welcome to 14:332:376 virtual reality and 16:332:571 virtual reality technology spring 2012
DESCRIPTION
Electrical and Computer Engineering Department. Welcome to 14:332:376 Virtual Reality and 16:332:571 Virtual Reality Technology Spring 2012. Grigore C. Burdea Ph.D. Professor [email protected] Director, Tele-Rehabilitation Institute http://www.ti.rutgers.edu. Class web site: - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Welcome to14:332:376 Virtual Reality and
16:332:571 Virtual Reality TechnologySpring 2012
Grigore C. Burdea Ph.D.Professor
[email protected], Tele-Rehabilitation Institute
http://www.ti.rutgers.edu
Electrical and Computer Engineering Department
Class web site:
https://sakai.rutgers.edu/portal
Textbook site:
www.vrtechnology.org
Grading Criteria (376): Quizzes 20%,
Midterm 40%
Final 40%Attendance penalty – one letter grade lost for 4 absences. Midterm and Final are mandatory to passCheating is an automatic F. All exams and quizzes are closed books/notes/etc. Quizzes are announced.
Laboratory assignments graded separately (for 378 – co req)
TA Mr. Timothy Phan [email protected]
Grading Criteria (571):
Quizzes 10%,
Midterm 25%
Final 25%
Laboratory 40%
Attendance penalty – one letter grade lost for 4 absences.
Midterm, Final and Laboratory Term Project Mandatory to pass. Quizzes announced, Cheating results in an F.
Textbook: Burdea and Coiffet, Virtual Reality Technology, 2nd Edition, Wiley, 2003
Textbook web site: www.vrtechnology.org
Textbook web site: www.vrtechnology.org
Laboratory Hardware
Updated class notes (PowerPoint) will be posted on the webhttps://sakai.rutgers.edu/portal
Quiz and Exam Solution on Sakai
Supplemental materials, surveys, links to companies and labs on the textbook site.
Virtual Reality - Introduction
Topics
IntroductionIntroduction
What is Virtual Reality?
It is not augmented reality….
Introduction
What is Virtual Reality?
“A high-end user-computer interface that involves real-time simulation and interaction through multiple sensorial channels.” (vision, sound, touch, smell, taste)”
Introduction
http://games.yahoo.com/braingames/brain-teasers-games/phantom-square-255
Introduction
Sensorama Simulator, US Patent #3,050,870, 1962
Introduction
VR Short History
1963+ Ivan Sutherland's doctoral theses: SKETCHPAD: stereo HMD, position tracking, and a graphics engine. 1966+ Tom Furness: display systems for pilots; 1967+ Brooks developed force feedback GROPE system;
Introduction
Ivan Sutherland’s HMD
(1966+)
Introduction
Brooks’s Grope Project (1977)
VR Short History
1977 Sandin and Sayre invent a bend-sensing glove
1979 Raab et al: Polhemus tracking system
1989 Jaron Lanier (VPL) coins the term virtual reality
1994 VR Society formed
The first complete system was developed by NASA “Virtual Visual Environmental Display” (VIVED early 80s; they prototyped the LCD HMD;
Became “Virtual Interface Environment Workstation” (VIEW) 1989
IntroductionNASA … a pioneer in VR
NASA VIEW system (1992)
Introduction
Large simulation and training needs;
Could not send humans to other planets;
Relatively small budgets.
Introduction
Why NASA?
Towards Commercialization…
The first commercial VR systems appeared in the late 80s produced by VPL Co. (California):
The VPL “Data Glove” and
The VPL “Eye Phone” HMD
Introduction
The VPL DataGlove (1987) cost $8,500
Introduction
The Matel PowerGlove (1989)
Introduction
The first commercial VR glove for entertainment –
Mattel Power Glove $50 (1989)
The Flight Helmet (ca. 1990) weighs 5 lbs
Early HMDs were massive
…and had poor resolution
Virtual Reality in the early 90s….
Emergence of first commercial Toolkits:
WorldToolKit (Sense8 Co.);
VCToolkit (Division Ltd., UK);
Virtual Reality Toolkit VRT3 (Dimension Ltd./Superscape, UK);
Cyberspace Developer Kit (Autodesk)
Introduction
Introduction
Superscape VRT3 Development System
Virtual Reality in the early 90s….
Emergence of first non-commercial toolkits:
Rend386;
Later Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML 1.0);
Later still Java and Java 3D;
Introduction
Introduction
Scene created with Rend386Successor is AVRIL ("A Virtual Reality Interface Library“) C library for authoring. Created at U. Waterloo, Canadaece.uwaterloo.ca/~broehl/avril.html
Virtual Reality in the early 90s….
PC boards still very slow (7,000 – 35,000 polygons/sec);
First turnkey VR system – Provision 100 (Division Ltd.)
Emergence of faster graphics rendering architectures at UNC Chapel Hill:
“Pixel Planes”;
Later “Pixel Flow”;
Introduction
Introduction
Stride PC graphics accelerator
35,000 polygons/sec;
$26,000 (with two co-processors)/card
Require up to 6 PC slots for stereo version
Introduction
Provision 100 VR turnkey system (Division Ltd., UK)
35,000 polygons/sec;
$64,000 (including texture generator, tracker, 3-D audio, HMD and software)
Introduction
Pixel Planes 5 VR system (UNC)
~ 1 Million triangles/sec;
Rendering speed comparison SGI vs. PCs
xBox 360500 Million poly/sec
2005
Laboratory VR Station prices (2002)PRODUCT Price/user % of Budget
PC 1.7 GHz
FireGL 2 accelerator
2,347 48
Polhemus 3D tracker
4 receivers
1,823 37
5DT sensing glove
five-sensor version
482 10
Stereo Glasses wired 179 3
Force feedback Joystick 88 2
Java and Java3D - -
VRML - -
Total 4,919 100
VR Market growth
The key elements of a conventional VR System
The key elements of a modern VR System