weimar and nazi germany: paper 3
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Weimar and Nazi Germany: Paper 3
• Plot 15 dates on your timeline:
Leave more space for:• 1919• 1923• 1933
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The Kaiser (German emperor) is forced to abdicate Nov. 1918
Armistice is signed by a representative of the new republic.
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January: Spartacist uprising (communist), govt. uses Freikorps to ‘put down’ the rebellion.
Weimar Constitution is established (REMEMBER: strengths and weaknesses)
June: Treaty of Versailles is signed (LAMB)
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Kapp Putsch: a right-wing attempt to seize power. Lead by Wolfgang Kapp, invited Kaiser back to rule, not what the people wanted. Kapp fled.
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French invasion of the Ruhr; marching in to seize goods as Germany had defaulted on reparations.
Hyperinflation: govt. needed money to pay its debts, printed more money. Prices rose and were quickly out of control; Germany in crisis.
Stresemann becomes Chancellor, then foreign minister.
November: Munich Putsch; Hitler and Nazi’s attempt to overthrow the govt. Unsuccessful but does help the Nazi Party in the long-run.
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Dawes Plan: American banker Charles Dawes and Stresemann plan to deal with the problem of reparations. Reduce reparations to £50 million per year. Loans from US banks.
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Hitler’s book Mein Kampf (My Struggle) is published.
Locarno Pact: Stresemann signs pact in December along with Britain, France, Italy and Belgium. Terms were agreed with Germany’s involvement; Germany accepted new border with France as outlined in T of V, 1919, Rhineland to be free of troops permanently.
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Kellogg-Briand Pact: Germany and 61 other countries signed in August. This promised that countries would not use war to achieve their aims.
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Young Plan: another economic plan agreed by Stresemann. Reparations reduced to £2 billion, Germany given more time to pay (59 years, until 1988).
Wall St Crash and start of the Depression: America’s stock exchange crashes; huge impact on Germany, loans need to be paid back.
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https://www.bbc.com/bitesize/guides/zt9v7hv/revision/1
Overview of Weimar 1919-29BBC Bitesize
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NSDAP (National Socialist German Workers’ Party/ Nazi’s) became the largest political party in the Reichstag; 230 seats in the July 1932 elections.Prior to this the Nazi’s had experienced the ‘lean years’; no mass support. 1929 was a turning point for the party.
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January: Hitler is appointed as Chancellor.
February: The Reichstag Fire.
March: The Enabling Act is passed.
April: People were asked to boycott Jewish shops, doctors and lawyers. Stars painted on shop windows by the SA.
Gestapo established.
Concordat with Catholic Church, agreement between Hitler and the Pope.
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June: Night of the Long Knives, Hitler met with Rohm and 100 other SA leaders. The SA were arrested, imprisoned and shot.
August: Hindenburg dies. Hitler announced that he is now Germany’s Fuhrer (leader) and every soldier in the army has to swear an oath of allegiance.
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https://www.bbc.com/bitesize/guides/z3bp82p/revision/1
Hitler’s rise to power, 1920-34BBC Bitesize
https://www.bbc.com/bitesize/guides/z3bp82p/revision/7
Audio of speech when Hitler becomes ChancellorBBC Bitesize
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Nuremberg Laws passed. These increased the persecution of Jews:‘Only those of German blood are citizens’, ‘Jews cannot marry German citizens’, ‘Jews cannot have a German passport’.
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Berlin Olympics: used as propaganda to show Nazi Germany in a good light. Stadium covered in swastikas, the games were filmed and used as propaganda.
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Kristallnacht (Night of Broken Glass): attacks on Jewish people and property. On the night of 9th/10th
November gangs smashed and burned property, some wore Nazi uniforms others wore plain clothes. About 100 Jews were killed and hundreds of properties damaged.
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https://www.bbc.com/bitesize/guides/zsvhk7h/revision/3
Nazi use of propagandaBBC Bitesize
https://www.bbc.com/bitesize/guides/zqrfj6f/revision/1
Women and youthBBC Bitesize
https://www.bbc.com/bitesize/guides/zqrfj6f/revision/3
Employment and living standardsBBC Bitesize