Sally M. Benson Director, Global Climate and Energy Project

Stanford University

OCTOBER 10, 2012

GLOBAL CHALLENGES – GLOBAL SOLUTIONS – GLOBAL OPPORTUNITIES

GCEP RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM 2012 | STANFORD, CA

GLOBAL CLIMATE AND

ENERGY PROJECT

STANFORD UNIVERSITY

Welcome to the 9th Annual

Global Climate and Energy

Project Symposium

Sally Benson,

GCEP Director

October 8, 2013

GCEP: A Grand Vision for Industry-Academia Partnership

Source: Global Energy Assessment, 2012

2.5 Billion People Use Biomass for Cooking

Billions of People Lack Access

to Modern Cooking Fuels

Proportion of Population Using Biomass for Cooking

Source: Global Energy Assessment, 2012

Proportion of Population Without Access to Electricity

1.5 Billion People Lack Access to Electricity

Billions of People Lack

Access to Electricity

Designing a Sustainable

Energy System

Wher

How can we provide for these needs without

damaging the planetary support systems we rely on?

Clean air – Stable climate – Healthy ecosystems – Clean water

2 X Current Energy Use

Global Climate and Energy Project Goals

• Discovering new scientific concepts for

clean energy – lead generation

• Developing breakthrough energy

technologies – proof of concept

• Educating future energy thought leaders

and research workforce – capacity

building

….to enable affordable, safe, secure and

clean energy for everyone –making the

world a better place

The 9th Annual GCEP Symposium

• A unique forum for engaging in informed discussion of the latest issues

and trends in the energy arena:

Stage setting plenary talks

In-depth panel discussions of energy issues

Presentation of cutting-edge academic research

Opportunities for learning about broad energy areas

Interactions with leading energy research practitioners

2013 GCEP Highlights

Soils

India Workshop

with Reliance

Industries and

Foundation

Negative

Emissions

Workshop and

New Awards

New Research

Awards

GCEP Trip to India Purpose

• Examine opportunities for GCEP to support

energy research aimed at meeting

Developing World needs

• Explore possibility for GCEP collaboration

with academia and industry in India

Schedule

• May 13-14 - Field Trip to Villages, Nagpur-

Seoni

• May 15-16 – Workshop on Game Changing

Technologies, Mumbai

Panel discussion will cover this in detail tomorrow

Opportunities for GCEP with A Focus

the Developing World

• Urgent need for innovation:

Distributed electricity generation

and energy storage

Clean cooking fuels

• Critical success factors:

Extremely affordability

Accessibility to all

Simple operation and

maintenance

Direct provision of services

New Research Identified by GCEP in 2013

- Energy Supply with Net Negative Emissions

Soils

New Research Identified by GCEP in 2013

- Energy Supply with Net Negative Emissions

• Negative emissions 101

Wednesday afternoon

• GCEP will soon announce

new awards:

Optimization of biomass

for transportations fuels

with CCS and soil carbon

sequestration

Biomass pyrolysis for

transportation fuel

production with biochar

byproducts for soil quality

improvement

http://gcep.stanford.edu/events/work

shops_negemissions2012.html

NEW RESEARCH INITIATED BY GCEP IN 2013 Durable High Performance Batteries

Photoelectrochemically

Rechargeable Zn-Air Batteries Hongjie Dai

High-Energy- Density Lithium Ion

Battery using Self-Healing Polymers Zhenan Bao, Yi Cui, Mike Toney

Challenge

• Extending cycle life of

batteries by minimizing

material degradation is

critical to their effective

use as energy storage

systems

Approach

• Create very durable

battery electrodes by

combining high-

capacity, active

materials with polymers

containing dynamic

reversible hydrogen

bonds that can self-

heal

• Zn-air batteries can have high energy

densities – but round trip efficiencies are low

and making rechargeable batteries is difficult

Approach

• Design photo-electrochemically rechargeable

Zn-air batteries with improved energy and

power density, energy efficiency and cycle life

through use of novel nanocarbon-inorganic

hybrid materials and stable semiconductor

photoanodes

Output

• Zn-air batteries that could be used in rooftop

and grid storage applications and recharged

under solar illumination

Challenge

• Affordable, safe, high-

energy density

batteries for energy

storage systems are

still elusive.

Output

• Potential for high-energy, low-cost lithium

batteries with long cycle life.

NEW RESEARCH INITIATED BY GCEP IN 2013 Achieving High Efficiency and Low cost Solar

Photovoltaics Light Trapping in High-efficiency

Low-cost Si Solar Cells Mark Brongersma, Albert Polman,Harry Atwater

Challenge

• Solar cell efficiencies are often limited by

their ability to absorb and convert light energy

from across the whole solar spectrum

Approach

• Plan to use light trapping techniques through

sub-wavelength design of dielectric and

semiconducting nanostructures to create a

thin film crystalline Si cell that can capture a

high fraction of incoming solar light

Output

• Will enable solar cells with both high

efficiencies and low material requirements

Novel Inorganic-organic Perovskites

for Solution Processable PVs Mike McGehee, Hema Karunadasa

Challenge

• Need for cheap, highly efficient solar cells

that are easy to manufacture

Approach

• Will develop novel organic-inorganic

perovskites for potential use as a top cell for

hybrid tandem photovoltaics and then test

and characterize cell performance

Output

• Could produce low cost multijunction solar

cells that are over 25% efficient at large scale

by printing on top of conventional silicon or

CIGS solar cells

NEW RESEARCH INITIATED BY GCEP IN 2013 Renewable Fuel Production

Maximizing Solar-to-Fuel

Conversion Efficiency in Oxide

Photo-electrochemical Cells Will Chueh, Nick Melosh

Catalysts for Electrochemical

Conversion of CO2 and CO to Fuels Tom Jaramillo, Jens Nørskov,Anders Nilsson

.

Challenge

• Processes for the sustainable generation of

fuels from CO2 offer critical pathways for

reducing GHGs

Approach

• Will examine alloys for ability to catalyze CO

and CO2 reduction reactions to hydrocarbons

and alcohols using both computational

simulations and experimental testing

Output

• Provides key technology component in

coupling renewables to fuel production

Challenge

• Current efficiencies for creation of solar fuels

through water disassociation in photo-

electrochemical cells are generally very low

Approach

• Build a solid-state solar energy conversion

device in which a wide band‐gap mixed ion

and electron conducting oxide would replace

the liquid electrolyte device that operates at

an optimum temperature range of around 500

to 700C

Output

• Demonstrated principles of a more practical

device for efficient conversion of solar energy

to fuels.

• 186 Faculty Principal

Investigators

• 713 Grad Students and

Post-docs

• 40 Research Institutions

• 82 Full-Scale Research

Activities

• 35 Exploratory Studies

• 600 Peer-Reviewed

Publications

• 893 Conference

Presentations

• 39 Patent Applications

• 4 Start Up Companies

GCEP Status – October 2013

Renewables

Carbon-Based Energy

Systems

Other

Electrochemistry and Electric Grid

Hydrogen

GCEP Symposium Advanced Technologies for Affordable Low-Carbon Energy

Keynote and Plenary Speakers

• Climate Change and Our Common Future

Gro Brundtland, Vice Chair – United Nations Foundation,

Former U.N. Special Envoy on Climate Change, Former

Prime Minister of Norway

• Lessons from the Journey from Academia to

Commercial Markets

Richard Swanson, Founder and Former President and

Chief Technology Officer – SunPower, Consulting

Professor – Precourt Institute for Energy, Stanford

University

• Fireside Chat: The Tesla Story – Perspectives from

the CTO and VC

JB Straubel, Co-Founder and Chief Technology Officer –

Tesla Motors

Ira Ehrenpreis, General Partner – Technology Partners

GCEP Symposium Advanced Technologies for Affordable Low-Carbon Energy

Keynote and Plenary Speakers

• India’s Low Carbon Strategy for Inclusive Growth

Kirit Parikh, Former Member – Planning Commission of

India, Chairman – Integrated Research and Action for

Development

• Increasing Prosperity in Rural India Through

Sustainable Agriculture and Energy Services - Moderator: Sally Benson

Jagannatha Kumar, Head of Reliance Foundation

Banny Banerjee, Mechanical Engineering, Design –

Stanford University

Bruce Clemens, Materials Science and Engineering –

Stanford University

Mark Thurber, Program on Energy and Sustainable

Development – Stanford University

GCEP Symposium

GCEP Research – Technical

Presentations

• Carbon-Based Energy Systems – Moderator:

Lynn Orr

Chris Edwards, Gary Mavko, Jen Wilcox

• Solar Energy – Moderator: Mark Brongersma

Harold Hwang, Jim Harris, Mike McGehee

• Bioenergy – Moderator: John Ralph

Dave Lobell, Jim Swartz, Alfred Spormann

• Advanced Energy Transformations and

Storage – Moderator: Yi Cui

Allen Bard, Chris Chidsey, Dan Stack

Learn about the latest technology innovations in clean

energy research from GCEP principal investigators

Advanced Technologies for Affordable Low-Carbon Energy

GCEP Symposium

Energy Tutorials

• Energy Systems Integration 101

Mark O’Malley, Director – Electricity Research

Centre, University of College Dublin

• Future Personal Mobility 101

Sven Beiker, Executive Director – Center for

Automotive Research at Stanford

• Nuclear Energy 101

Burt Richter, Nobel Laureate – Physics, Director

Emeritus SLAC

• Negative Emissions 101

Chris Field, Founding Director – Department of

Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution

Jennifer Milne, GCEP Energy Assessment Analyst

– Stanford University

Gain a basic understanding of key technical areas in energy from leading experts

Advanced Technologies for Affordable Low-Carbon Energy

GCEP Symposium

Student Events

• GCEP 2013 Distinguished Student Lecturers

Mauro Pasta, Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford

University

Andrew Scheuermann, Materials Science and Engineering,

Stanford University

Joey Nelson, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Stanford

University

• Poster Session and Reception

Advanced Energy Transformations and Storage

Bioenergy

Carbon-Based Energy Systems

Solar Energy

• GCEP Sponsor/Student Networking Lunch

• GCEP Student Social

Interact directly with GCEP energy researchers

Advanced Technologies for Affordable Low-Carbon Energy

Sally M. Benson Director, Global Climate and Energy Project

Stanford University

OCTOBER 10, 2012

GLOBAL CHALLENGES – GLOBAL SOLUTIONS – GLOBAL OPPORTUNITIES

GCEP RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM 2012 | STANFORD, CA

Welcome to the 9th

Annual Global Climate

and Energy Project

Symposium