week 3: beauty, utility, and politics

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Beauty Utility and Politics

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Presentation focusing on the interrelationships of Design Reform and the social concerns resulting from industrialisation in the West.

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Page 1: Week 3: Beauty, Utility, and Politics

BeautyUtility

and 

Politics

Page 2: Week 3: Beauty, Utility, and Politics

Industrialization

Page 3: Week 3: Beauty, Utility, and Politics

Honoré Daumier, “Third‐class Carriage,” 1860s

Page 4: Week 3: Beauty, Utility, and Politics

Today, about half of the world’s population lives in cities: 3 billion, compared to 1.5 billion 30 years ago.

Page 5: Week 3: Beauty, Utility, and Politics

It is not , truly speaking, the labor that is divided but the men –divided into mere segments of men –broken into mere segments of men –broken into small fragments and crumbs of life; so that all the little pieces of intelligence that is left in a man is not enough to make a pin, or a nail, but exhausts itself in making the point of a pin, or the head of a nail.

John Ruskin, The Stones of Venice, 1853

Page 6: Week 3: Beauty, Utility, and Politics

. . . the purpose of applying art to articles of utility is two‐fold; first, to add beauty to the results of the work of man, which would otherwise be ugly; and secondly, to add pleasure to the work itself, which would otherwise be painful and disgusting.

William Morris,The Arts and Crafts of Today,  1889

Page 7: Week 3: Beauty, Utility, and Politics

“the unity imposed on all of the arts might also serve as a metaphor for an ideal world in which all individuals are unified by a single faith and 

live in harmony with society.”

‐Margaret Belcher 

Page 8: Week 3: Beauty, Utility, and Politics

A.W.N. PuginHall fireplace, Scarisbrick Hall, 1836

Nineteenth‐century Design Reform: looking back, looking ahead

Page 9: Week 3: Beauty, Utility, and Politics

Nineteenth‐century Design Reform: looking back, looking ahead

False principles:imitation of architecture

False principles:Ornament constructed

Page 10: Week 3: Beauty, Utility, and Politics

Putty pressing, plaster and iron casting for ornaments. . .  are not to be rejected because such methods were unknown to our ancestors, but on account of their being opposed in their very nature to the true principles of art and design ‐‐by substituting monotonous repetitions for beautiful variety, flatness of execution for bold relief, encouraging cheap and false magnificence, and reducing the varied principles of ornamental design.

A. W. N. Pugin, An Apology for the Revival of Christian Architecture in England,1843

Page 11: Week 3: Beauty, Utility, and Politics

Bread plateA.W.N. Pugin for Minton, 1849

Typical Victorian platec.1850s

Page 12: Week 3: Beauty, Utility, and Politics

Octagonal oak table from the Prince’s chamber, Palace of Westminster, Designed by A.W.N. Pugin, c.1830s

Page 13: Week 3: Beauty, Utility, and Politics

Globalisation and climate crisis? sustainable design…

Page 14: Week 3: Beauty, Utility, and Politics

Henry Cole and 

Design Education

Richard Redgrave, “Well‐spring” vase 1857

Page 15: Week 3: Beauty, Utility, and Politics

False principles: imitation of natureinappropriate decoration for functionornament constructed

Page 16: Week 3: Beauty, Utility, and Politics

True principles False principles

“flowers or other natural objects should not be used as ornaments, but conventional representations founded upon them sufficiently suggestive to convey the intended image to the mind, without destroying the unity of the object they are employed to decorate.”

Owen Jones, The Grammar of Ornament, 1856

Page 17: Week 3: Beauty, Utility, and Politics

Owen JonesThe Grammar of Ornament, 1856

Page 18: Week 3: Beauty, Utility, and Politics

William Morris, Acanthus,Wallpaper, Color Print from Woodblock, c. 1870s

Page 19: Week 3: Beauty, Utility, and Politics

The 

Great  Exhibitionof 1851

[aka]

The Crystal Palace

Page 20: Week 3: Beauty, Utility, and Politics
Page 21: Week 3: Beauty, Utility, and Politics

Pugin’s Gothic Court at the Great Exhibition, London, 1851

Page 22: Week 3: Beauty, Utility, and Politics
Page 23: Week 3: Beauty, Utility, and Politics
Page 24: Week 3: Beauty, Utility, and Politics

Design reform:didactic aspirations?

(or )good design?

Page 25: Week 3: Beauty, Utility, and Politics
Page 26: Week 3: Beauty, Utility, and Politics