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common assumptions ofLanguage learning and

language Teaching

Week 1

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Your opinions about languagelearning

7. Teachers should present grammatical rules one at a time, andlearners should practise examples of each one before going toanother.

8. Teachers should teach simple language structures beforecomplex ones.

9. Learners error should be corrected as soon as they are madein order to prevent the formation of bad habits.

10.Teachers should use materials that expose students only tolanguage structures which they have already been taught.

11.When learners are allowed to interact freely (for example, ingroup or pair activities), they learn each others mistakes.

12.Students learn what they are taught.

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TASK 2

Your opinions about language teaching

1. Students learn best through spoken, not writtenlanguage.

2. Teachers and students should use the secondlanguage rather than the first language in theclassroom.

3. Teachers should avoid explicit discussion of grammar.

4. Language should be learned as a whole rather thansplit up into fragments.

5. Language should be presented to students throughdialogues and texts.

6. Language consists of four skills: listening speaking,reading and writing.

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The Nature Of Approaches AndMethods

In Language Teaching

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TASK 1

REFLECTIONWhat is your definition of

Approach

Method, and

Technique?

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Term Definition What does it

involve?

Approach

Theoriesunderlying ...........

...........................

1. The viewof ...............

2. The beliefabout .......3. The idea of

Method Practical plan for..........................

basedon ...............................

1. Syllabus to beused

2 ........................................3.........................................4............................

.............

Technique

Procedure .............

Avariety ......................

...

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Term Definition

What does itinvolve?

Approach

Theories underlying

the principles andpractice of L2teaching.

1. The view of the nature oflanguage.2. The belief about the natureof language learning.3. The idea of how theseviews should be applied tothe practice of L2 teaching.

MethodPractical plan forteaching a L2 basedon a selectedapproach.

1. Syllabus to be used2. Teaching & learning

objectives3. Teaching & learning

activities

4. Teacher and learnerroles

TechniqueProcedure employed toachieve a particularteaching objective.

A variety of classroomactivities to present andpractise new languageand tactics to providefeedback to Ss.

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TASK 2

DISCUSSION

1. What is your own view oflanguage? Why and what do

we learn a language for?2. Think about how children learn first

language; Now think about how

people learn L2. Can you find anydifferences?

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Theory of languageThe structural view: language is a systemof

structurally related phonological, grammatical,and lexical elements for the transmission ofmeaning.The target of LL: to achieve a goodcommand of the elements within this system. Somelanguage learning methods based on this view include

the Audio-Lingual Method, Total Physical Response,and the Silent Way.The functional view: language is a vehicle forexpressing functional meaning.The target of LL:learn to express communication functions andcategories of meaning. The Communicative Approachand the Natural Approach are based on this view.The interactional view: language is primarilymeans for establishing and maintaininginterpersonal relations and for performing socialtransactions between individuals. The target of LL:

to learn to initiate and maintain conversations withother eo le. The Communicative A roach is also

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Theory of language learningA process-oriented theory describes thepsycholinguistic and cognitiveprocesses involved in languagelearning. These processes include habit-formation, induction, inferencing, hypothesistesting, and generalisation.

A condition-oriented theory, on the other

hand, describes the conditions that needto be met for learning to take place.

An approach that emphasizes both theprocess and the condition dimensions oflearning is Krashens Monitor Model of

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MethodWhen evaluating a method, we consider:

(1) what teaching and learning objectives itsets out to achieve,

(2) how language content is selected andorganised within its framework,

(3) what teaching and learning activities it

advocates, and(4) what roles it assigns to teachers,learners, and instructional materials.

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TASK 3

REFLECTION

Approach, Method or Technique?Cousebook pp15-16

1.T 2.M 3.M 4.A 5.A 6.T 7.A

8.M 9.T 10.M 11.M 12.T 13.M 14.M

15.M 16.M 17.T 18.A 19.M 20.A 21.A