Week 6:Euteleostei

OstariophysiCypriniformesCharaciformesSiluriformes

Biology of Fishes Week 6 Character Summary Superorder Ostariophysi

Cypriniformes Characiformes Siluriformes Gymnotiformes Character Species number 2700 1200 2400 60 Weberian ossicles X X X X Fear scent X X X X Adipose fin Jaw teeth Pharyngeal teeth

X

X X x

X X

Barbels X X Breeding tubercles Protractile mouth

X X

x

Scales cycloid ctenoid^ none, scutes none Active day dawn, dusk night night Sensory focus* vision vision gustatory (electric) electric Distribution NA, Africa, Asia SA, Africa NA, SA, Africa, Asia SA

* in addition to acute hearing capability ^ According to Nelson, Fishes of the World, contradicts Moyle & Cech, 2004 NA = North America; SA = South America

Cladogram Exercise: Build a cladogram for the Ostariophysi using the characters as they appear above.

~adipose fin

Siluriformescatfishes

no scales

~bony plates

spinous dorsal, pectoral rays ~ epidermal venom~ 1st ray locks 2nd

Figure 18.4

Batrochoglanis villosus     SA bumblebee catfishes formerly Pimelodidaenow Pseudopimelodidae

~jaw teeth

no pharyngeals

barbels

~4 pairs

1 nose (nasal)1 mouth (maxillary)2 lower jaw = (mandibular)

N. America Eurasia S. America Africa

Siluriformes~2400 sp.

except Australia

North America

Ictaluridae~46 species

Europe

Siluridae~97 species

wels

glass

Africa~300 sp.

walking

electric

upside-downsqueaker~parasitic

Asia~650 sp

venomouscrypticMekong giant

Order Characiformes (continued) FW/South America Family Curimatidae

Chalceus macrolepidotus pink-tail chalceus Family Prochilodontidae

Semaprochilodus taeniurus silver prochilodus Family Hemiodontidae

Hemiodus gracilis slender hemiodus Family Lebiasinidae

Nannostomus eques brown pencilfish Nannostomus trifasciatus three-stripe pencilfish Family Anostomidae

Anostomus anostomus striped headstander Leporinus arcus lipstick leporinus Leporinus fasciatus banded leporinus

Order Siluriformes FW/South America Family Pimelodidae Phractocephalus hemioliopterus red-tail catfish Family Doradidae

Oxydoras niger Amazon catfish Family Callichthyidae

Corydoras davidsandsi corydoras Family Loricariidae

Farlowella acus twig catfish Rhinelocaria aurem whiptail catfish Pterygoplichthys gibbeceps spotted sailfin catfish Pterygoplichthys multiradiatus Orinoco sailfin catfish

Order Gymnotiformes FW/South America Family Gymnotidae

Electrophorus electricus electric knifefish

C. Instructions

1. Observe two ostariophysans, each from a different order, for 3 minutes (please time yourself) mentally noting anatomy, coloration, and motion of the body and fins.

2. On the unruled side of a large index card, sketch the fishes in pencil and fill in with color. Label all structures you sketch.

3. On the ruled side of the card, write your name and the date at the top. Provide the common and scientific names of the fish, including superorder, order, and family.

4. Answer the following for each fish:

a. Is the pelvic fin abdominal (near the belly) or thoracic (near the head)?

b. Which do you see? jaw teeth barbels adipose fin

c. Where would you find this fish? (specify habitat and continent)

5. Sign out, go across the plaza to the Harborside Learning Lab, and hand in your index card.

South America~1,300 sp.

~adipose fin~armor plates~barbels

Pimelodidaewhiskered catfishes~85 species

“sailfin” pimelodid (Leiarius sp.)

3 pairs of barbelsno nasalelongated maxillary

adipose fin

platessome spinous rays

NEAqPimelodidae

red-tail catfish Phractocephalus hemioliopterus

NEAq

Hassar orestis

Doradidaethorny (armored) catfishes ~72 sp.

3 pairs of barbels(no nasals)mandibular branching

plates with spinesspinous dorsal

vibrate pectoral fin spine or gas bladder = “talking”

NEAqsee Amazon (ripsaw)

thorny catfish (Platydoras costatus)

Callichthyidaearmored catfishes~177 sp.

banded corydoras(Corydoras barbatus)

1-3 pairs of barbels

bony plates dorsal, pectoral, adipose spinebony case around gas bladdervascular hind gut for terrestrial forays

banded corydoras(Corydoras barbatus)

sailfin catfishPterogoplichthys gibbiceps

Panaque nigrolineatus

NEAqsee also multiradiatus

Loricariidaesuckermouth (armoured) catfishes~685 sp.

needle catfish (Farlowella amazonica)

NEAqsee twig (F. aqus)

subterminal mouth

bony plates~ spinous rays

aka “pleco” = plecostomus

Loricariidae