. They hope it will help with fruit maturity in grapes like Cabernet Franc.

Growers were close to harvest on some of the early cultivars (e.g. Marquette, Foch), but are waiting for the brix levels to rise again after the recent rain fall.

Downy mildew still lingers in some parts of the Hud-son Valley and growers are working to rid their vine-yards of it. Birds, however, are proving to be a bigger challenge. Growers have commented that there is more bird pressure this year than in the past and birds have arrived sooner. Fruit quality overall looks good. There has been some reports of smaller fruit size in vineyards with no irrigation.

2015 Lake Erie Concord Update: Terry Bates

September 2, 2016. The 2016 growing season condi-tions in the Lake Erie Grape Belt was dominated by warm and dry weather. Low soil and vine water sta-tus in the middle of the season limited berry growth and we continue to measure lower than average berry weight (Concord berry curve, top, green line). The low fresh berry weight is also leading to higher than average juice soluble solids concentration (Concord brix accumulation, bottom). The 2016 fresh berry weight and juice soluble solids curves are tracking almost identical to 2005, another warm and dry grow-ing season.

Top: Concord Berry Curve, with 2016 (green) 2015 (red) and 16-year average fresh berry weight.

Bottom: Juice Soluble Solids (Brix) accumulation curve.

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Cover crops may offer a range of benefits to grape growers, and a new project led by the Lake Erie Re-gional Grape Program (LERGP) aims to investigate these benefits in area Concord vineyards.

On September 1st, the program hosted a workshop and field day at the Cornell Lake Erie Research and Extension Laboratory in Portland to educate over 70 participants on improving soil health and introduce ideas for planting cover crops in Concord vineyards. Early results from cover crop use, which is wide-spread in vegetable crops, are promising for improv-ing soil health and increasing vine health and pro-ductivity in area Concord vineyards.

“We are investigating the capabilities and benefits of cover crops such as reducing soil compaction, retain-ing moisture, weed suppression, and improving soil and vine health,” said Luke Haggerty, viticulture ex-tension specialist and workshop organizer.

The morning session featured research presentations from experts with Cornell, Penn State, and USDA-NRCS to educate growers on soil quality, cover crop selection and management, and the economics of cover crop use.

The afternoon began with a roundtable discussion from local growers who utilize different cover crop mixes. Local growers agreed on common benefits in-cluding run-off and erosion control, and especially in this drought year, moisture retention in soils.

Afterwards, participants toured the CLEREL field facilities and vineyards for a soil pit demonstration by Dr. Terry Bates, a tour of planted cover crop plots from Luke Haggerty, as well as live field equipment demonstrations from regional vendors.

The conference and research project is supported by a New York Farm Viability Institute grant.

Lake Erie Grape Program Hosts “Cover Cropping in Concord Vineyards”Alex Koeberle

Scenes from Cover Crop Workshop:(from top left) : Luke Hag-gerty explains the cover crop composition to a grower; Crimper roller, used to mow over row-middle cover crops and form mulch; Vendor showcases a no-till seeder for row middles. Below: Luke (left) & Dr. Paul Salon of USDA-NRCS (right, back to camera) demonstrate different cover crop mixes in research plots; Terry Bates, LERGP, discusses soil and vine health in this soil pit dem-onstration of Concord grape root systems.

Photos by Alex Koeberle

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Fruit Composition report - 8/22/2016

Early samples were taken from five ‘Minnesota and Swenson’ grape cultivars on August 22. We decided to sample these varieties early, because many are harvested early. Samples from 8/29 are integrated into our main table on the following page. -TEM

FrontenacRegion Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm)

Champlain Valley 8/22/2016 Willsboro 1.29 15.2 2.89 21.4 169.51000 Islands 8/22/2016 Clayton cons(LR) 1.06 15.1 2.76 22.7 2091000 Islands 8/22/2016 Clayton (cntrl) 1.01 16.4 2.79 21.0 1911000 Islands 8/22/2016 Clayton (Cantwell) 0.80 14.2 2.78 22.3 1891000 Islands 8/22/2016 Clayton -TT VSP 1.07 16.8 2.84 21.6 2261000 Islands 8/22/2016 Clayton TT Umbrella 1.13 16.7 2.8 22.3 2171000 Islands 8/22/2016 Clayton High Cordon 1.11 16.9 2.84 23.2 216

Average 8/22/2016 1.07 15.9 2.81 22.1 202Prev Sample2015 Sample 8/31/2016 1.25 16.8 2.89 20.1

Frontenac GrisRegion Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm)

Champlain Valley 8/22/2016 Willsboro 1.27 15.3 2.91 20.4 142.5Prev Sample2015 Sample 8/31/2016 1.23 19.6 2.90 19.3 142

La CrescentRegion Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm)

Champlain Valley 8/22/2016 Willsboro 1.58 16.1 2.96 20.0 59.4Finger Lakes 8/23/2016 Trumansburg 1.03 16.2 2.85 20.2 120Finger Lakes 8/23/2016 Geneva 1.02 19.0 2.89 15.3 561000 Islands 8/22/2016 Clayton 1.03 18.0 2.73 20.4 65

Average 8/23/2016 1.17 17.3 2.86 19.0 75Prev Sample2015 Sample 8/31/2015 1.26 18.9 2.95 19.3 72

MarquetteRegion Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm)

Champlain Valley 8/22/2016 Willsboro 1.48 16.6 2.93 18.7 127.6Finger Lakes 8/23/2016 Dresden-Tch/own 0.99 17.8 2.96 13.5 145Finger Lakes 8/23/2016 Dresden-Tch/3309 0.98 18.6 2.94 14.2 152Finger Lakes 8/23/2016 Geneva 1.31 17.6 2.8 18.4 144Finger Lakes 8/23/2016 Ithaca/Cornell 1.17 21.1 2.93 17.8 2001000 Islands 8/22/2016 Clayton-cons(LR) 1.01 18.2 2.84 17.7 2091000 Islands 8/22/2016 Clayton-uncons(ctrl) 1.08 18.1 2.81 19.3 2041000 Islands 8/22/2016 Clayton (Cantwell) 0.98 18.5 2.85 17.3 203

Average 8/23/2016 1.13 18.3 2.88 17.1 173Prev. Average

‘15 Sample 8/31/2015 1.26 19.1 2.98 15.0

St CroixRegion Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm)

Finger Lakes 8/23/2016 Geneva 1.33 15.2 3.08 8.5 882015 sample 8/31/2015 Geneva 1.92 17.1 3.11 11.8

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Fruit Composition report - 8/29/2016Samples reported here were collected on Monday, August 29. Where appropriate, sample data from 2014, averaged over all sites is included. Tables from 2014 are archived at http://grapesandwine.cals.cornell.edu/newsletters/veraison-harvest.This week, samples from Long Island were lost in shipping, and arrived late. Long Island values are therefore suspect, and for this reason we report them in red text. Next samples will be collected on Tuesday, September 6.

Cabernet FrancRegion Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm)

Finger Lakes 8/29/2016 E. Seneca 1.00 14.3 2.80 16.1 13Finger Lakes 8/29/2016 W. Seneca 1.10 13.9 2.82 14.3 17Finger Lakes 8/29/2016 Cayuga 1.15 14.3 2.87 13.3 58Finger Lakes 8/29/2016 Dresden 1.04 15.5 2.95 10.9 50Finger Lakes 8/29/2016 Wayne County 0.85 13.5 2.76 19.8 43Finger Lakes 8/29/2016 Geneva 1.25 15.9 3.01 7.9Finger Lakes 8/29/2016 Lansing 1.87 14.1 3.04 13.6 45

Hudson Valley 8/29/2016 HVRL Highland 1.51 14.3 3.12 12.3 100Long Island 8/29/2016 LI-05 1.90 15.4 3.31 9.5Long Island 8/29/2016 LI-09 1.36 10.2 3.23 14.8

Average 8/29/2016 1.30 14.1 2.99 13.2 47Prev. Sample‘15 Average 8/31/2015 1.39 15.3 3.00 13.5

CatawbaRegion Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm)

Finger Lakes 8/29/2016 Cayuga 2.05 12.3 2.63 22.2 40Finger Lakes 8/29/2016 Keuka 1.47 10.3 2.62 >30 28

Average 8/29/2016 1.76 11.3 2.63 22.2 34Prev Sample‘15 Sample 8/25/2014 Keuka 2.28 6.1 2.44 * 172

Cayuga WhiteRegion Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm)

Finger Lakes 8/29/2016 Keuka 2.42 13.9 2.84 12.7 112Finger Lakes 8/29/2016 Cayuga 1.76 18.3 3.16 8.3 231Finger Lakes 8/29/2016 Dresden 1.91 15.2 3.02 8.5 142Finger Lakes 8/29/2016 Ithaca 2.60 12.4 0.86 14.6 126

Average 8/29/2016 2.17 15.0 2.47 11.0 153Prev Sample‘15 Average 8/31/2015 2.73 15.7 2.97 12.6

ChardonnayRegion Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm)

Finger Lakes 8/29/2016 Cayuga 1.01 17.4 3.08 8.4 118Finger Lakes 8/29/2016 W. Seneca 1.11 17.9 3.15 7.8 59Finger Lakes 8/29/2016 Dresden 1.35 20.1 3.22 6.9 99Finger Lakes 8/29/2016 Lansing 1.28 18.7 3.36 8.1 110Long Island 8/29/2016 LI-03 1.80 16.8 3.18 11.3

Average 8/29/2016 1.31 18.2 3.20 8.5 97Prev. Sample‘15 Average 8/31/2015 1.45 16.5 3.03 12.0

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ConcordRegion Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm)

Finger Lakes 8/29/2016 Keuka 2.08 11.9 2.94 10.8 78Finger Lakes 8/29/2016 W. Canandaigua 2.42 11.2 2.87 13.3 64

Lake Erie 8/29/2016 Portland 3.10 12.9 3.03 12.7 124Lake Erie 8/29/2016 Fredonia 2.90 11.9 2.91 14.8 105Average 8/29/2016 2.63 12.0 2.94 12.9 93

Prev Sample‘15 Sample 8/31/2015 3.28 11.3 2.90 16.0

Corot NoirRegion Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm)

Finger Lakes 8/29/2016 Dresden 1.51 13.8 3.10 9.9 87Prev Sample‘15 Sample 8/31/2015 Dresden-Teaching 2.12 14.5 3.01 12.3

FrontenacRegion Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm)

Champlain Valley 8/29/2016 Willsboro 1.91 18.2 2.92 19.5 268Champlain Valley 8/29/2016 Morrisonville 1.28 19.0 2.95 19.3 101Thousand Islands 8/29/2016 Clayton-Rake/LR 1.07 18.1 2.96 19.1 316Thousand Islands 8/29/2016 Clayton-No Can Mgt 1.07 18.1 2.99 19.4 314Thousand Islands 8/29/2016 Clayton-Cantwell 0.76 14.8 2.95 19.9 283Thousand Islands 8/29/2016 Clayton-VSP 1.11 19.8 2.99 18.5 379Thousand Islands 8/29/2016 Clayton-UMB 1.10 18.7 2.98 19.1 342Thousand Islands 8/29/2016 Clayton-TWC 1.13 21.4 3.02 19.0 402

Average 8/29/2016 1.18 18.5 2.97 19.2 301Prev Sample 8/22/2016 1.07 15.9 2.81 22.1 202’15 Average 8/31/2015 1.25 16.8 2.89 20.1

Frontenac GrisRegion Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm)

Champlain Valley 8/29/2016 Willsboro 2.01 18.0 2.90 19.2 238Prev Sample 8/22/2016 Willsboro 1.27 15.3 2.91 20.4 142.5’15 Average 8/31/2015 Willsboro 1.23 19.6 2.90 19.3 142

Gruner VeltlinerRegion Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm)

Finger Lakes 8/29/2016 Dresden 1.34 17.3 3.19 6.5 66Prev Sample‘15 Sample 8/31/2015 Dresden-Teaching 1.68 17.0 3.09 7.9

La CrescentRegion Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm)

Champlain Valley 8/29/2016 Morrisonville 1.50 17.0 3.02 15.8 170Finger Lakes 8/29/2016 Geneva 1.10 21.9 3.09 13.1 45

Thousand Islands 8/29/2016 Clayton 1.03 20.4 2.91 16.2 98Champlain Valley 8/29/2016 Willsboro 2.09 19.6 2.93 17.4 69

Finger Lakes 8/29/2016 Trumansburg 1.29 18.8 3.02 16.0 153Average 8/29/2016 1.40 19.5 2.99 15.7 107

Prev. Sample 8/23/2016 1.17 17.3 2.86 19.0 75’15 Average 8/31/2015 1.26 18.9 2.95 19.3 72

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LembergerRegion Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm)

Finger Lakes 8/29/2016 Keuka 1.46 18.1 2.93 10.9 50Finger Lakes 8/29/2016 Dresden 2.06 18.6 3.10 9.4 120

Average 8/29/2016 1.76 18.4 3.02 10.1 85Prev. Average

‘15 Sample 8/31/2015 1.74 17.3 3.01 11.7

Leon MillotRegion Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm)

Champlain Valley 8/29/2016 Morrisonville 1.40 16.0 3.01 12.1 80Prev Sample

MalbecRegion Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm)

Long Island 8/29/2016 LI-06 1.97 13.8 3.23 14.3Prev Sample‘15 Sample 8/31/2015 LI-06 2.33 15.6 3.14 11.9

MarquetteRegion Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm)

Champlain Valley 8/29/2016 Willsboro 1.98 19.8 2.88 16.7 223Champlain Valley 8/29/2016 Morrisonville 1.60 19.7 2.79 16.8 237

Finger Lakes 8/29/2016 Trumansburg 1.36 19.4 2.96 14.5 179Finger Lakes 8/29/2016 Ithaca 1.22 21.4 3.04 17.0 214Finger Lakes 8/29/2016 Dresden 0.96 21.7 3.14 11.7 207Finger Lakes 8/29/2016 Dresden 0.97 20.9 3.10 11.3 191

Lake Erie 8/29/2016 Fredonia 1.36 19.3 2.96 12.4 97Thousand Islands 8/29/2016 Clayton-Rake/LR 1.00 20.4 3.00 15.4 316Thousand Islands 8/29/2016 Clayton-No Can Mgt 1.04 21.0 2.98 15.4 298Thousand Islands 8/29/2016 Clayton-Cantwell 0.99 20.9 3.08 12.8 401

Average 8/29/2016 1.25 20.5 2.99 14.4 236Prev. Average 8/23/2016 1.13 18.3 2.88 17.1 173

‘15 Sample 8/31/2015 1.26 19.1 2.98 15.0

MerlotRegion Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm)

Hudson Valley 8/29/2016 HVRL Highland 1.44 17.5 3.39 8.7 137

Long Island 8/29/2016 LI-04 1.88 15.6 3.38 7.8

Long Island 8/29/2016 LI-10 1.40 16.0 3.40 7.3

Average 8.29/2016 1.57 16.4 3.39 7.9 137Prev Sample‘15 Average 8/31/2015 1.70 16.7 3.32 8.6

NiagaraRegion Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm)Lake Erie 8/29/2016 Portland 4.10 12.8 3.02 10.0 98Average

Prev Sample‘15 Sample 8/31/2015 3.54 12.3 2.97 10.7

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NoiretRegion Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm)

Finger Lakes 8/29/2016 Wayne County 1.61 15.3 2.98 13.8 143Hudson Valley 8/29/2016 HVRL Highland 1.76 15.3 3.21 11.4 163

Average 8/29/2016 1.68 15.3 3.10 12.6 153Prev Sample‘15 Sample 8/31/2015 1.57 14.8 3.03 15.0

Pinot NoirRegion Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm)

Finger Lakes 8/29/2016 E. Seneca 1.10 17.4 3.07 10.5 107Prev Sample‘15 Sample 8/31/2015 E. Seneca 1.33 17.6 3.12 9.8

RieslingRegion Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm)

Finger Lakes 8/29/2016 E. Seneca 1.03 15.3 2.79 15.7 61Finger Lakes 8/29/2016 W. Seneca 0.88 13.8 2.76 17.7 44Finger Lakes 8/29/2016 E. Seneca 1.21 13.9 2.85 17.1 110Finger Lakes 8/29/2016 CL 90 Cayuga 0.95 15.0 2.74 16.5 54Finger Lakes 8/29/2016 Keuka 0.97 14.1 2.78 17.7 25Finger Lakes 8/29/2016 W. Seneca 0.92 14.5 2.80 17.3 47Finger Lakes 8/29/2016 W. Canandaigua 1.02 12.4 2.72 22.5 35Finger Lakes 8/29/2016 Dresden 1.11 16.3 2.82 13.7 68Finger Lakes 8/29/2016 E. Seneca 1.09 16.0 2.86 12.8 38Finger Lakes 8/29/2016 E. Seneca 0.91 16.1 2.82 15.5 39Finger Lakes 8/29/2016 E. Seneca 0.84 16.0 2.83 14.7 32Finger Lakes 8/29/2016 Wayne County 1.16 13.0 2.82 21.7 68Finger Lakes 8/29/2016 Geneva 1.36 16.1 2.98 14.0 84Finger Lakes 8/29/2016 Lansing 1.07 15.9 3.00 12.4 28

Lake Erie 8/29/2016 Portland 1.60 16.6 3.00 12.0 68Hudson Valley 8/29/2016 HVRL Highland 1.43 13.8 3.10 14.2 143

Long Island 8/29/2016 LI-01 1.05 12.9 3.16 14.9Average 8/29/2016 1.09 14.8 2.87 15.9 59

‘15 Sample 8/31/2015 1.28 14.7 2.86 17.0

Sauvignon BlancRegion Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm)

Long Island 8/29/2016 LI-02 1.04 14.5 3.31 12.9Prev Sample‘15 Sample 8/31/2015 LI-02 1.35 19.1 3.18 9.8

Seyval BlancRegion Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm)

Finger Lakes 8/29/2016 Cayuga 1.28 17.1 3.01 8.6 99Lake Erie 8/29/2016 Portland 1.62 17.1 3.02 10.0 103Average 8/29/2016 1.45 17.1 3.02 9.3 101

‘15 Sample 8/31/2015 1.63 14.9 2.98 12.1

St CroixRegion Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm)

Finger Lakes 8/29/2016 Geneva 1.37 17.3 3.30 6.7 136Prev Sample 8/23/2016 Geneva 1.33 15.2 3.08 8.5 88’15 Sample 8/31/2015 Geneva 1.92 17.1 3.11 11.8

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TraminetteRegion Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm)

Finger Lakes 8/29/2016 Keuka 1.40 13.0 2.69 20.6 103Hudson Valley 8/29/2016 HVRL Highland 1.68 15.4 3.16 12.0 175

Average 8/29/2016 1.54 14.2 2.93 16.3 139‘15 Sample 8/31/2015 1.92 14.4 2.90 19.6

Vidal BlancRegion Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm)

Finger Lakes 8/29/2016 Dresden 1.23 14.3 2.96 13.0 71Prev Sample‘15 Sample 8/25/2014 Teaching Vyd 1.76 12.5 2.78 18.6 118

VignolesRegion Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm)

Finger Lakes 8/29/2016 VSP Keuka 1.28 16.4 2.85 19.6 226Finger Lakes 8/29/2016 W. Seneca 1.16 18.7 2.94 13.6 157

Average 8/29/2016 1.22 17.6 2.90 16.6 191‘15 Sample 8/31/2015 1.60 15.8 2.91 19.9

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This newsletter was made possible with support from the New York Wine and Grape Foundation, the Lake Erie Regional Grape Program, Inc. and the New York State Agricultural

Experiment Station at Cornell University..

Veraison to Harvest is a joint publication of:

Cornell Enology Extension Program

Statewide Viticulture Extension Program

Long Island Grape Program

Finger Lakes Grape Program

Lake Erie Regional Grape Program

Eastern New York Regional Horticulture Program

Copyright 2016 © Cornell University

The information, including any advice or recommendations, con-tained herein is based upon the research and experience of Cornell Cooperative Extension personnel. While this information constitutes the best judgement/opinion of such personnel at the time issued, neither Cornell Cooperative Extension nor any representative thereof makes any representation or warrantee, express or implied, of any particular result or application of such information, or re-garding any product. Users of any product are encouraged to read and follow product-labeling instructions and check with the manu-facturer or supplier for updated information. Nothing contained in this information should be interpreted as an endorsement expressed or implied of any particular product.

Cluster Shots at Cornell’s Lansing Orchard

Photos by Tim Martinson

August 29 at Cornell’s Lansing Vineyard. Cornell maintains teaching vineyards in Lansing and Ithaca, NY for student use in viticulture and winemaking courses. (From left to right) This is what typical clusters of Chardonnay, Riesling, Lemberger, Cabernet franc, and Concord looked like on Monday, August 29.

Photo by Justine Vanden Heuvel