Welcome to

19 April 2023 1

WORKSHOP CONTENTWORKSHOP CONTENT

• Framing Learning Objectives

• Developing a Spray Diagram?

• Must, Should & Could Analysis?

• Structuring Principles

• Visual Aids – Use & Design

• Role of Feedback

• Factors Influencing Discussion

• Role of Questions In The Learning Process.

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DEFINITION OF `LEARNING'DEFINITION OF `LEARNING'

• `Get knowledge or skill, ability to - by study, experience or being taught'

• `Commit to memory'

• `Become aware of information, or … from

observation'

• `Receive instruction …, become informed'

Oxford English Dictionary19 April 2023 3

DEFINITION OF `TRAINING'DEFINITION OF `TRAINING'

• A planned processA planned process

• to modify attitude, knowledge or skillto modify attitude, knowledge or skill

• through learning experiencethrough learning experience

• to achieve effective performanceto achieve effective performance

• in an activity or range of activities ….in an activity or range of activities ….

• to satisfy … needs of organisation' to satisfy … needs of organisation'

Glossary of Glossary of TrainingTraining Terms Terms19 April 2023 4

BEHAVIOUR BEHAVIOUR

TRAINING

‘The systematic development of the attitude /Knowledge / skill behaviour pattern required by an individual to perform adequately a given task or job.’19 April 2023 5

BEHAVIOURBEHAVIOUR

Knowledge - knowing what and how to

do it

- facts, procedures

- standards

- working environment

Skills - having the ability to do it

- physical

- interpersonal, social

- intellectual

Attitude - willingness to do it

- to people, quality, safety

- willingness to change 19 April 2023 6

OBJECTIVEOBJECTIVE

At the end of this learning unit learners will be able to ...

know state

understand explain

appreciate describe

working knowledge demonstrate

be aware of identify19 April 202319 April 2023 77

FOUR WAYS OF LEARNING

There are at least four ways in producing

relatively permanent alternations in how we do

things:

• Being Told

• Imitation

• Trial and Error

• Thinking19 April 2023 8

PRODUCTIVETASK

REPRODUCTIVETASK

Reproductive tasks - where there is one, clearly defined procedure or method

Productive tasks - where there are alternative ways of doing the task, or where creativity is encouraged

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April 19, 2023 Training Methods 10

LECTURETraineTrainerr

TraineesTrainees19 April 2023 10

WORD PROCESSING

WPProgrammesWindows Filing

Electronic

Systems

Paper

StorageUses

Mailing

StandardLetters

LibraryBank

IncentivesWork

Changes

RolesFatigue

TrainingNeeds

SoftwareEquipment

Support

People

Scriptwriters

Keyboard Skills

Training Needs Standards

Edit Facilities

ModificationErrorCorrection

HardwareComputer

PrinterPerformance

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19 April 2023

DECIDING CONTENT –DECIDING CONTENT –EDITING SPRAY DIAGRAMEDITING SPRAY DIAGRAM

COULDCOULD

MUSTMUST

SHOULD

OBJECTIVE

12

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STRUCTURING THE CONTENTSTRUCTURING THE CONTENT

• Where a trainee is prepared for instruction

• where instruction is carried out and a trainee learns

• where instruction is consolidated and objective achieved.

BEGINNING

MIDDLE

END

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INTRODUCTIONInterest - arouse the trainee's interest in

learning

Need - explain the need for learning

Title - state the title, subject, or purpose, or

aim

Range - state how far, how deep, what aids

Objective - observable, achievable, testable.

INTRO19 April 2023 16

STRUCTURING PRINCIPLES

• Known

• Concrete

• General

• Simple

• Observation

• Unknown

• Abstract

• Particular

• Complex

• Theory

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C CONTENT

O ORDER

V VISUALS

E EYE CONTACT

R REINFORCE

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POWER OF THE SENSES

Smell 3 %

Taste 3 %

Touch 6 %

Hearing 13 %

Sight 75 %

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WE REMEMBER :

10 % of what we read

20 % of what we hear

30 % of what we see

50 % of what we see and hear

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PURPOSE OF VISUAL AIDS

• To help learning

• To clarify and simplify

• To help maintain interest

• To help emphasize key points

AVOID• Talking to them

• Reading them word for word

• Waving pointer

• Putting too many words on visual

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RULE OF SEVEN

Not More Than Seven Words In A

Line

Not More Than Seven Lines In A

Slide / Transparency

Size Of Letters 7mm19 April 2023 22

SIZE OF LETTERS – THIS IS THIRTYSIX SIZE FONT

This Is Thirty Two Size Font

This Is Twenty Eight Size Font

This Is Twenty Four Size Font

This Is Twenty Size Font

This Is Eighteen Size Font

19 April 2023 23

S - SUMMARY

L - LINK

A - ASK QUESTIONS

T - TEST UNDERSTANDING

E - EXTEND LEARNING

19 April 2023

CONSOLIDATE LEARNING

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Objective What do you want your learners to be able to DO at the end of your lecture?

Learners Range of experience?Your relationship with learners?

Learning Structuring the topicEvent Visual aids

TimingsAssessment Tests

Question and answerOpinion

STRUCTURING A Lecture

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FEEDBACK : SALIENT FEATURES

Purpose : To Help The Receiver (Learner) To Improve

Effective Feedback Must Be

Supportive

Constructive

Understandable

Well-timed

Requires Trust

Can Be Uncomfortable & Threatening19 April 2023 26

POSITIVEPOSITIVEOPINIONOPINION

POSITIVEPOSITIVEFACTSFACTS

NEGATIVENEGATIVE OPINIONOPINION

NEGATIVE NEGATIVE FACTSFACTS

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19 April 2023

RECEIVING FEEDBACK

• Be Positive to the Feedback - Value the Help Given

• Listen - Don't React

• Try to See It From the Giver's Point of View

• Clarify and Check Your Understanding

• Compare With Feedback From Others

• Ask for Detail Not Given

• Explore Options

• Decide Future Course of Action 29

30

DISCUSSIONDISCUSSION

Trainer

Trainees

31

PURPOSE OF DISCUSSION

• Share views

• Collect and generate ideas

• Obtain reactions or agreement

• Motivation

• Team building

• Quality circles

• Attitude change

April 19, 2023 Training Methods 32

TWO FACTORS INFLUENCING A DISCUSSION

Incr

easing

Effec

tiven

ess

Quality of Questions

Group Behaviour

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LEARNING QUESTIONS Questions Are Used To Promote Learning. They

Challenge Assumptions;Compare Opinions; And Generally Encourage The Development Of A Deeper Understanding.

Learning Questions Can Be Considered To Fall Into Two Broad Categories, Low Order Questions And High Order Questions.

April 19, 2023 Training Methods 34

LEARNING QUESTIONS

HIGH ORDER

Stimulate thinking Build on existing knowledgeApply ideas to new situations

LOW ORDER

Recall of informationRight or wrong answersKnown or existing situations

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TACTICAL QUESTIONS Tactical Questions Are Used When Learning Gets Limited. They May Be Necessary To:

To Bring Participants Into The Discussion;To Acknowledge The Contribution Of Others; And To Get The Discussion To Move On.

April 19, 2023 Training Methods 36

KEY QUESTIONS

• High order

• Prepared in advance

• Open

• Stimulate contributions

• Non-threatening

• Relevant to learning needs

• Related to entry behaviour19 April 2023 36

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