week2 phonetics 2

8/14/2019 Week2 Phonetics 2

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Ling170D:Ling170D: Phonetics Part 2Phonetics Part 2

How we use the meat in our heads to produce

.

,

Multiple choice: Correctly match consonants and

vowels in common American En lish words with

descriptions of place and manner of articulation.

Review from 4:00 to 4:45


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Ling170D: PhoneticsLing170D: Phonetics

THEBIGCONCEPTS

yourheadalldayeveryday

Unlearningthe

spelling

instinct:

DecouplingthesoundsofEnglishfromtheirwrittenrepresentations

transcription:theInternationalPhoneticAlphabet

Today:BasicConsonantSounds.Thursday:BasicVowelSounds


3/21

Ling170D: PhoneticsLing170D: Phoneticsn earn ngt espe ng nst nct:

Englishspellingdoesnotreflectdifferencesbetween

environments.Thinkofthesoundindicatedbyin

take vs.steak.

Englishspellinghasnowayofconsistently

representingnonEnglishsounds,e.g.clicks,uvulars,

p aryngea s,g otta zat on,

etc.

etc.


4/21


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StoporPlosive:Oralandnasalcavitiesarecompletely

.

untilthe

stop/plosive

is

released

poorboretore doorcoregore

Fricative:

Twopartsintheoralcavityarebrought

closeenough

together

to

create

ofthelungs,creatingwhitenoise.

fourThorsorehair

Nasa :Themouthiscompletelyclosedoffbut

thevelumislowered,allowingairto

comeoutthrou hthenose.

Voicing:Thevocalchordsarebroughttogether

closelyenoughtostartvibratingagainst

merenear hangeachother,creatingabuzzingsound.

poorbore swift swivel


6/21

We need an alphabet

that

sound in any language, includingany possible sound we might not

yet have encountered

Allows a one-to-one relationship

between symbols and sounds

not one-to-many, many-to-one,.

Well be taking a tour through this

vast inventory, concentrating on the

.

From now on, well represent

phonetic symbols in [square

brackets] and spelled words in

or in italics.


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Feeling Out the Points and MannersFeeling Out the Points and Manners

of Articulation: English Soundsof Articulation: English Sounds

hangwater uh-oh

think this share treasure


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of Articulation: English Soundsof Articulation: English Sounds

Voicin :

Sayinacontinuousloop:hahaha

Hereswhatshappening

Nasalvs.Oral:Say

in

acontinuous

loop:

Bob,Mom

Yourvelumrisesandclosesoffthenasal

cavitywhenyousayBob.ItlowerswhenStopvs.Fricativepinfin banvan

Nowholdyournoseandtryagain:Bob,

mom.

tinsin too

zoo

FronttoBack

falltallcall


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of Articulation:of Articulation: EnglishEnglish SoundsSoundsTryItOut:

Whichbest

describes

the

sounds

hinted

at

bytheboldedletters?

Voicing PlaceofArticulation MannerofArticulation

Voiced

Voiceless

Labial

Dental

Alveolar

Post

alveolar

Velar

Stop

Fricative

Nasal

plans

planks

lanks

planks

planks


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Whichbest

describes

the

sounds

hinted

at

bytheboldedletters?


Voiced

Voiceless

Labial

Dental

Alveolar

Post

alveolar

Velar

Stop

Fricative

Nasal

IPASymbo

p ans zplanks X X X [p]

planks X X X []

planks X X X [k]

planks X X X [s]


11/21



Whichbest

describes

the

sounds

hinted

at

bytheboldedletters?


Voiced

Voiceless

Labial

Dental

Alveolar

Post

alveolar

Velar

Stop

Fricative

Nasal

three

there

rinsed

rented

climb


12/21



Whichbest

describes

the

sounds

hinted

at

bytheboldedletters?


Voiced

Voiceless

Labial

Dental

Alveolar

Post

alveolar

Velar

Stop

Fricative

Nasal

three X X X []there X X X []

rinsed X X X [t]

rented X X X [d]

climb Gotcha!


13/21


of Articulation:of Articulation: EnglishEnglish SoundsSoundsOkay.Somuchforthetidypart.Linguistsusecompetingbutinterchangeablesymbolsandtermstorepresentanumberofsounds:Thepostalveolar fricatives[]and[],asinshareand measure

Alsocalledalveopalatal

Alsorepresented

as

[]

and

[]

respectively

Hudsonusesthisnotation.IllmostlyusetheclassicalIPA.

Englishalsohasaclassofsoundsthatcombinethearticulationsofstopsand

fricatives:theaffricates.IPAnotationtreatstheseastwose aratesounds.

Stop Fricative Affricate IPARepresentation Otherwise

too shoe chew [t] [] o measure u ge


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of Articulation: Nonof Articulation: Non--English SoundsEnglish Sounds


15/21


ofof Articulation: The VowelsArticulation: The Vowels

Think of the space inside your mouth as a sort of trapezoid. Most of thesound of a vowel depends on where in this trapezoidal space the highest

point of your tongue finds itself.


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ofof Articulation: The VowelsArticulation: The VowelsOntheverticalaxis,we

High, tense

Hi h lax

Mid, tense

Mid, lax

Think of the space inside your mouth as a sort of trapezoid. Most of the

sound of a vowel depends on where in this trapezoidal space the highest

point of your tongue finds itself.


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ofof Articulation: The VowelsArticulation: The VowelsMostvarietiesofEnglishonlyuseafractionofvowelspace

High, tense

Hi h lax

Mid, tense

Mid, lax


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ofof Articulation: The VowelsArticulation: The VowelsMostvarietiesofEnglishonlyuseafractionofvowelspace

ron owe s, ose g o pen ow :[i] see,

beat,

teen

[I] sip,bin,tin

[e] say,bait,taint

[] said,bet,ten

Our Lonely Central Vowel

BackVowels,Close(High)toOpen(Low):[u] soon,boot,too

oo ,

oo ,

oo[o] so,boat,tone

[] saw,bought,collar

For many of you, especially if you

grew up West of the Mississippi or

south of St. Louis these two vowels

[] sod,pot,caller are indistinct.


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ofof Articulation: The VowelsArticulation: The Vowels

TongueHeight

/ ense

Lax/

ax

Mid/

nse

Mid/

x l ed

nded

Close

High

Close

High

Close

Mid

T

Open

Mid

L

Open

Low

Front

Centra

Back

Round

Unrou

three X X X

true X X X

since X X X

cabin X X X

pain X X X

unc e

sent X X X


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ofof Articulation: The ApproximantsArticulation: The ApproximantsThesearesoundsthatgetinthewayoftheaircomingoutofthelungs,butnotenoughtocausetroubleLateralapproximants: [l] leave,yellow,evilRetro exapproximants: r re ,Mary,ever

Retroflexdescribesthetipofthetongue,whichis

bentbackwards

to

point

up

almost

straight

to

the

hardpalate.

InAmericanEnglish,theretroflexapproximant

, ,

Glideapproximants: [w] way,sewer,few[j] yes,payer,say

week2 phonetics 2

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