week 6: research paper 1.01
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tips and guidelines for writing a successful research paperTRANSCRIPT
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research paper 101 [tips for a successful assignment]
+ plan ahead [be strategic]
+ simplify [be specific]
+ maximise your resources [tutor, library, notes, time, etc.]
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Basic elements of a research paper
+ introduction [thesis statement]
+ body of essay
+ illustrations
+ conclusion
+ bibliography [references—sources cited in essay]
plan ahead [be strategic]
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Basic elements of a research paper
+ introduction [thesis statement]
› gains the reader’s a.en/on › provides brief background material about the meaning, context & significance of the topic
› includes defini/ons of keywords if necessary › iden/fies the 'gap', problem or issue outlined in the ques/on › gives the reader some understanding of the order in which the ideas in the essay will be presented
› clearly iden/fies the author's point of view in a thesis statement
› 300 – 500 words [max]
plan ahead [be strategic]
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Basic elements of a research paper
+ the body of an essay
› your argument is developed through paragraphs › each paragraph should contain only one main idea, as stated by the topic sentence
› each paragraph supports the main idea by explaining the issue, and providing evidence e.g. quotes, sta/s/cs, facts, examples, case studies
› decide how many points you wish to make and in what order › link the paragraphs together › make sure paragraphs follow in logical sequence [as promised in the Introduc/on] so that the essay flows towards the conclusion.
› two or three case studies: 400 -‐ 500 words each [1200-‐1500 words max]
plan ahead [be strategic]
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Basic elements of a research paper
+ illustrations
› back to this in a moment [evidence]….
plan ahead [be strategic]
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Basic elements of a research paper
+ the conclusion
› sum up your main points › /e these back to the thesis statement › avoid adding new material or using quotes › DO comment or make recommenda/ons › it is your opportunity to reassert your opinion › 300 -‐ 500 words [max]
plan ahead [be strategic]
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refining your argument [thesis statement]
+ have a unique point of view
+ an argument is an opinion (not a fact)
+ collect evidence to convince your reader
simplify [be specific]
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building a convincing argument [research paper]
+ collect your evidence › quotes › supporting text, ideas › images: illustrations, photos, visualisations › other supporting data ???? [evidence will help convince your reader]
simplify [be specific]
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building a convincing argument [research paper]
+ visual evidence [photos, graphs, illustrations, renderings, visualisations, etc.]
simplify [be specific]
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when and how to include illustrations
+ if the image supports, illustrates, or advances your argument
+ If it illustrates something specifically addressed in your writing
+ always describe the image or illustration
+ describe what is it that you want your reader to “see” [let your reader know why the image is important]
+ locate your illustration with in-text reference, e.g. (Figure 1) or (Figures 1, 2)
simplify [be specific]
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building a convincing argument [research paper]
+ textual evidence [direct quote, primary source, secondary source, other written materials] "It would seem that more than function itself, simplicity is the deciding factor in the aesthetic equation. One might call the process beauty through function and simplification.” (Lowey, 2000, p.127).
simplify [be specific]
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building a convincing argument [research paper]
+ textual evidence [direct quote, primary source, secondary source, other written materials] “The futuristic stands the modernist dictum of ‘form follows function’ on its head: form does not follow function, form pretends to follow function but is actually an aesthetic end in itself, a decorative feature that ostentatiously proposes itself as a useful one.” (Harris, 2000, p.163).
simplify [be specific]
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building a convincing argument [research paper]
+ when to use quotes › support your own (original) argument
› when the quoted author’s words are unique to such a degree that meaning is lost in paraphrasing
› always introduce or contextualize your quote--never include a quote without reference to author or original context
› do not use quotes for long passages of historical or otherwise unremarkable information or data
› use “” on either side of the quote followed by a citation
simplify [be specific]
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building a convincing argument [research paper]
+ a convincing argument needs “proof”
+ readers expect to be convinced with MORE than opinions
+ the better your evidence, the better [and more interesting your paper] will be
maximise your resources
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When to use citations
+ when you are paraphrasing an author’s ideas, concepts, or words
+ if you are using factual information from another source
+ when you are directly quoting a source--any source
+ when in doubt--cite your source!!!
maximise your resources
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in-text citations in APA style http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/02/
maximise your resources
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building a convincing argument [research paper]
+ IDENTIFY: Who, what, where, when
+ CONTEXTUALIZE your evidence
+ ALWAYS, always cite your sources
maximise your resources
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final reminders
+ be specific – as much as possible [always]
+ define all new terminology—introduce all new people
+ make sure your evidence supports/expands your argument
+ a simple, well-written, logical argument is always better than a complicated/confused claim
+ read your paper carefully: do you understand and believe your argument and evidence?
maximise your resources