weimar republic 1919-1933. the treaty of versailles 1918 germany 100% war guilt pay reparations 132...
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Weimar Republic 1919-1933
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The Treaty of Versailles 1918
• Germany 100% war guilt• Pay reparations 132 million marks• Lose territories-Alsace & Lorraine– Including all foreign colonies
• Limits on Military both standing army and # of ships they could manage
• Many members who would run the Weimer were present at the signing– Including Weimar President Freidrich Ebert (SPD)
• Germans were stunned at the harshness of the treaty– Many associated Weimar gov to a weak Germany
that signed this treaty anger persisted
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How The Weimar was Created
• German Kaiser Wilhelm II abdicated the throne
• Germany loses WWI to the allies a group of German Representatives signed the Armistice
• The Weimar was a Parliamentary Republic was created to replace the Monarchy in 1919– Reichstag was the legislative branch
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The creators
• Center Party(Catholics), German Democratic Party (DDP), and the SPD(Socialist) all led the creation of Weimar– From the start these parties would continue to
lose support
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Format of the Weimar
• Reichstag- was the legislative branch– Membership was based on percentage of popular vote
(19% of the vote gets 19 % of the Reichstag)• President- head of state who dealt with foreign affairs – 1918–1925 Friedrich Ebert -– 1925-1934 Paul von Hindenburg
• Chancellor- Was chosen by the president and dealt with daily running of the country
• Constitution- allowed for taking of civil rights and dictatorial power in times of crisis
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Early Opposition
• Right (DNVP) wanted old order back in place– NSDAP was a small party which gained strength-
fought for a pure German nation• Left KDP( Communist) wanted a workers
revolution– Fears of Soviet ties
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Hyperinflations• 1923 France and Belgium took over the Ruhr
valley and its mines and factories(reparation)– German workers went on strike till
• German Government printed massive amounts of money to help striking workers & ease reparations– Peoples life savings were lost as the value of the
mark plummeted– 1923 New mark is created with strict financial rules
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Period of Prosperity 1924-1929
• Stability restored• Economy prospers Germans secure loans and
business thrives– DAWES Plan- US banks agree to give German
Banks Loans• 1925 foreign forces leave Ruhr Valley• 1926 Germany is brought into the League of
Nations
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The fall of the Weimer 1930-1933• The critical event was the American Market Crash
of 1929 • This led to the Great Depression– Hurt Germans because of the Dawes Plan- No more
American loans.• International trade went down causing – Based off tariffs and taxes generated from trade this
hurt German economy
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German Gov budget Deficit• German gov could no longer fund social Programs– Increasing Budget deficit • Left- increase taxes• Right- cut social programs
– Parties in Reichstag continued to disagree leading a failed Reichstag
– This leads to Extremist parties gaining power KDP and NSDP
– violence between groups– This led to many Presidential Decrease in attempts to
keep country running• 6 million Germans Unemployed
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July 1932 Reichstag Election• Hindenburg was Re-Elected but Hitler was 2nd• NSDAP grew in following and Organization by
1930’s– Broad strategy that appealed to most “GERMANS”• Other Partied too focused • SPD, KPD- Working class Center- Catholics
• Election NSDAP won 37.2% of the vote
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Hitler takes Power• With this support Hindenburg persuaded to appoint
Hitler Chancellor in 1933– As chancellor he put immediate pressure on left and
moderate parties– Reichstag fire in 1933• Hitler blames the Communist • Election was held and 44% of Reichstag was Nazi
– Using Weimar constitution and Reichstag- laws were passed that allowed Hitler power to pass laws with out parliament or Presidential approval
– 1934 Hindenburg Dies Hitler has full Power