weimar republic 1919-1933 democratic – president, chancellor, bi- cameral legislature signed the...
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WEIMAR REPUBLICWEIMAR REPUBLIC 1919-1933 DEMOCRATIC – President, Chancellor, Bi-
Cameral Legislature Signed the Treaty of VersaillesMass unemployment, loss of resources Alsace-
Lorraine, Saar Valley, high reparations, loss of savings middle class, hyper inflation, printed money1929 WORLD DEPRESSION
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WEIMAR REPUBLICWEIMAR REPUBLIC Lost 13% of territory 6 million people 65% of iron ore reserves, 45% coal 10% of factories All colonies Reparations 38% of national wealth
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Locarno PactLocarno Pact (1925) – demilitarized Rhineland
Kellogg-Briand PactKellogg-Briand Pact (1928) – 65 nations outlawed war as an instrument of foreign policy
Dawes PlanDawes Plan – US $$$ to GermanyYoung PlanYoung Plan – further reduced reparationsA false sense of Peace?
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ECONOMIC DISTRESSECONOMIC DISTRESS – Hyper Inflation 1921-24 (1923 7,000 marks = $1 US – 1924 4,000,000,000,000 = $1 US) 1932 6 million out of workFEAR OF COMMUNISMFEAR OF COMMUNISM = 15% of total vote
election of 1930 – Industrialists supported Nazism - $, military equipment, and jobs
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NATIONALISMNATIONALISM – students, war veterans, army officers, denounce “war-guilt” clause, demanded the return of Germany’s colonies, right to rearm, perpetuate “stabbed in the back” theory, blamed Communists and Jews, not defeated but cheated by AlliesFriedrich Nietszche – Übermensch – distorted
by Nazi paty“master race”, Social Darwinian “pure Aryan”
race
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WEAKNESSES OF THE WEIMAR REPUBLICWEAKNESSES OF THE WEIMAR REPUBLIC – weak president, many political partiesLACK OF DEMOCRATIC TRADITIONLACK OF DEMOCRATIC TRADITION – history
of autocracy, Democracy = economic failure, Nazi promises of economic stability, nationalistic gloryLEADERSHIP OF HITLERLEADERSHIP OF HITLER – orator, mass
politics, propaganda, violence, suppressed opposition, organizational ability
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National Socialist German Workers Party (1919-1945)Anti-parliamentary,
democratic, capitalistic, communisticAnti-Semitic, Pan-GermanismExtreme Nationalism,
Militarism, RacismUse of ViolenceCharismatic Leader
Life, Sun, Power, Life, Sun, Power, Strength, Good Strength, Good LuckLuck
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Redistribute income and war profits Profit sharing in large
industryIncrease in old age pensionsFree education“RIGHT THE WRONG OF THE
TREATY OF VERSAILLES”
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State over the individualOne-political partyCult of personalityPropaganda over truthMass media to lie and
killSecret Police /
censorship
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1889-1945Born in Austria Artist?Volunteered for the German
Army – “dispatch runner”Karl Lueger (1844-1919)
Mayor of Vienna
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Uprising against the Weimar Republic – Communist (Spartacist)-1919, Kapp Putsch (right-wing coup) –1920Freikorps – “Free Corps” – former
senior officers of the Army – paramilitary group organized to fight the Red Army
Munich Beer Hall Putsch 1923Munich Beer Hall Putsch 1923
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Munich Beer Hall Putsch Nov. 8/9 (1923)Munich, Bavaria – take over Munich and then
Berlin and declare himself Dictator3,000 men with the assistance of General
Ludendorff16 Nazi’s and 3 police officers diedHitler – trial – 5 years treason
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Main Kampf – Four years of struggle against Lies, Stupidity, and Cowardice“My Struggle” – Rudolf Hess editedAutobiography, political ideas, use of
propagandaAryan “superior” race = “master
race”Anti-SemiticLebensraum Lebensraum – “living space” – war,
conquered territory of inferior peopleDestroy the Jewish/Marxist control of
the world
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THE GREAT DEPRESSION (1929)40% unemploymentIndustrial Production 1929-1932 fell by ½ Hitler – simple answers – complex
problems“national rebirth”“crimes” of the Treaty of Versailles
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ELECTION 1932President –Paul von Hindenburg
19,360,000Hitler – 13,400,000Reichstag – Nazi Party
230 seats, 38%
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HINDENBURG NAMES HITLER CHANCELLORJan. 1933Feb. 1933 REICHSTAG FIREREICHSTAG FIREARTICLE 48ARTICLE 48 – suspension of civil liberties
in time of national crisisMarch 1933 - THE ENABLING ACTTHE ENABLING ACT – ruled
by decree
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THE NIGHT OF THE LONG KNIVESJune 1934Purge of the SA
(Strumabteiling) “storm trooper”Leader Ernst RohmPurge carried out by the SS
(Schutzstaffel) and the Gestopo (Secret Police)
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August 1934 Hindenburg dies (age 87)Office of President and
Chancellor combinedDer Fuhrer – “leader”Third Reich – “empire”,
“nation”“One people, one Reich, one
leader”
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The Third Reich (1933-1945)Gestapo – Secret Police Heinrich HimmlerPropaganda – Joseph Goebbels BIG LIE TECHNIQUE“Nuremburg laws”Holocaust – Genocide 6 million JewsPublic Works, Economy – Full employment -
TOTAL WARTOTAL WAR
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“THE ENIGMA OF HITLER” – Dali (1939)
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