welcome to precipitation, evaporation, and transpiration are all part of the water cycle....
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WELCOME TOWELCOME TO
PPrecipitation, evaporation, recipitation, evaporation, andand transpirationtranspiration are all part of are all part of the the water water cycle.cycle.
A complex process that not only gives A complex process that not only gives us water to drink, fish to eat, but also us water to drink, fish to eat, but also weather patterns that help grow our weather patterns that help grow our crops. crops.
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The Life Cycle of WaterThe Life Cycle of Water
More technically called the hydrologic cycle, it is More technically called the hydrologic cycle, it is the never-ending, worldwide process of water the never-ending, worldwide process of water circulation from clouds to land, to the ocean, circulation from clouds to land, to the ocean, and back to the clouds. and back to the clouds.
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Water=Life!Water=Life!
Water is an integral part of life on this planet. Water is an integral part of life on this planet. It is an odorless, tasteless, substance that It is an odorless, tasteless, substance that
covers more than three-fourths of the covers more than three-fourths of the Earth's surface. Earth's surface.
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There are There are sixsix important processes that make important processes that makeup the water cycle – Lets begin with Evaporation!up the water cycle – Lets begin with Evaporation!
Scientific ConceptsScientific Concepts
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Water Cycle - EvaporationWater Cycle - Evaporation
Evaporation is the process where a liquid, in Evaporation is the process where a liquid, in this case water, changes from its liquid state this case water, changes from its liquid state
to a gaseous state. Liquid water becomes to a gaseous state. Liquid water becomes water vapor. water vapor.
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Water Vapor in the AtmosphereWater Vapor in the Atmosphere
During the water cycle some of the water in During the water cycle some of the water in the oceans and freshwater bodies, such as the oceans and freshwater bodies, such as lakes and rivers, is warmed by the sun and lakes and rivers, is warmed by the sun and
evaporatesevaporates. .
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Which letter refers to Which letter refers to Evaporation?Evaporation?
B
A
CD
EF
G
H
Correct!Correct!
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Now we will consider Condensation!Now we will consider Condensation!
Scientific ConceptsScientific Concepts
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Water Cycle - Water Cycle - CondensationCondensation
Condensation is the opposite of Condensation is the opposite of evaporation. Condensation occurs evaporation. Condensation occurs
when a gas is changed into a liquid. when a gas is changed into a liquid. When the water droplets formed from When the water droplets formed from
condensation are very small, they condensation are very small, they remain suspended in the atmosphere. remain suspended in the atmosphere. These droplets form clouds in the sky! These droplets form clouds in the sky!
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Which letter refers to Which letter refers to Condensation?Condensation?
B
A
CD
EF
G
H
Correct!Correct!
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Now we will consider Precipitation!Now we will consider Precipitation!
Scientific ConceptsScientific Concepts
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Water Cycle - Water Cycle - PrecipitationPrecipitation
When the small droplets of water in When the small droplets of water in clouds form larger droplets, clouds form larger droplets,
precipitation occurs. Then raindrops precipitation occurs. Then raindrops fall to Earth. As a result of fall to Earth. As a result of
evaporation, condensation and evaporation, condensation and precipitation, water travels from the precipitation, water travels from the
surface of the Earth goes into the surface of the Earth goes into the atmosphere, and returns to Earth atmosphere, and returns to Earth
again.again. Click Me
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Which letter refers to Which letter refers to Precipitation?Precipitation?
B
A
CD
EF
G
H
Correct!Correct!
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Now we will consider Surface Runoff!Now we will consider Surface Runoff!
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Water Cycle – Surface Water Cycle – Surface RunoffRunoff
Much of the water that returns to Earth as Much of the water that returns to Earth as precipitation runs off the surface of the land precipitation runs off the surface of the land
and flows into rivers, and lakes. and flows into rivers, and lakes.
Eventually the water flows into the ocean. Eventually the water flows into the ocean.
Surface runoff is an important part of the water Surface runoff is an important part of the water cycle because much of the water returns to cycle because much of the water returns to
the oceans, where evaporation occurs.the oceans, where evaporation occurs.
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Which letter refers to Which letter refers to Surface Runoff?Surface Runoff?
B
A
CD
EF
G
H
Correct!Correct!
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Now we will considerNow we will considerSubsurface Runoff or Infiltration!Subsurface Runoff or Infiltration!
Scientific ConceptsScientific Concepts
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Water Cycle - InfiltrationWater Cycle - Infiltration
Infiltration is when rain water Infiltration is when rain water soaks into the ground. Some water soaks into the ground. Some water returns to the surface at springs or returns to the surface at springs or in low spot. However, some of the in low spot. However, some of the water remains underground and is water remains underground and is
called groundwater. called groundwater.
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Which letter refers to Which letter refers to Infiltration?Infiltration?
B
A
CD
EF
G
H
Correct!Correct!
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Lastly we will considerLastly we will considerTranspiration!Transpiration!
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Water Cycle – Water Cycle – TranspirationTranspiration
This final process is important in the water This final process is important in the water cycle. As plants absorb water from the soil, cycle. As plants absorb water from the soil, the water moves from the roots through the the water moves from the roots through the
stems to the leaves. Once the water stems to the leaves. Once the water reaches the leaves, some of it evaporates, reaches the leaves, some of it evaporates, adding to the amount of water vapor in the adding to the amount of water vapor in the air. This process of evaporation through air. This process of evaporation through
plant leaves is called transpiration.plant leaves is called transpiration. Click Me
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Which letter refers toWhich letter refers toTranspiration?Transpiration?
B
A
CD
EF
G
H
Correct!Correct!
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GREAT JOB! GREAT JOB! YOU ARE ON FIRE!YOU ARE ON FIRE!
Here is a tough one! Do you remember the only Here is a tough one! Do you remember the only other concept that we have not covered?other concept that we have not covered?
Hint: It’s actually NOT a process but a “stop” for Hint: It’s actually NOT a process but a “stop” for water in the cycle where it collects… is it:water in the cycle where it collects… is it:
A) Evaporation B) Condensation C) Accumulation D)TranspirationA) Evaporation B) Condensation C) Accumulation D)Transpiration
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There are There are sixsix important processes that make important processes that makeup the water cycleup the water cycle
Scientific ConceptsScientific Concepts
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CLOUD FORMATION:CLOUD FORMATION:You are about to learn moreYou are about to learn more
about how clouds form about how clouds form
and produce rain!!and produce rain!!
Are you a bit cloudy on this topic?Then go here…
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Let’s review theLet’s review theWater Cycle!Water Cycle!
WWater is constantly being cycled between the ater is constantly being cycled between the atmosphere, the ocean and land. This cycling is a atmosphere, the ocean and land. This cycling is a very important process that helps sustain life on very important process that helps sustain life on Earth. Earth.
As the water evaporates, vapors rise and condense into As the water evaporates, vapors rise and condense into clouds. The clouds move over the land, and precipitation clouds. The clouds move over the land, and precipitation falls in the form of rain, ice or snow. The water fills streams falls in the form of rain, ice or snow. The water fills streams and rivers, and eventually flows back into the oceans where and rivers, and eventually flows back into the oceans where evaporation starts the process anew.evaporation starts the process anew.
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The Water Cycle!The Water Cycle!
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Water's state (solid, liquid or gas) is determined mostly by temperature. Although water
continuously changes states from solid to liquid to gas, the amount of water on Earth remains constant. There is as much water now as there
was hundreds of millions of years ago.
Cloud FormationCloud Formation
PPrecipitation is one key to the water recipitation is one key to the water cycle. cycle.
Rain comes from clouds, but where do Rain comes from clouds, but where do clouds come from? clouds come from?
Through the process of evaporation Through the process of evaporation and transpiration, water moves into and transpiration, water moves into the atmosphere. Eventually, water the atmosphere. Eventually, water returns to Earth as precipitation. returns to Earth as precipitation.
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Where are Clouds Found?Where are Clouds Found?
All clouds contain water vapors. You All clouds contain water vapors. You rarely ever see clouds in the desert rarely ever see clouds in the desert because there is very little water to because there is very little water to evaporate and form clouds. Coastal evaporate and form clouds. Coastal
regions can receive a lot of rain regions can receive a lot of rain because they pull up moisture from because they pull up moisture from
surrounding waters.surrounding waters.
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Why do Clouds Form?Why do Clouds Form?
Cloud size are influenced by many complex Cloud size are influenced by many complex factors. These include: heat, seasons, factors. These include: heat, seasons,
mountain ranges, bodies of water, volcanic mountain ranges, bodies of water, volcanic eruptions, and even global warming.eruptions, and even global warming.
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Why are there clouds in the sky?Why are there clouds in the sky?Clouds form as warm air is forced upward, Clouds form as warm air is forced upward,
expands and cools. expands and cools. When the relative humidity reaches 100%, When the relative humidity reaches 100%,
the air is saturated. the air is saturated. Water vapor begins to condense in tiny Water vapor begins to condense in tiny
drops on particles of dust, salt and smoke in drops on particles of dust, salt and smoke in the atmosphere. the atmosphere.
These drops are so small that they can be These drops are so small that they can be suspended in the air.suspended in the air.
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What is Relative Humidity?What is Relative Humidity?
Relative humidity is a measure of the amount of Relative humidity is a measure of the amount of water vapor in the air compared to the amount water vapor in the air compared to the amount
it can hold at a given temperature.it can hold at a given temperature.
Once the RH=100% condensation occurs.Once the RH=100% condensation occurs.
Example: Air at 40Example: Air at 40 C is saturated when it C is saturated when it contains 20g of water vapor. If this parcel of contains 20g of water vapor. If this parcel of
air contains 10g of water vapor, the RH=50%air contains 10g of water vapor, the RH=50%
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Can you calculate the RH?Can you calculate the RH?
Air at 30Air at 30C is saturated whenC is saturated whenit contains 16g of water vapor.it contains 16g of water vapor.
What is the RH if the air contains What is the RH if the air contains 12g of water vapor?12g of water vapor?
A) 25% B) 50% C) 75% D) 90% E) 125%
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When do the clouds form?When do the clouds form?
Once the RH has reached 100%, additional Once the RH has reached 100%, additional water vapor will condense back to a liquid or water vapor will condense back to a liquid or
freeze, depending on the temperature. freeze, depending on the temperature.
The temperature at which air becomes The temperature at which air becomes saturated and condensation takes place is saturated and condensation takes place is
the the DEW POINTDEW POINT temperature. temperature.
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There are many funny names for clouds. There are many funny names for clouds.
Have you ever wondered why Have you ever wondered why clouds have such weird names?clouds have such weird names?
In 1802 an Englishman by the name of Luke Howard invented In 1802 an Englishman by the name of Luke Howard invented the cloud naming system that is still in use today. the cloud naming system that is still in use today.
Howard used Latin names to describe clouds. (The first part of Howard used Latin names to describe clouds. (The first part of a cloud's name describes height, the second part shape.)a cloud's name describes height, the second part shape.)
The prefixes denoting heights are: The prefixes denoting heights are: – cirrocirro, high clouds above 20,000 feet (6,250 meters), high clouds above 20,000 feet (6,250 meters)– altoalto and mid level clouds between 6,000 - 20,000 feet (1,875 - 6,250 and mid level clouds between 6,000 - 20,000 feet (1,875 - 6,250
meters). meters). – There is no prefix for low level clouds. There is no prefix for low level clouds.
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Shape and Color are ImportantShape and Color are Important
The names denoting shapes are:The names denoting shapes are: cirruscirrus mean curly or fibrous, mean curly or fibrous, stratusstratus means layered, while means layered, while
cumuluscumulus means lumpy or piled. means lumpy or piled. NimboNimbo or or nimbusnimbus is added to indicate is added to indicate that a cloud can produce precipitation that a cloud can produce precipitation These are often DARK colored clouds.These are often DARK colored clouds.
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We will studyWe will study (3) different cloud types: (3) different cloud types:
Click on the cloud type to learn more about each one!
Cumulus
Stratus
Cirrus
Click here to take the Cloud Type Quiz!
CIRRUS CLOUDSCIRRUS CLOUDS
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Cirrus are detached clouds in the form of white, delicate filaments or mostly white patches of narrow bands. These clouds have a fibrous
(hair-like) appearance, or a silky sheen, or both.
STRATUS CLOUDSSTRATUS CLOUDS
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Stratus is a generally a gray cloud layer with a fairly uniform base, which may give drizzle,
ice prisms or snow grains. When the sun is visible through the cloud,
its outline is clearly discernible.
CUMULUS CLOUDSCUMULUS CLOUDS
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These types of clouds are most often detached
clouds, generally dense and with sharp outlines.
They develop vertically in the form of rising
mounds, domes or towers, having
their bases located in the low level
stage.
The sunlit parts of these clouds
are mostly brilliant white.
Cloud Type QuizCloud Type Quiz
Using the pictures and Using the pictures and the clues provided,the clues provided,
see if you can identify see if you can identify the following clouds!the following clouds!
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Cloud Quiz #1Cloud Quiz #1
These clouds appear fibrous or
curly. They are high, thin,
white, feathery clouds containing
ice crystals
Hint: These clouds are
“CIRRIOUS-ly High!
A) CUMULUS B) CIRRUS C) STRATUS
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CIRRUS CLOUDSCIRRUS CLOUDS
Cirrus are detached clouds in the form of white, delicate filaments or mostly white patches of narrow bands. These clouds have a fibrous
(hair-like) appearance, or a silky sheen, or both.
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Correct!Correct!
You are soaring in the clouds!!You are soaring in the clouds!!
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Cloud Quiz #2Cloud Quiz #2
These clouds generally fill the sky
and are often associated with steady rainfall.
Hint: When the sun shines through
these clouds you can clearly see
their outline!
A) CUMULUS B) CIRRUS C) STRATUS
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STRATUS CLOUDSSTRATUS CLOUDS
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Stratus is a generally a gray cloud layer with a fairly uniform base, which may give drizzle,
ice prisms or snow grains. When the sun is visible through the cloud,
its outline is clearly discernible.
Correct!Correct!
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Cloud Quiz #3Cloud Quiz #3These clouds are masses of puffy
white clouds, often with flat bases. The may tower to great heights and can be
associated with both fair weather and thunderstorms.
Hint: These clouds look like
giant cotton balls!!
A) CUMULUS B) CIRRUS C) STRATUS
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CUMULUS CLOUDSCUMULUS CLOUDS
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These types of clouds are most often detached
clouds, generally dense and with sharp outlines.
They develop vertically in the form of rising
mounds, domes or towers, having
their bases located in the low level
stage.
The sunlit parts of these clouds
are mostly brilliant white.
Correct!Correct!
You are soaring in the clouds!!You are soaring in the clouds!!
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CONGRATULATIONS!!CONGRATULATIONS!!
You have completed this portion You have completed this portion
of the weather unit on of the weather unit on
CLOUD Formation and Types! CLOUD Formation and Types!
Now you are ready to learn about Now you are ready to learn about
Severe Weather and Thunderstorms!!Severe Weather and Thunderstorms!!
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