welcome to physics mr. hedlund mr. skluzacek 8/24 1. describe your strengths. 2. what are some...
TRANSCRIPT
Welcome to Physics Mr. Hedlund
Mr. Skluzacek
8/24• 1. Describe your strengths.
• 2. What are some things that you would like to get better at?
• 3. Create 2 goals for this semester
• 4. Describe your ideal learning environment
• Agenda –
• - Introductions
• - Syllabus
• - white boarding activity
• - Student survey
• Personality Bingo
Mr. Hedlund
Mr. S(kluzacek)
On a Notecard answer the following
1.Your first and last name (how you want to be called
2. Spell it phonetically (how it sounds)
3. Contact information (parents or guardians names and phone numbers)
4. What is something I should know about you?
• What do you think these symbols mean?
• Syllabus – main ideas
Whiteboard procedure
• Wipe off whiteboard thoroughly.
• Stack in pile front facing front, back facing back.
White-boarding (with paper)- May choose 4 or 5 of the following create a visual white boards.
Create one yourself. Introduce another person to the class
•1. Describe your hobbies
•2. Favorite book or movie
•3. Career aspirations
•4. What makes you unique?
•5. Describe your ideal learning environment
•6. What comes to mind when you think of science?
•7. What did you like or not like in previous science classes
• Student survey / personality bingo
Science process skills
• How is science different from other subjects?
• Why do scientists conduct investigations?
We can’t control Earth’s motion, but we have learned the rules by which it moves. The study of nature’s rules is what this book is about. Understanding these rules adds richness to the way we see our world.
Scientific methods are extremely effective in gaining, organizing, and applying new knowledge.The scientific method is often credited to the Italian physicist Galileo Galilei (a.) and the English philosopher Francis Bacon (b.).
1.3 Scientific Methods
• Fact – observation that has been repeatedly confirmed
• Law - describes behavior of natural world. Examples are gravity and Keeplers law and Ohms
• Hypothesis - testable statement
• Theory – well tested explanation that incorporates facts, laws and tested hypothesis (germ, plate tectonics, evolution, atomic)
8. Which of the following statements about progress today compared with progress centuries ago is true? a. Progress today is slower than it was centuries ago.b. Progress today is faster than it was centuries ago. c. Progress today is the same as it was centuries ago. d. There is no way to determine if progress today differs from
progress centuries ago.
Assessment Questions
8. Which of the following statements about progress today compared with progress centuries ago is true? a. Progress today is slower than it was centuries ago.b. Progress today is faster than it was centuries ago. c. Progress today is the same as it was centuries ago. d. There is no way to determine if progress today differs from
progress centuries ago.
Answer: B
Why do you think this is true?
Assessment Questions
Technology is a a. body of scientific knowledge.b. tool of science.c. form of science.d. solution to all of humankind’s problems.
Assessment Questions
4. When someone says, “That’s only a theory,” that person likely doesn’t know that a scientific theory is a(n) a. guess that involves a bunch of facts.b. type of hypothesis.c. vast synthesis of well-tested hypotheses and facts.d. untested explanation.
Assessment Questions
think!
Which of these is a scientific hypothesis?a. Atoms are the smallest particles of matter.b. The universe is surrounded by a second
universe, the existence of which cannot be detected by scientists.
c. Albert Einstein was the greatest physicist of the 1900s.
1.5 Scientific Hypotheses
1. Why is it important to use a common measuring system?
2. How many seconds are in a month?
Common converionsLength 1 mile = .6 km 1 mile = 5280 ft Weight 1 kg = 2.2 pounds 1 pound = 16 oz
1 pound = 454 g 1 century = 100 year
• Understand that scientists conduct investigations for a variety of reasons, including: to discover new aspects of the natural world, to explain observed phenomena, to test the conclusions of prior investigations, or to test the predictions of current theories.
8/29
• What is the difference between science and technology?
• Give an example of how scientific knowledge can grow due to advances in technology.
• Give an example of how technology can grow due to new scientific knowledge.
• What was your favorite experiment?
• What future questions do you have?
• Agenda: What is physics?
• Use data from your experiments.
2/3• Write the following in scientific
notation• A. 80,000,000• B. .00045• C. 456
• Write the following in standard form
• A. 7.504 *10^5• B. 8.32 *10^-3
Agenda
-Scientifc notation-Dimensional analysis
Scientific prefixes• 1 liter = 1000 ml
• 1 meter = 100 cm
• 1 kiloliter = 1000 liters
• 1 kilometer = 1,000 meters
• Liters = volume
• Meters = length
• Grams = mass
Use your units!Example: I step on my bathroom scale and it reads 150
150 what? 150 lb? 150 kg?
For each measurement we need units.
Do we have to define arbitrarily units for each and every physical parameter?
The answer is no. We need only define arbitrarily units for the following four parameters:
Length, Mass , Time , Electric Current
In this course we shall use the SI (systeme internationale) system of units as follows:
Parameter Unit Symbol
Length meter m
Mass kilogram kg
Time second s
Electric Current Ampere A
All other units follow from the arbitrarily defined four units listed above
Note: SI used to be called the “MKSA” system of units
(1-5)
Everyone has access to the Earth, so this new system was to be based on the size of the Earth.
The idea was to measure a part of Earth’s surface over a few degrees, then calculate distance from Equator to North Pole.
CubitsYardsMilesNautical MilesFeetHandsInchesLeaguesChainsFurlongs
A
C
B
earth
equator
The meter
1 meter AB/107
(1-6)
The standard meter
It is a bar of Platinum-Iridium kept at a constant temperature The meter is defined as the distance between the two scratch marks
(1-7)
The kilogram (kg)
It is defined as the mass equal to the mass of a cylinder made of platinum-iridium made by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures. All other standards are made as copies of this cylinder
(1-8)
N
S
earth
The second (s) The second is defined as the duration of the mean solar day divided by 86400
The mean solar day is the average time it takes the earth to complete one revolution around its axis
Where does the 86400 come from?
1 day = 24 hours 1 hour = 60 minutes 1 minute = 60 seconds Thus: 1 day 24 60 60 = 86400 s
(1-9)
International System of Units
Length meter m
Mass kilogram kg
Time second s
Electric current ampere A
Temperature Kelvin K
Amount of substance mole mol
Luminous intensity candela cd
5 Steps of Problem Solving
• Identify what you are asked.
• Write down what is given or known.
• Look for relationships between knowns and unknowns (use charts, equations).
• Rearrange the equation to solve for the unknown.
• Do the computations, cancel the units, check for reasonable answers.
Exponents
• An exponent is used to show that a number has been multiplied by itself a certain number of times.
24 =2 x 2 x 2 x 2 = 16• The number that is multiplied is called the base
and the power to which the base is raised is the exponent.
• By definition, any number raised to the power of 0 is 1.
Use of Exponents in Base 10
1,000,000 = 106 = one million
100,000 = 105 = one hundred thousand
10,000 = 104 = ten thousand
1,000 = 103 = one thousand
100 = 102 = one hundred
10= 101 = ten
1 = 100 = one
Scientific Notation
Number Coefficient Exponent
1000 1 X 103
100,000,000 1 X 108
0.0000000000000000000000602 6.02 X 10-23
Multiplication in Scientific Notation
• To multiply numbers in scientific notation, use two steps:• Multiply the coefficients together.• Add the exponents to which 10 is raised.
(2.5 x 102)(3.0 x 103) =
(2.5 x 3.0)(102+3) =
7.5 x 105
Division in Scientific Notation
• To divide numbers in scientific notation, use two steps:
1. Divide the coefficients.
2. Subtract the exponents to which 10 is raised.
(6.0 x 102)/(3.0 x 104) =
(6.0 / 3.0)(102-4) =
2.0 x 10-2 =
0.02
Addition/Subtraction in Scientific Notation
• If the numbers are the same exponent, just add or subtract the coefficients.
3.0 x 104
+ 4.5 x 104
7.5 x 104
2/4
How many seconds are in a day.
How many seconds are in a year?
Agenda : dimensional analysis
What if clothing sizes weredifferent in different cities?
• Dimensional analysis is a mathematical system using conversion factors to move from one unit of measurement to a different unit of measurement
• i.e. Unit conversion
1 μL = 10-6 L = 10-3 mL. How many microliters are in .355 liter juice can.
•Information: Dimensional Analysis
•“Dimensional Analysis” is a big scary term that doesn’t really need to be scary. It’s simple. The basis for dimensional analysis is this: if you multiply something by 1 you do not change its value! Pretty easy, eh? Here’s an example:
•Notice that the value of ½ didn’t really change because 3/3 is the same as 1. Again, in mathematics, multiplying by 1 doesn’t change the real value of anything.
Practice• How many kilometers are in .0371 m?
• How many seconds are there in 1 day?
• How many pounds are in 14.8 g ( 1 kg = 2.2 pounds ) ?
• The density of manganese is 7.21 g/cm3. What is the density of manganese expressed in units of kg/m3?
• The density of manganese is 7.21 g/cm3. What is the density of manganese expressed in units of kg/m3?
2/5
1. How many pounds are in 75.0 kg?
2. How many miles are in 2.45 ft?
3. The density of manganese is 7.21 g/cm3. What is the density of manganese expressed in units of kg/m3?
Hints: 1 mile = 5280 ft, 1 Pound = .45 kg
Agenda: tower power
Warm ups
• How many pounds are in 75.0 kg?
• How many miles are in 2.45 ft?
• Convert 459 ft/s to mi/hr
• Hints: 1 mile = 5280 ft, 1 Pound = .45 kg
1. Think back to the experiments that we did yesterday. What is physics?
Density, volume, mass
•2. ______ The amount of matter in an object
•3. ______ The amount of space something takes up
•4. ______ The amount of matter in a certain space
•Contest – how else can objects be classified
Physics is about the nature of basic things such as motion, forces, energy, matter, heat, sound, light, and the composition of atoms.
1.1 The Basic Science—Physics
2/6• What is engineering?
• What is the relationship between science and engineering?
Medtronic• Headquarters in
Fridley Minnesota
• Earl Bakken invented the pacemaker
• Inspired by Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein
What is engineering• http://www.discoverengineering.org/
• Types of engineering
• Nuclear
• Medical
• Mechanical
• Chemical
• Electrical
Engineering and design process
• 1. Identify the problem
• 2. Identify criteria and constraints
• 3. Brainstorm possible solutions
• 4. Generate ideas
• 5. Explore possibilities
• 6. Select an approach
• 7. build a model
• Refine the design
1. Which parts of the engineering and design process involve working on a team?
2. Predict how many centimeters tall you will be able to make your tower.
• Engineering design is an analytical and creative process of devising a solution to meet a need or solve a specific problem.
• 1. Engineering is a way of addressing human needs by applying science concepts and mathematical techniques to develop new products, tools, processes and systems.
• What is the density of a block that is 3*4*5 cm and weights 30 grams?
• Read the article to SI or not to SI. And answer the following questions
• What is the jist of the article?
• What are three pros and three cons of moving to the metric system?
• Notebook check: how many dates do you have from 8/28
• Due today – Tower power
• 1. Are you ready for the quiz? Why or why not
• 2. Today I turn 1,103,760,000 seconds old. • A. Put this in scientific notation• B. How old am I in years? (just show how you
would set this up)
• Density is mass / volume
• Volume is l*h*w so 3*4*5 = 12*5 = 60
• 30 grams / 60 ml = .5 gram/ml
2/9
• What procedures did you follow in designing your tower?
• What modifications did you make during the building process?
• What could you do to make your building taller?
• What are some constraints that you had?
• Create a 300 word reflection on your tower
• Discuss how you all worked as a team. What did you do what did your teammates do? Which parts of the engineering and design process did you follow. What are some modifications you had to make?
Create a paragraph response to the following question. Do you think we should move to the metric system
• Did you use any science concepts or mathamatical techniques
• 1. If 2-3 complete sentences decribe how your first few weeks of school went.
• 2. Which class are you the most nervous about?
• 3. What are two academic goals you have?
4. What are two non acadmic goals you have?
• http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=EB2369A7-FD0C-4D91-B19F-F3061CA23D85&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US
In figure 1, the gyroscope is spinning on its axis.In figure 2, a force is applied to try to rotate the spin axis.In figure 3, the gyroscope is reacting to the input force along an axis perpendicular to the input force.
Physical QuantitiesScalars
Vectors
A scalar is completely described by a number. E.g. mass (m), temperature (T), etc
A vector is completely described by :
• Its magnitude
• Its direction Example: The displacement vector magnitude = 30 paces direction = northeast
(1-19)
1/21
• What makes science different from other topics?
• Why do scientist create graphs?
How to set up your graph!
How to set up your graph!
Y Axis
(This is for your dependent variable)
How to set up your graph!
X Axis
(This is for your independent variable)
• Dependent variable – the thing that changes as a result
• Independent variable – one thing that you can change
Let’s Learn About Graphs.
There are many different types of graphs.
Let’s learn about two kinds.
1. The bar graph
2. The line graph
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How to determine scale
• Scale is determined by your highest & lowest number.
• In this case your scale would be from 2 – 22.
Favorite food
Number of Teachers
Mexican 22
Spaghetti 15
cheeseburger 11
Sushi 5
Don’t eat 2
How to determine Intervals
• The interval is decided by your scale.
• In this case your scale would be from 2 – 22 and you want the scale to fit the graph.
• The best interval would be to go by 5’s.
Favorite food
Number of Teachers
Mexican 22
Spaghetti 15
cheeseburger 11
Sushi 5
Don’t eat 2
TAILS
TT - Title
Teachers favorite food
TAILS
T - T - Title
A - Axis
Teachers’s Favorite food
Y Axis = Dependent Variable
X Axis = Independent Variable
TAILS
T – TitleT – Title
A – Axis
I – Interval
S – Scale
Teachers’s Favorite food
The amount of space between one number and the next or one type of data and the next on the graph.
The interval is just as important as the scale
Choose an interval that lets you make the graph as large as possible for your paper and data
TAILS
T – TitleT – Title
A – Axis
I – Interval
S – Scale
Teachers’s Favorite food
0
5
10
15
20
25
TAILS
T – TitleT – Title
A – Axis
I – Interval
L – Labels
S – Scale
Teachers’s Favorite food
0
5
10
15
20
25
Mexican
Spaghetti
Cheeseburger
Sushi
Don’t eat
LABEL your bars or data points
Singers
Give the bars a general label. What do those words mean?
Num
ber
of T
each
ers
Label your Y Axis. What do those numbers mean?
When to use…
• Bar graphsBar graphs• Used to show data that are not continuous.• Allows us to compare data like amounts or
frequency or categories• Allow us to make generalizations about the
data• Help us see differences in data
• Line GraphsLine Graphs• For continuous data• useful for showing trends over time