week 7 - the invasion of abyssinia
DESCRIPTION
This lesson presentation covers 2 things: 1 - the impact of the Invasion of Abyssinia, and 2 - how Mussolini took over Italy in the 1920sTRANSCRIPT
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Week 6:
The Invasion of Abyssinia
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This week
• We will cover two basic things:– What was the impact of the Invasion of Abyssinia?– Who was Mussolini, and how did he manage Italy?
• For a quick review up to this point,– Japan invaded Manchuria in 1931, the LoN wrote
a report and did nothing, and Japan left the LoN– Hitler took “emergency control” of Germany in
1933, and re-armed the military and withdrew Germany from the LoN
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I. What was the impact of the Invasion of Abyssinia?
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I. What was the impact of the Invasion of Abyssinia?
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I. What was the impact of the Invasion of Abyssinia?
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I. What was the impact of the Invasion of Abyssinia?
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I. What was the impact of the Invasion of Abyssinia, 1936?
• Mussolini’s motives for invading Abyssinia– 1896 – Italy tried and failed to conquer Abyssinia– Hitler was ready to expand already IN EUROPE– STRESA FRONT – Britain and France were
depending on Italy for help against Hitler, so Mussolini expected no resistance from Britain/France to invade Abyssinia in return
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I. What was the impact of the Invasion of Abyssinia, 1936?
• Weaknesses in the Stresa Front– Britain was the first to “weaken” the alliance,
because Britain entered into a private agreement with Hitler in 1935 to fix the ratio of German-to-British warships (1 to 3)
– This agreement broke the Treaty of Versailles, and Britain did not communicate with France or Italy before signing the agreement with Germany
– Italy invaded Abyssinia (a League member state) without consulting Britain or France, on October 3, 1935
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I. What was the impact of the Invasion of Abyssinia, 1936?
• Response from the League Council– First, there were trade
sanctions – but not on petrol, so Italy continued to advance
– The Suez Canal (separating Mediterranean Sea from Red Sea) was never closed to Italy by the British
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I. What was the impact of the Invasion of Abyssinia, 1936?
• Response from the League Council– Hoare-Laval Pact – a
secret deal was created by Britain and France to give Italy ½ of Abyssinia if Mussolini would stop
– When the British public heard about the plan, they were furious and the plan collapsed
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I. What was the impact of the Invasion of Abyssinia, 1936?
• Response from the League Council– In March 1936, Britain
and France finally banned sales of petrol to Italy, but it was too late
– May 1936 – Italy conquered the capital of Abyssinia, and all resistance ended. Italy had won
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Look at Source D on page 55. Compare it to the cartoon below. Does it make sense now?
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1. Impact of Abyssinia on the League of Nations– Haillie Selassie’s famous speech in Geneva, June
1936– The next major event in the world – the Spanish
Civil War – passed without the League even offering an opinion as Italian and German planes bombed Spanish cities like Guernica
I. What was the impact of the Invasion of Abyssinia, 1936?
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Bombing of Guernica, April 26 1937
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2. Benefits of Abyssinia for Hitlera. Opportunity – in 1936, Hitler quietly started sending
German troops and military equipment into the Rhineland – a clear violation of the T. of Versailles
b. Lack of Resistance – the League of Nations was now not going to stop Hitler if it could not stop Mussolini
c. Allies – instead of a Stresa Front, Italy signed a new agreement with Germany in November 1936 – the Rome-Berlin Axis. Japan, Italy and Germany signed an anti-USSR agreement called the Anti-Comintern Pact
I. What was the impact of the Invasion of Abyssinia, 1936?
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II. Who was Mussolini, and how did he manage Italy?
A. Italy’s challenges in the 1920s1. Italy had been promised land in exchange for
fighting with Britain/France in WWI, but didn’t receive all of it
2. Communism was rising in popularity3. Most people did not think that the Italian
parliament (democracy) could protect Italy from Communism
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II. Who was Mussolini, and how did he manage Italy?
B. The Fascist take-over1. 1922 - Fascists (ex-military, extremely nationalistic
Italians) marched to Rome, Mussolini took control of government
2. 1924 – Mussolini rigged elections, Fascists won majority of seats in Italian Parliament
3. 1926 – all other political parties were made illegal4. Posters appeared in Italy saying, “Mussolini is always
right!”5. 1929 – Mussolini made a deal with the Catholic Church
to guarantee no interference
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II. Who was Mussolini, and how did he manage Italy?
C. Mussolini goes to war1. 1936 – Italy invaded and conquered Abyssinia
– Italy formed alliance with Germany (Rome – Berlin Axis)
2. 1940 – Italy declared war on France/Britain3. 1943 – Italy was invaded by USA/Britain,
Mussolini was captured, then rescued by German troops
4. 1945 – Mussolini was murdered by anti-Fascist Italians
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