week 1 intro to 702 izaham
TRANSCRIPT
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Educational Research Week 1
Instructor: IZAHAM SHAH ISMAILCourse: EDU 702
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Information
Class
Location
Schedule
Book(s)
Required Text
Additional
Materials
Phone 55227406/0163434535/0182167978
Email [email protected]
Online
Handouts
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Housekeeping
Assessments Research portfolio Electronic
Blog-
edu702.blogspot.com
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Introduction What is research
Why carry out research
Types and approaches
Terminologies
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What is research to
you?
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Look at titles. E readiness in Botswana
A case study of young Korean English learning experiences in the United States: Asocio-cultural perspective
A Qualitative Study of the Development and First Year of Implementation of theBlacksburg Electronic Village
Role and Functions of School Psychologists in Virginia: A ten year follow up
Determinin effects of text-to-s eech s nthesis in a multimedia learnin
environment on science achievement for students with learning disabilities inreading
A study of the relationship between involvement in decision-making and moraleamong Virginia public elementary school teachers
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Is it..about problems? Response to a problem?
To an issue
Solving a problem? What do you do when solving a problem?
Understand the problem
Devise a plan to obtain a solution Use the plan
Evaluate the outcome
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General definition Research is the formal systematic application of the
scientific and disciplined inquiry approach to the study of
problems What do we mean by scientific?
How do we do science?
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doing science?
If our intuition, common sense, and folk wisdom is not
enough to make valid conclusions about behavior... Must test our hunches and ideas
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How we do science Typical way we approach a problem:
Make observations, read literature
Come up theory (general explanation). Develop testable statement (hypothesis) from theory.
CANT STOP THERE!!!
Pick research method, test hypothesis. Collect data. See if supports hypothesis.
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How we do science Example:
Childrens aggression & exposure to violent media.
Theory:
An explanation of phenomenon (using an integratedset of rinci les that or anizes or redicts
observations).General claim about behavior.
Example?
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How we do science
Cant stop there
Hypothesis:
A testable prediction implied by the theory.
Must be a specific & disconfirmable statement.
Example?
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The scientific method
1 2 3 4
Formulate the Test the Collect data Decide toTheory
tentativeproposition
about the
relation between
two or more
theoreticalconstructs)
(design a studyto establish
whether the
relationship
between the
constructs areas predicted)
rejecthypothesis
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A research is..
A diligent search or inquiry -
scientific investigation and study todiscover facts
c a ms open to quest on Knowledge can be observed and
tested again
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The purpose of scientific research
PurposeExamples
To Describe - describe the shape,colour, change over time, relation toother constructs and so on..
To Predict - given what is known thescientist attempts to predict what
E readiness in Botswana Navigating the university system:
The effects of Chinese and Indiangraduate students' social networkson academic ro ression
might happen..
To Control - by manipulating certainvariables the scientist is interested indetermining whether it will lead tocontrolling a particular condition.
To Explain in the form of a Theory -
ultimately the scientist is interested informing a theory to explain thephenomena being investigated.
Determining effects of text-to-speech synthesis in a multimedialearning environment on scienceachievement for students withlearning disabilities in reading
A study of the relationshipbetween involvement in decision-making and morale among Virginiapublic elementary school teachers
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EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH?
So what then is
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An educational research is..
A systematic, and organized effort
to investigate and providetrustworthy information about
,topics
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PPSMI/ ETEMS
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Characteristic of research Research begins with a question in the mind of the
researcher.
Research demands a clearstatement of the problem. Research requires a plan
Research seeks direction through appropriate
hypotheses or research questions Research deals with facts and their meaning.
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Systematic processes in educational
research
1 2 3 4
Identify a Collect data
Report findings
Design a study
Review knowninformation in
the problemarea put
forward a
hypothesis/formulateresearch
questions
interpret data
,
solve problembased onanalysis
hypothesis/answer the
research
questions
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Why carry out research?
Describe? Predict? Control? Explain?
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Why carry out edu research? To provide evidence to help people decide which
opinions are correct or more correct
To help develop better ways to think about the field ofeducation
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Why carry out edu research? To investigate problems or questions concerned with
improvement of education (Sowell, 2001)
contribute to the advances of knowledge and theory provide insights into societal concerns
solve a particular problem within a particular setting
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Educational research continuum Basic
contribute to the advances of knowledge and theory
Applied provide insights into societal concerns
solve a articular roblem within a articular settin
Evaluation Decision making
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CompareBasic
Apply to many people and
situations Relate to general theory
Results may not have
Applied
Apply to specific group of
people and situations Not necessarily related to
broader field of
implications for practice Results have immediateand clear implications forpractice
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Educational Research
Purposeful SystematicEthical Valid
Reliable
outcomes
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Validity and ReliabilityValidity
Outcomes are accurate?
Data collection provideaccurate data?
Analysis suitable for
Reliability
Outcomes are
trustworthy? Can depend on the
outcomes?
questions?
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Terminologies variable any characteristic that is not always the same
characteristics that vary Dependent ? Independent?
A statement about variables
hypothesis Statement that can be tested
theory An explanation of how and why things happen Tested
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Terminologies Research instrument
Anything used to collect information
Questionnaire Researcher as the instrument
Deduction
tarts w t a t eory, app y to ata
Tested
Induction
Data leads to theory
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ConsiderResearch 1
Investigates how the
period of the oscillation ofthe pendulum depends on
its length
Research 2
Investigates how peer
mentoring impacts thelearning motivation ofgraduate students
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Research 1 Variables
Dependent
Independent Others
Hypothesis
Theory Instrument
Analysis
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Research 2 Variables
Dependent Motivation Independent ? Others
Hypothesis
Instrument
Analysis
H d d fi ti ti
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How do we define motivation
operationally? Specify actions or operations to measure motivation
States that he/she spend more time working on academic
tasks States that she/he cant wait to go to class
Display interests pays attention
serve to as quest ons a out su ect
Turns in all homework/assignments on time
??
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The effects of INVOLVEMENT IN astructured wellness program on
physical and mental well-being of
SECONDARY school teachers
What are the variables?Is there a relationship to be
tested?
What must be operationalised?
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Identify research area Your personal interest
Accessibility
Socially relevant / useful Reiterate the significance of your would-be research
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English language research
University of Edinburgh http://www.lel.ed.ac.uk/research/ Syntax & Semantics Research- research in both of these core areas of linguistic theory, and in
the interfaces between them and other areas, such as pragmatics.
The Phonetics & Phonology - researchers treating a very broad range of topics - "from speech
synthesis to OT" - as part of a unified field of activity; hardly anyone in the group can readily
be pigeonholed as a "phonologist" or a "phonetician".
The Centre for Speech Technology Research (CSTR) - concerned with research in all areas ofspeech technology including speech recognition, speech synthesis, speech signal processing,
information access, multimodal interfaces and dialogue systems.
The Language in Context Research - investigates how the social, interpersonal and discursive
context of language shapes its forms and uses.
The Developmental Linguistics Research - undertakes theoretical and experimental researchon language acquisition, language attrition, and language change. The fundamental research aim
is to investigate the nature of the constraints on how linguistic knowledge can vary over time,
both within and between individuals.
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Do background reading Systematic
Start with newspaper, magazines, tv news
Read textbook Read reports
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Exercise
Educational Issues in Malaysia
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Choose one issue Think of a research that
Describes
Predicts Controls
Explains