Welcome to Physics of the EarthPHYS 3070Lectures: www.rses.anu.edu.au/~hrvojeHrvoje.Tkalcic@anu.edu.au * Paul.Tregoning@anu.edu.au * Ian.Jackson@anu.edu.au Hrvoje Tkali, Fellow (Seismology) - Week 1-4Paul Tregoning, Fellow (Geodesy) - Week 5-8Ian Jackson, Professor (Rock Physics) - Week 9-12(Prof. Jackson is the course coordinator)Research School of Earth Sciences

3 lectures per week (Tue, Wed & Fri) Combined PowerPoint presentations for visual concepts + transparencies and blackboard for mathematical conceptsSeismology: 1 tutorial per week (Wed)Seismology: 1 homework assignment per week Seismology: 2 computer labs you can expect a similar load for geodesy and mineral physics/geodynamics later in the semesterguest speaker (Dr. Ted Lilley on geomagnetism and Dr. Malcolm Sambridge on geophysical inverse theory) 1/3 questions on final exam Office hours: Mon 2-3pmCOURSE SCHEDULE AND ORGANISATIONWeeks 1-4

Why on Earth are YOU here?

This course is something you always wanted to takeYou need another course to graduate and think Earth physics is easier than the main stream physicsA computer glitch at ANU registration officeJust curious

What can YOU learn?What we know and what we do not know about the EarthHow to put your physics and maths to workExpand your horizons - Earth Physics is multidisciplinary and coolThink about pursuing your PhD or MS in Earth Physics atANU Research School of Earth SciencesWhat tools can YOU use?

Read the textbooksSolve the homework problemsParticipate in the class - ask questions - come see me during office hours - be proactive- About You and Physics of the Earth -

NameHrvoje Tkali - a difficult to pronounce Croatian name, but could probably be worse :) pronunciation tip: [Hrr voaye Tkal tcheech]Education1996 University diploma in physics, speciality in geophysics from University of Zagreb, Croatia(lived in Croatia 26 yrs)2001 Ph.D. in geophysics from University of California at Berkeley, California(lived in California 10 yrs; graduated 1 year too early to get Schwarzenegers signature on my diploma)Present positionFellow in seismology, Earth Physics, RSES, ANUResearch interests Observational global seismology; studying the Earths interior with special interest in deep Earth structure - the inner and outer core, the core mantle boundary and the lowermost mantle; interpretation of seismic results in the context of understanding Earths dynamic past, present and future;Non-tectonic environment earthquakes with anomalous seismic radiation and puzzling earthquake mechanisms (e.g. volcanic earthquakes, explosions, etc.);Lithospheric structure using receiver functions, surface waves and other seismological techniques;Deployments of seismic instrumentation on Earth and planetary surfaces and improvement of spatial sampling of Earths interior by seismic body waves.- About Me -

Dr. Brian Kennett, Professor of seismology, Director of RSES Research interests summary: seismic wave propagation theory; upper mantle and whole Earth structure; inverse theory; applied seismologyDr. Malcolm Sambridge, Professor of mathematical geophysics Research interests summary: mathematical geophysics; inverse theoryDr. Nick Rawlinson, Fellow Research interests summary: wavefront propagation in complex media; seismic 3D imaging of Australian lithosphere; array processing methodsDr. Sara Pozgay, Postdoctoral Fellow Research interests summary: seismic anisotropy, subduction zonesDr. Pierre Arrocau, Postdoctoral Fellow Research interests summary: seismic noise; tomographyDr. Michelle Salmon, Postdoctoral Fellow Research interests summary: lithospheric structure, receiver functionsRSES Earth Physics - other seismology people

M. Sc. Specializing in Earth PhysicsPEAT8001 - Plate tectonics and mantle dynamicsPEAT8002 - SeismologyPEAT8004 - Current topics in geophysical fluid dynamicsPEAT8009 - Satellite orbit dynamics and the physics of the EarthPEAT8011 - Earth materialsPEAT8012 - An introduction to inverse problems in the Earth sciencesPEAT8013 - Geophysical continuum mechanicsPEAT8014 - Special topics in Earth sciencePEAT8020 - Imaging the Earth

For more information, please visit: http://www.rses.anu.edu.au/students/index.php?p=masters_programRSES Earth Physics - other courses offered

For more information about PhB program, Honours, Internships and Scholarships at RSES, (also for postgraduate opportunities), please visit:

http://www.rses.anu.edu.au/students/index.phpRSES Earth Physics - student projects

The Solid Earth - Second Edition: An introduction to Global Geophysicsby C. M. R. Fowler (Chapters 4 & 8; Appendix 1-10) - Cambridge Univ. Press

Fundamentals of Geophysicsby W. Lowrie (Chapters 1 & 3) - Cambridge University Press

Additional reading (for those who want to know more)Modern Global Seismology (intermediate level)by T. Lay and Wallace

Seismic Wavefield (advanced level)by B. L. N. KennettTextbooks and additional reading for weeks 1-4

Bolt, B. (2004) Earthquakes, Freeman & Co. (QE534.3 .B65 2004)

Shearer, P.M. (1999) Introduction to Seismology, Cambridge University Press (QE534.2 .S455 1999) - available online as a pdf

Davies, G. F. (1999) Dynamic Earth, Cambridge University Press (QE509.4 .D38 1999)

Poirier, J.P. (1991) Introduction to the Physics of the Earth's Interior, Cambridge University Press (QE509.P64 1991)

Stacey, F.D. (1992) Physics of the Earth, 3rd Edn., Brookfield Press (QC806.S65 1992)

Turcotte, D.L. & Schubert, G. (2002) Geodynamics 2nd edn, Cambridge University Press, (QE501.T83 2002)Textbooks and additional reading for the course

Grades

Reading the textbooks (selected chapters) Attend lectures (for in-class assignments, non-textbook material, turn in and pick up HW, final exam) Tutorials (weekly) Homework assignments (once per week - due on Wed, the week after)(-15 points for late HW)Required by all students:

While in lecture, please DO NOT:

Talk and have conversations

Forget to turn off cell phones

Work on homework or read newspapers

Break ANU rules/laws (e.g., cheating)Required by all students:

Required by all students:

While in the lecture, please DO:

Ask questions when anything is not clear

Engage in the discussions

Fully participate in in-class exercises

Lecture 1 - Foundations Geologic time Minerals and rocks The dynamic EarthLecture 2 - Earth as a planet in the solar system The Earth and the Moon Other terrestrial planets The Jovian (giant) planetsLecture 3 - Introduction to Seismology Planets contd. History of seismology Seismology as a tool for understanding earthquakes Seismology as a tool of measuring the Earths interiorTUTORIAL I Problems: Gravitational force, planetary motions Scalars, vectors and differential operatorsWEEK 1 - a rough guide

Lecture 4 - Geomagnetism Guest speaker on geomagnetism: Dr. Ted Lilley Elastic moduliLecture 5 - Elasticity theory Strain and stress P and S waves Elastic moduliLecture 6 - Equation of motion P and S waves Free oscillations of the Earth Ray theory Wave propagation in high frequency approximation, ray parameter

TUTORIAL II/LAB I Problems set Earthquake locationWEEK 2

Lecture 7 - Wiechert-Herglotz inversion (of time-distance curves) Travel time curvesLecture 8 - Mohoroviis inversion The nomenclature of seismic phases Travel time curvesOn the forward problem solved by Mohorovii and the discovery of MohoLecture 9 - The geophysical inverse theory Guest Speaker: Dr. Malcolm Sambridge Seismic tomographyTUTORIAL III Problems set Determination of focal mechanismsWEEK 3

Lecture 10 - Earthquake seismology Tectonic and volcanic earthquakes Seismic sources Seismic moment tensor Earthquake magnitude Focal mechanismsLecture 11 - Internal structure of the Earth I Cntd. Seismic sources, moment tensor inversion Earths structure reference models: 1D versus 3D The crust, the mantle and the discontinuitiesLecture 12 - Internal structure of the Earth II The core mantle boundary region The core and the Earths magnetic field Structure of the inner core and anisotropy hypothesis Is the differential rotation of the inner core real?TUTORIAL IV/LAB II Adams-Williamson equation and the determination of density Moment tensor inversion

WEEK 4