Week 3: Journalism 2001Week 3: Journalism 2001September 22, 2008September 22, 2008

What’s wrong?What’s wrong?

94%

0%

6%

0% 1.1. Phantom’s, not PhantomsPhantom’s, not Phantoms

2.2. Catalog, not catologCatalog, not catolog

3.3. too high, not to hightoo high, not to high

4.4. All of the above!All of the above!

Extra Credit OpportunitiesExtra Credit Opportunities Did anyone attend this?Did anyone attend this? Media Expert: Wednesday, 9/17; 1 p.m., Media Expert: Wednesday, 9/17; 1 p.m.,

Kirby RaftersKirby Rafters– Mark Anfinson, an attorney who represents Mark Anfinson, an attorney who represents

newspapers on behalf of the Minnesota newspapers on behalf of the Minnesota Newspaper Association, will talk about the First Newspaper Association, will talk about the First Amendment challenges faced by journalists and Amendment challenges faced by journalists and citizens alike at the recent GOP convention in the citizens alike at the recent GOP convention in the Twin Cities.Twin Cities.

– 10 Extra Credit points: Write 5 paragraph 10 Extra Credit points: Write 5 paragraph summary of what you learned; will be posted on summary of what you learned; will be posted on class Web siteclass Web site

DUE: 1 Week after event (9/24)DUE: 1 Week after event (9/24)

Another Extra Credit Another Extra Credit OpportunityOpportunity

Peter Annin, former Newsweek Peter Annin, former Newsweek reporter/researcherreporter/researcher– Wednesday, September 24Wednesday, September 24– 11 a.m.11 a.m.– Humanities 480 (Jour 2001 class)Humanities 480 (Jour 2001 class)– 10 extra credit points:10 extra credit points:

Submit 5 paragraph summary of what you Submit 5 paragraph summary of what you learned that will be posted on the class Web learned that will be posted on the class Web sitesite

DUE: October 1DUE: October 1

Review of last week’s newsReview of last week’s news

DNT AnalysisDNT Analysis

Excellent job!Excellent job! You’re now reading the newspaper You’re now reading the newspaper

with a more critical eyewith a more critical eye Better understanding of what goes Better understanding of what goes

into the newspaper; why editors into the newspaper; why editors make story selectionsmake story selections

What surprised you while doing What surprised you while doing assignment?assignment?

Journalism Case StudiesJournalism Case Studies

Rob Karwath Column:Rob Karwath Column:– The future of newspapers is now, and wThe future of newspapers is now, and w

e’re finding our placee’re finding our place

Review: Summary lead Review: Summary lead assignmentassignment

Overall great start!Overall great start! Remember:Remember:

– One-sentence summary lead, 35 words or lessOne-sentence summary lead, 35 words or less Use datelineUse dateline Write in past tense, active voiceWrite in past tense, active voice Watch state abbreviations: Fla FL FLAWatch state abbreviations: Fla FL FLA Watch wordinessWatch wordiness

– has resulted in the man’s deathhas resulted in the man’s death– stunned a man to deathstunned a man to death– leads to the suspect being shotleads to the suspect being shot– M-26 Taser stun gunM-26 Taser stun gun

Here’s the summary lead from the Associated Press:Here’s the summary lead from the Associated Press:

HOLLYWOOD, Fla. – A man behaving strangely in front of a HOLLYWOOD, Fla. – A man behaving strangely in front of a hotel died after police shot him with a stun gun, then hotel died after police shot him with a stun gun, then wrestled him to the ground and handcuffed him because he wrestled him to the ground and handcuffed him because he had not been subdued.had not been subdued.

Many of your leads are just as strong!Many of your leads are just as strong!

HOLLYWOOD, FLA – A man died Sunday after police used a HOLLYWOOD, FLA – A man died Sunday after police used a stun gun on him after being called to a hotel where the man stun gun on him after being called to a hotel where the man had been acting strangely and refused to cooperate with had been acting strangely and refused to cooperate with local authorities, which believed the man to be on drugs.local authorities, which believed the man to be on drugs.

A man acting strangely in front of a hotel died after a police A man acting strangely in front of a hotel died after a police officer accidentally killed him with a stun gun when he officer accidentally killed him with a stun gun when he refused to cooperate and attempted to attack one of them.refused to cooperate and attempted to attack one of them.

A man died Sunday when an officer shot him with a M-26 A man died Sunday when an officer shot him with a M-26 Taser stun gun outside a hotel in Hollywood, Florida after Taser stun gun outside a hotel in Hollywood, Florida after he displayed strange behavior and refused to comply with he displayed strange behavior and refused to comply with officers.officers.

Let’s improve these leads:Let’s improve these leads:

A man died in a police accident in front A man died in a police accident in front of a hotel on Sunday when he resisted of a hotel on Sunday when he resisted arrest forcing officers to shoot him with arrest forcing officers to shoot him with a M-26 taser, he then ripped the stun a M-26 taser, he then ripped the stun darts out of his chest and charged the darts out of his chest and charged the officers forcing them to subdue him officers forcing them to subdue him but he died in the hospital shortly but he died in the hospital shortly after.after.– Run-on sentenceRun-on sentence– 54 words: too much info – where to cut?54 words: too much info – where to cut?– Why?Why?

Man is pronounced dead after being tasered by Man is pronounced dead after being tasered by police officer for acting strangely outside a hotel police officer for acting strangely outside a hotel room.room.– Stick to past tenseStick to past tense– When?When?– A hotel room?A hotel room?– Reads like an announcement, not news storyReads like an announcement, not news story

50,000 volts of electricity hit and killed a man 50,000 volts of electricity hit and killed a man police saw outside a hotel behaving strangely, police saw outside a hotel behaving strangely, probably on drugs, and when the matter was probably on drugs, and when the matter was pursued he violently attempted to resident arrest.pursued he violently attempted to resident arrest.– What type of electricity?What type of electricity?– FocusFocus– When?When?– Intentional killing? Intentional killing?

Review: Writing a summary Review: Writing a summary leadlead

Usually a single sentenceUsually a single sentence No more than 35 wordsNo more than 35 words Bottom line:Bottom line:

– Use a single sentence of no more than Use a single sentence of no more than 35 words to summarize an event35 words to summarize an event

Use active voice!Use active voice!

Avoid “to be”Avoid “to be” a man was killed….a man was killed…. a man was shot by police….a man was shot by police…. was behaving strangelywas behaving strangely

Grammar exerciseGrammar exercise

Dr. Grammar tips:Dr. Grammar tips:– http://http://www.drgrammar.orgwww.drgrammar.org//

Check egradebookCheck egradebook

Assignments listed at egradebook:Assignments listed at egradebook:– http://www.d.umn.edu/egradebookhttp://www.d.umn.edu/egradebook

If assignments missing that you If assignments missing that you turned in, let me know ASAPturned in, let me know ASAP

Assignment due todayAssignment due today Summary lead exercisesSummary lead exercises

– Steps to help you:Steps to help you: Identify the five Ws and HIdentify the five Ws and H

– Who?Who?– What?What?– When?When?– Where?Where?– Why?Why?– How?How?

– Determine what’s the most important to includeDetermine what’s the most important to include– Reminder: Summary lead contains no more than Reminder: Summary lead contains no more than

35 words35 words– Email assignment, written in Microsoft Word, Email assignment, written in Microsoft Word,

and send as an attachment to and send as an attachment to lkragnes@d.umn.edulkragnes@d.umn.edu

Assignment for 9/29Assignment for 9/29 More summary lead exercises!More summary lead exercises!

– Steps to help you:– Identify the five W’s and H

Who? What? When? Where? Why? How?

– Determine which is the most important to include.– A summary lead should contain no more than 35 words.– One sentence strongest summary lead.

Email assignment, written in Microsoft Word, and Email assignment, written in Microsoft Word, and send as an attachment to send as an attachment to lkragnes@d.umn.edulkragnes@d.umn.edu

Hard News 1 Story AssignmentHard News 1 Story Assignment

Work in teams to interview Duluth citizensWork in teams to interview Duluth citizens Each reporter writes own storyEach reporter writes own story Interview 8-10 DuluthiansInterview 8-10 Duluthians

– Might not use all sources in storyMight not use all sources in story– List all sources, with contact info, at end of storyList all sources, with contact info, at end of story

Groups of 1 to 2:Groups of 1 to 2:– Will finalize groups TONIGHT!Will finalize groups TONIGHT!

Stories will be posted on class Web site:Stories will be posted on class Web site:– Fall Jour 2001 Web siteFall Jour 2001 Web site

Let’s brainstorm ideas of where Let’s brainstorm ideas of where Duluthians gather:Duluthians gather:

Greyhound bus station West DuluthGreyhound bus station West Duluth Amazing Grace café in Canal ParkAmazing Grace café in Canal Park Fond du Luth Casino/Old DowntownFond du Luth Casino/Old Downtown First Street/Cozy Bar/EncounterFirst Street/Cozy Bar/Encounter Gas stationGas station Miller Hill Mall bus stopMiller Hill Mall bus stop Pizza Luce concertPizza Luce concert Courthouse CourtyardCourthouse Courtyard Public libraryPublic library Canal Park/Lift bridgeCanal Park/Lift bridge WalMartWalMart Dunn Brothers coffee shopDunn Brothers coffee shop

Ideas from last semesterIdeas from last semester UMD Dining Center/Kirby Student CenterUMD Dining Center/Kirby Student Center Northlan Gaming CenterNorthlan Gaming Center

– Lincoln Park/West EndLincoln Park/West End Encounter/Cozy Bar corner (2Encounter/Cozy Bar corner (2ndnd Ave. E. & First St.) Ave. E. & First St.) Spirit MountainSpirit Mountain Miller Hill MallMiller Hill Mall Community CenterCommunity Center DECC: Hockey gameDECC: Hockey game Downtown: Superior StreetDowntown: Superior Street Marshal Performing Arts Center: PlayMarshal Performing Arts Center: Play

Hard News 1 Story Pitch Due: Hard News 1 Story Pitch Due: Wednesday, September 24Wednesday, September 24

Length of story pitch: three Length of story pitch: three paragraphs, about 200 wordsparagraphs, about 200 words

Include the 5 Ws and H: what makes Include the 5 Ws and H: what makes this story newsworthythis story newsworthy

Let’s look at the calendar:Let’s look at the calendar:http://http://www.d.umn.eduwww.d.umn.edu/~lkragnes/~lkragnes

Let’s form the groups: 1-3 Let’s form the groups: 1-3 studentsstudents

Areas where Duluthians gather:Areas where Duluthians gather:– Dining Center: Mary, Ashley, CodyDining Center: Mary, Ashley, Cody– Amazing Grace: Joli, KjestineAmazing Grace: Joli, Kjestine– Portland Square/SA: BetsyPortland Square/SA: Betsy– Outside mall: Lauren, ClaireOutside mall: Lauren, Claire– Canal Park: SaraCanal Park: Sara– Super One Kenwood: AaronSuper One Kenwood: Aaron– Electric Fetus: Katelin, KateElectric Fetus: Katelin, Kate– Old Downtown Duluth: Gram, NickOld Downtown Duluth: Gram, Nick– Cozy Corner/Encounter: Dane, Donny, Pat, MikeCozy Corner/Encounter: Dane, Donny, Pat, Mike

What topics do you think that What topics do you think that sources will identify?sources will identify?

Who are you voting for?Who are you voting for? Why?Why?

– Iraq warIraq war– EconomyEconomy– Health CareHealth Care– AfghanistanAfghanistan– Leadership issuesLeadership issues– EducationEducation– EnvironmentEnvironment– Race/GenderRace/Gender

Assignment for 9/29Assignment for 9/29

Summary lead exercisesSummary lead exercises– Steps to help you:Steps to help you:

Identify the five Ws and HIdentify the five Ws and H What’s the focal point?What’s the focal point?

– Determine what’s the most important to Determine what’s the most important to includeinclude

– Reminder: Summary lead contains no more Reminder: Summary lead contains no more than 35 wordsthan 35 words

– Email assignment, written in Microsoft Word, Email assignment, written in Microsoft Word, as an attachment to as an attachment to lkragnes@d.umn.edulkragnes@d.umn.edu

Read Chapters 20, 21Read Chapters 20, 21

Sports Story Story Pitch Due:Sports Story Story Pitch Due:Wednesday, October 1Wednesday, October 1

Select a UMD or prep sporting event Select a UMD or prep sporting event to coverto cover

Length of story pitch: no more than Length of story pitch: no more than three paragraphs, about 200 wordsthree paragraphs, about 200 words

Include the 5 Ws and H: what makes Include the 5 Ws and H: what makes this story newsworthythis story newsworthy

Complete article due: November 6Complete article due: November 6

Chapter 6: Developing a news Chapter 6: Developing a news storystory

Which stories are worth developing?Which stories are worth developing?– Major local news: Weather, fire, Major local news: Weather, fire,

derailment, court trialderailment, court trial Other factors influencing coverageOther factors influencing coverage

– Prejudices of reporters, editorsPrejudices of reporters, editors– Size of marketSize of market– Searching for a scoopSearching for a scoop– What the competition is doingWhat the competition is doing– What other stories are developingWhat other stories are developing

Phase 1: The story breaksPhase 1: The story breaks

What, when, where, to whomWhat, when, where, to whom MainbarsMainbars

– Reporting the breaking newsReporting the breaking news SidebarsSidebars

– Extra stories that explain news, human Extra stories that explain news, human interestinterest

Examples of stories with followupsExamples of stories with followups– Beekeeper storyBeekeeper story

Phase 2: Second-day storiesPhase 2: Second-day stories

Why, howWhy, how Any late-breaking developmentsAny late-breaking developments

– Clean-up, additional fatalitiesClean-up, additional fatalities Put story into perspectivePut story into perspective

Phase 3: Advancing the Phase 3: Advancing the storystory

Color: Observation, narrative, Color: Observation, narrative, anecdotes that provide a clear anecdotes that provide a clear picture of a person or eventpicture of a person or event

BackgroundBackground– Need to keep the news high in the storyNeed to keep the news high in the story

New informationNew information

Phase 4: Follow-up Phase 4: Follow-up developmentsdevelopments

Reporters make routine checksReporters make routine checks New developmentsNew developments

– Release of a reportRelease of a report Air crash, investigationsAir crash, investigations

Checklist for developing Checklist for developing storiesstories

Report latest news firstReport latest news first Put original breaking news high in follow-upsPut original breaking news high in follow-ups Go to the scene; talk to as many people as Go to the scene; talk to as many people as

possiblepossible Always strive to put a face on the tragedyAlways strive to put a face on the tragedy Advance each follow-up; new developmentsAdvance each follow-up; new developments Look for new sources; consider all anglesLook for new sources; consider all angles Get colorGet color Cooperate with other reportersCooperate with other reporters

Chapter 7: Quotations, Chapter 7: Quotations, attributionsattributions

Why use quotes?Why use quotes?– Bring a story to lifeBring a story to life– Generate emotionGenerate emotion– Provide vivid descriptionProvide vivid description– Bring a dull story to lifeBring a dull story to life

What’s the difference between What’s the difference between an indirect and a direct quote? an indirect and a direct quote?

Types of quotationsTypes of quotations

Complete direct quotationsComplete direct quotations– ““John Doe said that he did it,” she said.John Doe said that he did it,” she said.

Paraphrased quotationsParaphrased quotations– John Doe said that he did it, she said.John Doe said that he did it, she said.

Partial quotationsPartial quotations– John Doe “said that he did it,” she saidJohn Doe “said that he did it,” she said

Direct quotationsDirect quotations

Exact quote: quotation marks around Exact quote: quotation marks around sentencesentence

Most editors allow reporters to clean Most editors allow reporters to clean up grammar or to take out up grammar or to take out profanitiesprofanities

Make sure quotes are right!Make sure quotes are right! Beware of leading questions; use Beware of leading questions; use

paraphraseparaphrase

Why use direct quotes?Why use direct quotes?

Specific, vivid statementsSpecific, vivid statements Descriptive statementsDescriptive statements Inner feelingsInner feelings Capture personalityCapture personality Supplement statements of factSupplement statements of fact Reduce attributionsReduce attributions

Paraphrased quotationsParaphrased quotations

Indirect quotesIndirect quotes Used when direct quote dull, Used when direct quote dull,

uninformativeuninformative Must attribute paraphrases to news Must attribute paraphrases to news

sourcesource When in doubt, paraphraseWhen in doubt, paraphrase

Partial QuotationsPartial Quotations

Using part of a direct quote, often for Using part of a direct quote, often for emphasisemphasis

Can be confusingCan be confusing Be careful: Could draw attention to a Be careful: Could draw attention to a

point, jeopardizing objectivitypoint, jeopardizing objectivity– She told police it was an “accident” She told police it was an “accident”

when she hit the tree.when she hit the tree.

Most important ruleMost important rule

Never make up quotations or Never make up quotations or paraphrasesparaphrases– Shattered Glass: Stephen Glass StoryShattered Glass: Stephen Glass Story

CBS 60 Minutes storyCBS 60 Minutes story Stephen Glass indexStephen Glass index

Which one is right?Which one is right?

Text quotes AP Stylebook:Text quotes AP Stylebook:– ““Quotations normally should be corrected to avoid Quotations normally should be corrected to avoid

the errors in grammar and word usage that often the errors in grammar and word usage that often occur unnoticed when someone is speaking but are occur unnoticed when someone is speaking but are embarrassing in print.”embarrassing in print.”

2006 AP Stylebook:2006 AP Stylebook:– ““Never alter quotations even to correct minor Never alter quotations even to correct minor

grammatical errors or word usage. Casual minor grammatical errors or word usage. Casual minor tongue slips may be removed by using ellipses but tongue slips may be removed by using ellipses but even that should be done with extreme caution. If even that should be done with extreme caution. If there is a question about a quote, either don’t use there is a question about a quote, either don’t use it or ask the speaker to clarify.”it or ask the speaker to clarify.”

Pitfalls to avoid in quotingPitfalls to avoid in quoting Inaccuracies from sourceInaccuracies from source Rambling on and onRambling on and on Hard-to-understand quotationsHard-to-understand quotations Reconstructed quotationsReconstructed quotations Fragmentary quotationsFragmentary quotations Ungrammatical: If it doesn’t make sense, don’t Ungrammatical: If it doesn’t make sense, don’t

use ituse it Use good tasteUse good taste Watch out for offensive languageWatch out for offensive language Be certain when using dialect:Be certain when using dialect:

– North Country, FargoNorth Country, Fargo

Use objective verbs of Use objective verbs of attributionattribution

Straight news storiesStraight news stories– Use neutral verbs: said, addedUse neutral verbs: said, added

““Said” isn’t boring – readers expect itSaid” isn’t boring – readers expect it No need to be creativeNo need to be creative

– AvoidAvoid asserted, bellowed, contended, asserted, bellowed, contended, cried, declared, demanded, emphasized, cried, declared, demanded, emphasized, harangued, hinted, maintained, opined, harangued, hinted, maintained, opined, stammered, stated, stressedstammered, stated, stressed

Identification in attributionsIdentification in attributions

Usually identify source by title, nameUsually identify source by title, name Follow guidelines in AP StylebookFollow guidelines in AP Stylebook Title often used to streamline leadTitle often used to streamline lead Be cautious with “hearsay Be cautious with “hearsay

attribution”attribution”– Using a quote from a police reportUsing a quote from a police report

Placement of attributionsPlacement of attributions

Usually follows the quotationUsually follows the quotation Normally follows first sentence in Normally follows first sentence in

multiple sentence quotemultiple sentence quote When sources change, new When sources change, new

attribution neededattribution needed Use attribution once in a quotationUse attribution once in a quotation Use attribution between complete, Use attribution between complete,

partial quotespartial quotes

Anonymous sourcesAnonymous sources

On the record: Everything can be usedOn the record: Everything can be used Off the record: Nothing can be usedOff the record: Nothing can be used On background: Material can be used, On background: Material can be used,

no attribution by nameno attribution by name On deep background: Can be used, with On deep background: Can be used, with

no attribution; can get confirmationno attribution; can get confirmation– All the President’s Men: Woodward & All the President’s Men: Woodward &

BernsteinBernstein

Where the quote marks goWhere the quote marks go

Useful checklist: Pages 110-112 of textUseful checklist: Pages 110-112 of text1.1. Jones said, “We will be there tomorrow.”Jones said, “We will be there tomorrow.”

2.2. Jones said that he would be there WednesdayJones said that he would be there Wednesday..

3.3. He will be there Wednesday, Jones saidHe will be there Wednesday, Jones said..

4.4. ““All our transcontinental flights are full,” she said.All our transcontinental flights are full,” she said.

5.5. Coach Jones said that it was his “dumbest mistake”: Coach Jones said that it was his “dumbest mistake”: deciding to start an untested freshman at deciding to start an untested freshman at quarterback.quarterback.

6.6. Coach Jones asked his team, “Can we win this game?”Coach Jones asked his team, “Can we win this game?”

7.7. ““Johnson’s plea to ‘win this game for the community’ Johnson’s plea to ‘win this game for the community’ really fired us up,” Smith saidreally fired us up,” Smith said..

8.8. ““We’re so enthusiastic about this project that We’re so enthusiastic about this project that we can’t stop thinking about it,” Jones saidwe can’t stop thinking about it,” Jones said..

9.9. ““We’re so enthusiastic about this project We’re so enthusiastic about this project that we can’t stop thinking about it,” Jones said. that we can’t stop thinking about it,” Jones said. “We look forward to getting council approval.“We look forward to getting council approval.

““We hope that will come at the next We hope that will come at the next meeting.”meeting.”

10.10. Get in there now,” the coach said, “before I Get in there now,” the coach said, “before I make you run extra laps.”make you run extra laps.”

11.11. ““I think it is wise to lengthen the school year,” I think it is wise to lengthen the school year,” Smith said.Smith said.

It would be ludicrous to do so,” Johnson said.It would be ludicrous to do so,” Johnson said.

Chapter 10: InterviewingChapter 10: Interviewing

Three main stages:Three main stages:– ResearchResearch– Setting up the Setting up the

interviewinterview– Questions and Questions and

answersanswers

ResearchResearch

Morgues : Newspaper librariesMorgues : Newspaper libraries– ““Dead stories” kept until needed for Dead stories” kept until needed for

backgroundbackground– Electronic archivesElectronic archives

InternetInternet– http://www2.assignmenteditor.comhttp://www2.assignmenteditor.com

Bound volumes of the paperBound volumes of the paper Files, earlier storiesFiles, earlier stories University, public librariesUniversity, public libraries

Setting up the interviewSetting up the interview

Make an appointmentMake an appointment– Call or email your source, time permittingCall or email your source, time permitting

Identify yourself as reporter, name Identify yourself as reporter, name publicationpublication

Set length of interview in advanceSet length of interview in advance– Half hour, hour, over lunchHalf hour, hour, over lunch

Make interview convenient for sourceMake interview convenient for source Describe the storyDescribe the story Dress the partDress the part Be on time!Be on time!

Structuring the interviewStructuring the interview

Funnel interview: Most commonFunnel interview: Most common– Begin with general background questionsBegin with general background questions– Open-ended questionsOpen-ended questions– End with closed-ended or adversarial End with closed-ended or adversarial

questionsquestions Inverted-funnel interviewInverted-funnel interview

– Key questions asked immediatelyKey questions asked immediately– Breaking news, sources used to interviewsBreaking news, sources used to interviews

Asking questionsAsking questions

Do your homework!Do your homework! Write out your questionsWrite out your questions

– Use reporter’s notebook, refer Use reporter’s notebook, refer back to themback to them

– Let the conversation flow – Let the conversation flow – other questions often other questions often answeredanswered

– Make eye contactMake eye contact– Example: Senator interviewExample: Senator interview

Closed-ended questionsClosed-ended questions– Asked to get precise answerAsked to get precise answer– Useful when already know the answer, need Useful when already know the answer, need

confirmationconfirmation– Used when source is comfortableUsed when source is comfortable– Don’t be hostile!Don’t be hostile!

Open-ended questionsOpen-ended questions– Useful when have more timeUseful when have more time– Often learn unexpected informationOften learn unexpected information– Gets source’s opinions, feelingsGets source’s opinions, feelings– Anything else to add? Anything I’m forgetting?Anything else to add? Anything I’m forgetting?

Personal questionsPersonal questions– Tough to ask personal questions after a Tough to ask personal questions after a

tragedytragedy– Be compassionate, sympatheticBe compassionate, sympathetic– Do homework, try to interview in personDo homework, try to interview in person– Break ice with general questionsBreak ice with general questions– Soften the question:Soften the question:

I know you’re busy; sorry to bother youI know you’re busy; sorry to bother you

– Examples:Examples: Sunshine hits the acceleratorSunshine hits the accelerator Flash flood in BuffaloFlash flood in Buffalo

Frame questions to fit the story’s Frame questions to fit the story’s purposepurpose– Every story needs theme, purposeEvery story needs theme, purpose– Focus on the purpose when asking Focus on the purpose when asking

questionsquestions– Refer back to questionsRefer back to questions

Establish rapportEstablish rapport– Tell sources who you are, what you are Tell sources who you are, what you are

doingdoing– Listen, don’t argueListen, don’t argue– Thank sources for their timeThank sources for their time– Set timeframe for the interviewSet timeframe for the interview

What to do with hostile What to do with hostile sourcessources

You’re not a lawyer: avoid hostile You’re not a lawyer: avoid hostile questionsquestions

Save tough questions for end of interviewSave tough questions for end of interview Be sympathetic, understandingBe sympathetic, understanding Reason with the sourceReason with the source Try to understand source’s positionTry to understand source’s position Repeat damaging things that have been Repeat damaging things that have been

said about a sourcesaid about a source Keep asking questionsKeep asking questions

Making, using observationsMaking, using observations

What’s unusual – or common?What’s unusual – or common?– Observe surroundingsObserve surroundings– Demeanor of sourceDemeanor of source– Personal featuresPersonal features

Examples:Examples:– Successful business leader interviewSuccessful business leader interview– Train, doll collectorsTrain, doll collectors

Write fast!Write fast!

Take a lot of notesTake a lot of notes– Listen, don’t try to get down all the Listen, don’t try to get down all the

quotesquotes– Never can have too many notes!Never can have too many notes!– Take notes even if using tape recorderTake notes even if using tape recorder

Battery or tape failure, operator errorBattery or tape failure, operator error

– Using a tape recorderUsing a tape recorder Ask permissionAsk permission Can be time consumingCan be time consuming

Telephone interviewTelephone interview– Type your notesType your notes– Identify yourselfIdentify yourself– Ask permission to tape recordAsk permission to tape record

Email interviewEmail interview– Tough to ask follow-up questionsTough to ask follow-up questions– Identify yourselfIdentify yourself– Spell out deadlineSpell out deadline– Ask for follow-up callAsk for follow-up call– Impersonal; not always the easiestImpersonal; not always the easiest

After the interviewAfter the interview

Thank sourceThank source Ask for best way to reach the source Ask for best way to reach the source

– phone or email – it have additional – phone or email – it have additional questionsquestions

Never agree to show the source a Never agree to show the source a story once it’s writtenstory once it’s written

In-class assignment for In-class assignment for tonight tonight

To help you develop interviewing skills, To help you develop interviewing skills, during tonight’s class you will be during tonight’s class you will be interviewing Lucy Kragness. She will review interviewing Lucy Kragness. She will review her background, and you will ask her her background, and you will ask her questions.questions.– Assume story assignment for the StatesmanAssume story assignment for the Statesman– To prepare, review Web site, write out questions To prepare, review Web site, write out questions

in advance.in advance. http://www.d.umn.edu/~lkragneshttp://www.d.umn.edu/~lkragnes

– Email final five paragraph story, written in Email final five paragraph story, written in Microsoft Word, as an attachment by Tuesday Microsoft Word, as an attachment by Tuesday (September 23) to: (September 23) to: lkragnes@d.umn.edulkragnes@d.umn.edu

– Story will not be graded; all receive 10 pointsStory will not be graded; all receive 10 points BUT! 1 point deducted for each style error!BUT! 1 point deducted for each style error!

IntroductionsIntroductions Instructor: Lucy KragnessInstructor: Lucy Kragness

– University of Minnesota Duluth ExperienceUniversity of Minnesota Duluth Experience 3/96 to present: Executive Assistant to the Chancellor3/96 to present: Executive Assistant to the Chancellor 1/05 to present: Jour 2001 instructor1/05 to present: Jour 2001 instructor 10/90 to 3/96: Alumni Director, University Relations10/90 to 3/96: Alumni Director, University Relations 8/90 to 10/90: Acting Director, Alumni and Media Relations8/90 to 10/90: Acting Director, Alumni and Media Relations 11/84 to 10/90: Publications Director, Alumni and Media 11/84 to 10/90: Publications Director, Alumni and Media

RelationsRelations 3/89 to 5/94: Taught Publications Editing, a three-credit 3/89 to 5/94: Taught Publications Editing, a three-credit

spring quarter journalism coursespring quarter journalism course 6/85 to 6/90: Volunteer editorial adviser, Statesman student 6/85 to 6/90: Volunteer editorial adviser, Statesman student

newspapernewspaper– Freelance Experience:Freelance Experience:

7/86 to present: Freelance writer, photographer for several 7/86 to present: Freelance writer, photographer for several regional and national publicationsregional and national publications

– Newspaper Experience:Newspaper Experience: 9/83 to 9/84: One-person bureau in Sheridan, Wyo., for 9/83 to 9/84: One-person bureau in Sheridan, Wyo., for

the Billings Gazette in Billings, Mont.the Billings Gazette in Billings, Mont. 3/81 to 9/83: Assistant state editor at the Billings 3/81 to 9/83: Assistant state editor at the Billings

Gazette in Billings, Mont.Gazette in Billings, Mont. 3/80 to 3/81: Managing editor of the Williston Daily 3/80 to 3/81: Managing editor of the Williston Daily

Herald, Plains Reporter (weekly) and the Williston Basin Herald, Plains Reporter (weekly) and the Williston Basin Reporter (bi-weekly), all in Williston, N.D.Reporter (bi-weekly), all in Williston, N.D.

11/79 to 3/80: Assistant managing editor/Sunday editor 11/79 to 3/80: Assistant managing editor/Sunday editor at the Williston Daily Heraldat the Williston Daily Herald

6/79 to 11/79: Reporter, business editor at the Williston 6/79 to 11/79: Reporter, business editor at the Williston Daily HeraldDaily Herald

11/78 to 6/79: Assistant editor at the Northeaster 11/78 to 6/79: Assistant editor at the Northeaster newspaper in Minneapolis.newspaper in Minneapolis.

– Education:Education: Master of Education in Educational Computing and Master of Education in Educational Computing and

Technology, University of Minnesota Duluth, 2001. Technology, University of Minnesota Duluth, 2001. Bachelor of Arts in Journalism, School of Journalism and Bachelor of Arts in Journalism, School of Journalism and

Mass Communication, University of Minnesota Mass Communication, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, 1979.Minneapolis, 1979.

PortfolioPortfolio

Store academic information on your Store academic information on your Electronic Portfolio. Each student has Electronic Portfolio. Each student has 100 mb of storage.100 mb of storage.

Access Electronic Portfolio at: Access Electronic Portfolio at: https://https://portfolio.umn.edu/portfolio/index.jspportfolio.umn.edu/portfolio/index.jsp