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RECIPE FOR EVOLUTION Slide Show

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DUE TODAY HOMEWORK: Student Weekly Grade Tracking #26 (Turn in)

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DUE TODAY CLASSWORK: GENETICS - THE SCIENCE OF HEREDITY Unit Exam (Retake requires flashcards and taken by 3/3/17)

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DUE TODAY RETAKE @ TUTORING: OPEN BINDER/NOTE TEST #4

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DUE 2/28/17 FINAL DEADLINE: Missing/Incomplete Assignments (Turn in)

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DUE 3/6/17 HOMEWORK: Student Weekly Grade Tracking #27 (Turn in)

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GENETICSThe Science of Heredity Unit Exam

All technology turned off and placed in backpack in front of classroom. NO COMMUNICATING with peers (Verbal/Non-Verbal) Keep eyes on own paper Demonstrate Academic Honesty Once exam is finished, read Chapter 13 in textbook pages 434-457

Testing Protocol:

TUESDAY

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Take notes on “Bird Beaks” Video Clip

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“Top 10 Weird Animal Defense Mechanisms” Video Clip

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BLOCK DAY

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“10 Animals That Came Back From Extinction” Video Clip

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“Migrations: Big Animal Trips” Video Clip “STEMbite: Seed Dispersal” Video Clip

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Learning Objective:Define adaptation and provide examples in both animals and plants Understand the difference between structural and behavioral adaptations Define and understand migration Define and understand hibernation Define and understand pollination Define and understand seed dispersal Define dormancy

AnimalAdaptationsandBehaviors

http://hornedo.episd.org/UserFiles/Servers/Server_526909/File/migration/historical_adaptations.ppt

Presentation

WhatDoesAdaptationMean?• Thespecialcharacteristicsthatenableplantsandanimalstobesuccessfulinaparticularenvironment.

• Theleatherbackseaturtlecandivetoover3,000feet.Itscollapsiblelungsandflexibleshellhelpitstandthehighwaterpressure.

StructuralAdaptations

• Structuraladaptationsarephysicalfeaturesofanorganismlikethebillonabirdorthefuronabear.

BehavioralAdaptations

• Behavioraladaptationsarethethingsorganismsdotosurvive.Forexample,birdcallsandmigrationarebehavioraladaptations.

• Ananimal’sbehaviorconsistsofalltheactionsitperforms.

PLANTS

• Plantshavemanyadaptationstocopewiththelackofwaterinthedesert.

• Thebarrelcactushasanexpandablestemforstoringwater.

• Someotherplantshaveadaptationsthatreducewaterlossfromtheirleaves(thisiswheremostwaterislost)– Somehaveawaxycoatingontheirleaves– Somehavesmallleavesornoleavesatall

ANIMALS

• Conservingwaterisimportantfordesertmammals.Somesmallmammals:

– Havenosweatglands– Passnourineorveryconcentratedurinelikethekangaroorat.– Acquireallormostofthemoisturetheyneedfromthefoodtheyeat.

• Tosurviveextremetemperature,marmotsandothersmallmammalsmayenterastateofsuspendedanimationcalledestivation.Duringestivationtheanimalsbreathing,heartbeat,andotherbodyprocessesslowdown.

• Largeanimalslikeelkhavethickcoats.Thishelpsinsulatetheirbodiesagainsttheheat.

• Someanimalshavelightercoloredcoatswhichreflectmorelightthanadarkcoat.

• Migrationandhibernationaretwoadaptationsusedbytheanimals.

• Migrationistheregular,periodicjourneyofananimalfromoneplacetoanotherandbakagainforfeedingorreproduction.

• Mostanimalsmigratetowarmerclimatesoncethecoldweatherbegins.Someanimalshaveadaptedtolifebyhibernatingwhentemperaturesdrop.

• Otheranimalshaveadaptedtotheextremecoldtemperaturesbyproducingalayerofinsulatingfeathersorfurtoprotectthemfromthecold.

• Hibernationisacombinationofbehavioralandphysicaladaptations.

• Hibernationisastateofgreatlyreducedbodyactivitythatoccursduringthewinter.

• Forexample,duringthesummerthebrownbear’sphysicaladaptationallowsthefoodeatenduringthesummertobestoredasalayeroffatunderneathitsskin.

• Thelayeroffatinsulatesthebearfromthecold.Whileinhibernationthefatisslowlyconvertedintoenergythatmaintainslife.

Pollination and DispersalForm and Function

http://www.wou.edu/~bledsoek/103materials/presentations/44b-Pollination&Dispersal.ppt

Pollination• Pollination is the transfer of pollen from male

reproductive structures to female reproductive structures in plants.

• Pollination is how gymnosperms (cone-bearing seed plants) and angiosperms (flowering plants) carry out sexual reproduction.

• Pollen carries the male sex cells from one plant to the next, allowing plants to cross with other plants far away.

• A vector is a means of moving pollen from plant to plant. Vectors may be wind or animals.

Plant REPRODUCTION (Pollination)Male – Stamen Top of stamen is the anther, pollen made in the anther.

Female – Pistil Ovule (egg) — becomes a seed. Ovary – becomes fruit.

Fertilization – occurs when the pollen from the anther is carried to the pistil by animals. The sperm (pollen) falls down the style to the egg and fertilizes the egg.

Wind Pollination• All gymnosperms are

wind-pollinated.

• Flowering plants that are wind-pollinated have flowers that lack showy petals.

• Anthers and stigma are often long and sticky or feathery.

Bee Pollination• Honeybees seek nectar and

pollen.

• Bees can see ultraviolet, and home in on flowers that are blue, purple, or have UV markings. They have well-developed sense of smell.

• Bees prefer flat platform-shaped flowers or large, open tubes.

Hummingbird Pollination• Hummingbirds seek

nectar - LOTS of nectar.

• Hummingbirds don’t have a good sense of smell. They see orange and red the best.

• Hummingbirds sip from pendulous tube-shaped flowers that other nectar-feeders can’t access.

Butterfly Pollination

• Butterflies seek nectar.

• Butterflies are attracted to platform-shaped flowers or clusters of very small, upright, tubular flowers.

• Butterflies have a keen sense of smell, and can see orange, yellow, blues, and purples.

Moth Pollination

• Moths seek nectar.

• Moths have a well-developed sense of smell.

• Moths are attracted to highly-scented, tubular, bright white flowers.

Fruit Dispersal

Dispersal• Once a fruit and seeds have formed, it is

essential for the seed to be moved away from the parent plant to avoid competition. This occurs through dispersal.

• As with pollination, seed dispersal involves many different vectors.

• Adaptations that we see on fruits and seeds helps tell us what the dispersal vector is.

Types of seed dispersal:

http://www.rcboe.org/site/handlers/filedownload.ashx?moduleinstanceid=36939&dataid=29151&FileName=Adaptations%202012.ppt

Ballistic dispersal• Some plants disperse

their seeds themselves.

• Explosive dry fruits that shatter on contact or when shaken throw seeds far from the parent plant. Some fruits use build up hydraulic pressure until they burst.

Wind dispersal

• Lightweight dry fruits with wings, parachutes, and similar wind-catching structures can be blown away from the parent plant.

Water dispersal

• Hollow, water-resistant fruits can be dispersed long distances by moving water.

Animal dispersal

• Two types of fruits are animal dispersed:• Fruits that can cling to fur.• Edible fruits whose seeds can go

through a digestive system, or may get discarded when the animal eats.

PLANT BEHAVIORSPlants not only have structural adaptations; they have behaviors that help them to survive in their environment.Tropism: movement of a plant toward or away from a stimulus. Toward is called positive, away is called negative.

PLANT BEHAVIORAL ADAPTATIONS

DORMANCY is a state of rest or inactivity.

Many plants go dormant in the winter. Fall is the time of year when plants are preparing for

dormancy.Why do trees loose their leaves in the fall?

FRIDAY

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