week 1
TRANSCRIPT
1FSKIKFaculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry
http://fskik.upsi.edu.my
UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS MALAYSIA
Systems Analysis & Design
7th Edition
MTD 2023 / MTD 3043
SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
2FSKIKFaculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry
http://fskik.upsi.edu.my
UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS MALAYSIA
Systems Analysis & Design
7th Edition
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION TO SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
3
http://fskik.upsi.edu.my
FSKIKFaculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry
UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS MALAYSIA
Chapter Objectives
• Discuss the impact of information technology on business strategy and success
• Define an information system and describe its components
• Explain how the Internet has affected business strategies and relationships
4
http://fskik.upsi.edu.my
FSKIKFaculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry
UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS MALAYSIA
Chapter Objectives
• Explain modeling, prototyping, and CASE tools• Distinguish between structured analysis and
object-oriented analysis
5
http://fskik.upsi.edu.my
FSKIKFaculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry
UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS MALAYSIA
Introduction
• Companies use information as a weapon in the battle to increase productivity, deliver quality products and services, maintain customer loyalty, and make sound decisions.
• Information technology can mean the difference between success and failure
6
http://fskik.upsi.edu.my
FSKIKFaculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry
UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS MALAYSIA
The Impact of Information Technology
• Information Technology – Combination of hardware and software products
and services that companies use to manage, access, communicate, and share information
– A vital asset that must be used effectively, updated constantly, and safeguarded carefully
7
http://fskik.upsi.edu.my
FSKIKFaculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry
UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS MALAYSIA
The Impact of Information Technology
• The Role of Systems Analysis and Design– Systems Analysis and Design• Step-by-step process for developing high-quality
information systems
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http://fskik.upsi.edu.my
FSKIKFaculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry
UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS MALAYSIA
The Impact of Information Technology
• Systems analysis – process of understanding in detail what a system should accomplish
• Systems design – process of specifying in detail how components of an information system should be physically implemented
• Systems analyst – uses analysis and design techniques to solve business problems using information technology- Plan, develop, and maintain ISPlan, develop, and maintain IS
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http://fskik.upsi.edu.my
FSKIKFaculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry
UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS MALAYSIA
The Impact of Information Technology
• Who develops Information Systems?– In-house applications– Software packages– Internet-based application services – Outsourcing– Custom solutions– Enterprise-wide software strategies– How versus What
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http://fskik.upsi.edu.my
FSKIKFaculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry
UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS MALAYSIA
Information System Components
• A system is a set of related components that produces specific results
• A Mission-critical system is one that is vital to a company’s operations
• Data consists of basic facts that are the system’s raw material
11
http://fskik.upsi.edu.my
FSKIKFaculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry
UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS MALAYSIA
Information System Components
• Information is data that has been transformed into output that is valuable to users
• Information systems have five key components: hardware, software, data, processes, and people
12
http://fskik.upsi.edu.my
FSKIKFaculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry
UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS MALAYSIA
Information System Components• Hardware – Is the physical layer of the information system
• Software– System software– Application software – Enterprise applications– Horizontal system– Vertical system– Legacy systems
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http://fskik.upsi.edu.my
FSKIKFaculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry
UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS MALAYSIA
Information System Components
• Data – Is the raw material that an information system
transforms into useful information
14
http://fskik.upsi.edu.my
FSKIKFaculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry
UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS MALAYSIA
Information System Components
• Processes – Define the tasks and business functions that users,
managers, and IT staff members perform to achieve specific results
• People– Users, or end users, are the people who interact
with an information system, both inside and outside the company
15
http://fskik.upsi.edu.my
FSKIKFaculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry
UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS MALAYSIA
Impact of the Internet
• E-Commerce or I-Commerce• B2C (Business-to-Consumer)• B2B (Business-to-Business)– EDI– Extensible markup language (XML)– Supplier relationship management (SRM)
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http://fskik.upsi.edu.my
FSKIKFaculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry
UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS MALAYSIA
Impact of the Internet
• Web-Based System Development– WebSphere– .NET– Web services
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http://fskik.upsi.edu.my
FSKIKFaculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry
UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS MALAYSIA
How Business Uses InformationSystems
• In past, IT managers divided systems into categories based on the user group the system served– Office systems– Operational systems– Decision support systems– Executive information systems
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http://fskik.upsi.edu.my
FSKIKFaculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry
UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS MALAYSIA
How Business Uses Information Systems
• Today, it makes more sense to identify a system by its functions, rather than by users – Enterprise computing systems– Transaction processing systems– Business support systems– Knowledge management systems– User productivity systems
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http://fskik.upsi.edu.my
FSKIKFaculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry
UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS MALAYSIA
How Business Uses Information Systems
• Enterprise computing systems– Support company-wide operations and data
management requirements– Enterprise resource planning (ERP)
20
http://fskik.upsi.edu.my
FSKIKFaculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry
UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS MALAYSIA
How Business Uses Information Systems
• Transaction processing systems– Efficient because they process a set of transaction-
related commands as a group rather than individually
21
http://fskik.upsi.edu.my
FSKIKFaculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry
UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS MALAYSIA
How Business Uses Information Systems
• Business support systems– Provide job-related information to users at all
levels of a company– Management information systems (MIS)– Radio frequency identification (RFID)– What-if
22
http://fskik.upsi.edu.my
FSKIKFaculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry
UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS MALAYSIA
How Business Uses Information Systems
• Knowledge management systems– Called expert systems– Simulate human reasoning by combining a
knowledge base and inference rules– Many use fuzzy logic
23
http://fskik.upsi.edu.my
FSKIKFaculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry
UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS MALAYSIA
How Business Uses Information Systems
• User productivity systems– Technology that improves productivity– Groupware
• Information systems integration– Most large companies require systems that
combine transaction processing, business support, knowledge management, and user productivity features
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http://fskik.upsi.edu.my
FSKIKFaculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry
UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS MALAYSIA
Information System Users and Their Needs
• A systems analyst must understand the company’s organizational model in order to recognize who is responsible for specific processes and decisions and to be aware of what information is required by whom.
25
http://fskik.upsi.edu.my
FSKIKFaculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry
UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS MALAYSIA
Information System Users and Their Needs
• Top managers– Strategic plans
• Middle Managers and Knowledge Workers • Supervisors and Team Leaders • Operational Employees– Empowerment
26
http://fskik.upsi.edu.my
FSKIKFaculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry
UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS MALAYSIA
Systems Development Tools and Techniques
• Systems analysts must know how to use a variety of techniques such as modeling, prototyping, and computer-aided systems engineering tools to plan, design, and implement information systems.
• Systems analysts work with these tools in a team environment
27
http://fskik.upsi.edu.my
FSKIKFaculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry
UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS MALAYSIA
Systems Development Tools and Techniques
• Modeling– Business model– Requirements model– Data model– Object model– Network model– Process model
28
http://fskik.upsi.edu.my
FSKIKFaculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry
UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS MALAYSIA
Systems Development Tools and Techniques
• Prototyping– Prototype– Speeds up the development process significantly– Important decisions might be made too early,
before business or IT issues are thoroughly understood
– Can be an extremely valuable tool
29
http://fskik.upsi.edu.my
FSKIKFaculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry
UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS MALAYSIA
Systems Development Tools and Techniques
• Computer-Aided Systems Engineering (CASE) Tools– Also called computer-aided software engineering– CASE tools
30
http://fskik.upsi.edu.my
FSKIKFaculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry
UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS MALAYSIA
Systems Development Methods
• The most popular alternatives are structured analysis, which is a traditional method that still is widely used, and object-oriented analysis (O-O), which is a newer approach that many analysts prefer
• The important thing is for a systems analyst to understand the various methods and the strengths and weaknesses of each approach
31
http://fskik.upsi.edu.my
FSKIKFaculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry
UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS MALAYSIA
Systems Development Methods
• Structured Analysis– Systems development life cycle (SDLC)– Predictive approach– Uses a set of process models to describe a system
graphically– Process-centered technique
32
http://fskik.upsi.edu.my
FSKIKFaculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry
UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS MALAYSIA
Systems Development Methods
• Object-oriented Analysis– O-O analysis combines data & processes into
objects– Object is a member of a class– Objects possess properties– Methods change an object’s properties– A message requests specific behavior or
information from another object
33
http://fskik.upsi.edu.my
FSKIKFaculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry
UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS MALAYSIA
Systems Development Guidelines
• Stick to a plan• Involve the users throughout the development
process• Listening is very important• Use project management tools to identify
tasks and milestones• Remain flexible• Develop accurate cost and benefit information
34
http://fskik.upsi.edu.my
FSKIKFaculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry
UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS MALAYSIA
Information Technology Department
• The information technology (IT) department develops and maintains a company’s information systems.
• The IT group provides technical support
35
http://fskik.upsi.edu.my
FSKIKFaculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry
UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS MALAYSIA
Information Technology Department
• Application Development– Team may include users, managers and IT Staff
members
• Systems Support and Security– Deployment team
• User Support– Help desk or information center (IC)
36
http://fskik.upsi.edu.my
FSKIKFaculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry
UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS MALAYSIA
Information Technology Department
• Database Administration– Database design, management, security, backup,
and user access
• Network Administration– Includes hardware and software maintenance,
support, and security
• Web Support– Webmasters
37
http://fskik.upsi.edu.my
FSKIKFaculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry
UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS MALAYSIA
Information Technology Department
• Quality Assurance (QA)– Reviews and tests all applications and systems
changes to verify specifications and software quality standards
– Is a separate unit that reports directly to IT management
38
http://fskik.upsi.edu.my
FSKIKFaculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry
UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS MALAYSIA
The Systems Analyst Position
• A systems analyst investigates, analyzes, designs, develops, installs, evaluates, and maintains a company’s information systems
• On large projects, the analyst works as a member of an IT department team
• Smaller companies often use consultants to perform the work
39
http://fskik.upsi.edu.my
FSKIKFaculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry
UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS MALAYSIA
The Systems Analyst Position
• Responsibilities– Translate business requirements into practical IT
projects to meet needs
• Required Skills and Background– Solid communication skills and analytic ability
40
http://fskik.upsi.edu.my
FSKIKFaculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry
UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS MALAYSIA
The Systems Analyst Position
• Certification– Professional credential
• Career Opportunities– Job titles– Company organization– Company size– Corporate culture– Salary, location, and future growth
41
http://fskik.upsi.edu.my
FSKIKFaculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry
UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS MALAYSIA
Chapter Summary
• IT is a combination of hardware, software, and telecommunications systems that support business
• The essential components of an information system are hardware, software, data, processes, and people
• Companies are production oriented, service oriented, or a combination of the two
42
http://fskik.upsi.edu.my
FSKIKFaculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry
UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS MALAYSIA
Chapter Summary
• Based on their function and features, information systems are identified as enterprise computing systems, transactional processing or operational systems, business support systems, knowledge management systems, or user productivity systems
• Organization structure usually includes levels. Each level has different responsibilities and information needs
43
http://fskik.upsi.edu.my
FSKIKFaculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry
UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS MALAYSIA
Chapter Summary
• Systems analyst use modeling, prototyping, and CASE tools. Modeling produces a graphical representation of the process, prototyping involves creation of an early working model, and CASE tools assist in various systems development tasks
• Various development methodologies exist, including structured analysis and object-oriented analysis
44
http://fskik.upsi.edu.my
FSKIKFaculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry
UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS MALAYSIA
Chapter Summary
• Regardless of the development model, it is important to use project management tools necessary to manage people, tasks, timetables, and expenses
• An IT department develops, maintains and operates a company’s information systems
• Systems analysts need a combination of technical and business knowledge, analytical ability, and communication
45FSKIKFaculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry
http://fskik.upsi.edu.my
UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS MALAYSIA
Systems Analysis & Design
7th Edition
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